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1. Diabetes and NAFLD

Author

Targher, Giovanni, Mantovani, Alessandro, Bonora, Enzo, Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2020
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2. Interactions of the Osteokines, Glucose/Insulin System and Vascular Risk Networks in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes (VNDS 15).

Author

Zusi, Chiara, Bonetti, Sara, Rinaldi, Elisabetta, Csermely, Alessandro, Boselli, Maria Linda, Travia, Daniela, Santi, Lorenza, Bonora, Enzo, Bonadonna, Riccardo C., and Trombetta, Maddalena

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, CARDIOVASCULAR system, OSTEOPROTEGERIN, INSULIN sensitivity, OSTEOCALCIN
Abstract

Background and Aim: Bone as an endocrine organ regulates metabolic processes independently of mineral metabolism through the production/release of proteins collectively named 'osteokines'. Relevant connections were reported between the insulin/glucose system, calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque, and several osteokines. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the osteokine network could be involved in beta‐cell function, insulin sensitivity, and vascular damage in a cohort of people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). Subjects and Methods: In 794 drug‐naive, GADA‐negative, newly‐diagnosed T2D patients (mean ± SD age: 59 ± 9.8 years; BMI: 29.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2; HbA1c: 6.6 ± 1.3%) we assessed: plasma concentration of osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), RANKL, and its putative decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG); insulin sensitivity (SI) by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp; beta cell function (BCF), estimated by OGTT minimal modelling and expressed as derivative (DC) and proportional (PC) control. Echo‐doppler of carotid and lower limb arteries were also performed in 708 and 701 subjects, respectively. Results: OCN, RANKL and OPG were significantly associated with PC (p < 0.02); OCN was positively related to DC (p = 0.018). OPG was associated with lower IS (p < 0.001). Finally, the higher RANKL levels, the greater was the severity of atherosclerosis in common carotid artery (p < 0.001). Increased OPG and OPN concentrations were related to subclinical atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries of lower limbs (p = 0.023 and p = 0.047, respectively). Conclusion: These data suggest that, in patients with newly diagnosed T2D, the osteokine network crosstalks with the glucose/insulin system and may play a role in modulating the atherosclerotic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Diabetes and NAFLD

Author

Targher, Giovanni, Mantovani, Alessandro, Bonora, Enzo, Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2018
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6. Impact of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Its Components on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Glucose Control, and Body Weight in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-Life Study

Author

Vitale, Marilena, Masulli, Maria, Calabrese, Ilaria, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Bonora, Enzo, Signorini, Stefano, Perriello, Gabriele, Squatrito, Sebastiano, Buzzetti, Raffaella, Sartore, Giovanni, Babini, Anna Carla, Gregori, Giovanna, Giordano, Carla, Clemente, Gennaro, Grioni, Sara, Dolce, Pasquale, Riccardi, Gabriele, Vaccaro, Olga, IT Study Group, Tosca., Vitale, Marilena, Masulli, Maria, Calabrese, Ilaria, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Bonora, Enzo, Signorini, Stefano, Perriello, Gabriele, Squatrito, Sebastiano, Buzzetti, Raffaella, Sartore, Giovanni, Babini, Anna Carla, Gregori, Giovanna, Giordano, Carla, Clemente, Gennaro, Grioni, Sara, Dolce, Pasquale, Riccardi, Gabriele, and Vaccaro, Olga

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Mediterranean diet, cardiovascular risk, diabetes, glucose control, plasma lipids, relative Mediterranean diet score, Aged, Biomarkers, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin A, Humans, Lipids, Middle Aged, Nutritive Value, Patient Compliance, Protective Factors, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Diet, Healthy, Diet, Mediterranean, Feeding Behavior, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Cross-sectional study, Healthy Diet, Saturated fat, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Mediterranean, Diabete, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Lipid, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Type 2, Human, Cardiovascular risk, Diabetes, Glucose control, Plasma lipids, Relative mediterranean diet score, Food Science, Plasma lipid, lcsh:TX341-641, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Protective Factor, Cross-Sectional Studie, Glycated Hemoglobin, Healthy, business.industry, Risk Factor, Biomarker, medicine.disease, Diet, chemistry, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Body mass index
Abstract

This study evaluates the relation of a Mediterranean dietary pattern and its individual components with the cardiovascular risk factors profile, plasma glucose and body mass index (BMI) in people with type 2 diabetes. We studied 2568 participants at 57 diabetes clinics. Diet was assessed with the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) questionnaire, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED). A high compared to a low score was associated with a better quality of diet and a greater adherence to the nutritional recommendations for diabetes. However, even in the group achieving a high score, only a small proportion of participants met the recommendations for fiber and saturated fat (respectively 17% and 30%). Nonetheless, a high score was associated with lower values of plasma lipids, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and BMI. The relationship of the single food items components of the rMED score with the achievement of treatment targets for plasma lipids, blood pressure, glucose, and BMI were also explored. The study findings support the Mediterranean dietary model as a suitable model for type 2 diabetes and the concept that the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet lie primarily in its synergy among various nutrients and foods rather than on any individual component.

Published
2018
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7. Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial

Author

Ruilope, Luis M, Agarwal, Rajiv, Anker, Stefan D, Bakris, George L, Filippatos, Gerasimos, Nowack, Christina, Kolkhof, Peter, Joseph, Amer, Mentenich, Nicole, Pitt, Bertram, Diego, Besada, Alfredo, Wassermann, Julio, Bittar, Alicia, Elbert, Augusto, Vallejos, Gloria, Viñes, Hugo, Sanabria, Federico Pérez Manghi, Alberto, Liberman, Inés, Bartolacci, Diego, Aizenberg, Mariano, Chahin, Laura, Maffei, Elizabeth, Gelersztein, Bernhard, Ludvik, Hans-Robert, Schönherr, Heinz, Drexel, Wolfgang, Preiß, Ursula, Hanusch, Peter, Neudorfer, Friedrich, Prischl, Bernhard, Paulweber, Christoph, Ebenbichler, Rudolf, Prager, Harald, Sourij, Gerit-Holger, Schernthaner, Martin, Clodi, Evelyn, Fliesser-Görzer, Elif, Ekinci, Richard, Macisaac, David, Packham, Hugo, Stephenson, Michael, Suranyi, Gary, Wittert, Katie-Jane, Wynne, Alexia, Pape, Duncan, Topliss, Peter, Colman, Craig, Nelson, James, Vandeleur, David, Colquhoun, Simon, Roger, Peak Mann Mah, Walter, Abhayaratna, Luc VAN Gaal, Pieter, Gillard, Jean-Michel, Hougardy, Marijn, Speeckaert, Koen, Stas, Wendy, Engelen, Francis, Duyck, André, Scheen, Hilde, Vanbelleghem, Peter, Doubel, Svetla, Vasileva, Rosen, Rashkov, Boyan, Nonchev, Theodora, Temelkova-Kurktschieva, Mariana, Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Rangel, Rangelov, Neli, Klyuchkova, Pavel, Stanchev, Zhivko, Tagarev, Radostina, Boshnyashka, Petya, Manova, Zhulieta, Prakova, Mariya, Lucheva, Valentina, Gushterova, Ghassan, Farah, Dimitar, Georgiev, Mariyana, Pichmanova, Dotska, Minkova, Bilyana, Stoyanovska-Elencheva, Maria Eugenia Canziani, Miguel, Hissa, Irene, Noronha, Joao Eduardo Salles, Daniela, Antunes, Freddy, Eliaschewitz, Carlos Eduardo Figueiredo, Rogerio de Paula, Luis, Canani, Maurilo Leite Jr, Bruno, Paolino, Rosangela, Rea, Sergio, Vencio, Claudia, Brito, Raphael, Paschoalin, Roberto Pecoits Filho, Eduardo, Vasconcellos, Nathalia, Paschoalin, Adriana, Forti, Roberto, Botelho, Miguel, Riella, Dalton, Precoma, Maria, Cerqueira, Lilia, Maia, Evandro, Portes, Marcio, Pereira, Joanne, Liutkus, Dennis, O Keefe, Richard, Tytus, Brian, Carlson, James, Conway, Michael, Walsh, Igor, Wilderman, Andrew, Steele, Sheldon, Tobe, Louise, Vitou, Karthik, Tennankore, Valdemar, Martinho, Philip, Mcfarlane, Daniel, Shu, Serge, Cournoyer, Richard, Dumas, Giuseppe, Mazza, Guy, Tellier, George, Tsoukas, Stanley, Weisnagel, Jean-Francois, Yale, Sameh, Fikry, Randolph, Hart, Pavel, Hamet, Francois, Madore, Paul, Barre, Daniel, Schwartz, Allan, Kelly, Ivor, Teitelbaum, Sean, Peterson, Sam, Henein, Richard, Goluch, Gregoire, Wuerzner, Markus, Laimer, Stefan, Bilz, Marc, Donath, Gottfried, Rudofsky, Christopher, Strey, Antoinette, Pechère-Bertschi, Paola, Varleta, Fernando, González, Marcelo, Medina, Carmen, Romero, Victor, Saavedra, Juan Carlos Prieto, Eliana, Reyes, Juan Carlos Palma, Jorge, Cobos, Zhihong, Liu, Dalong, Zhu, Nan, Chen, Fang, Liu, Wang, Li, Qing, Su, Bingyin, Shi, Aiping, Yin, Hao, Wang, Yan, Li, Jianying, Niu, Chaoqing, Wu, Xinjun, Wang, Ying, Zhang, Peng, Ai, Jianhua, Ma, Yuxiu, Li, Hongguang, Zheng, Minxiang, Lei, Zhaohui, Mo, Nanwei, Tong, Jinluo, Cheng, Youping, Dong, Xudong, Xu, Qinkai, Chen, Tianjun, Guan, Gang, Long, Changying, Xing, Ling, Li, Yinghong, Liu, Hao, Zhang, Ling, Zhong, Zhonghe, Li, Longyi, Zeng, Jiali, Wei, Hanqing, Cai, Tianfeng, Wu, Weiping, Lu, Ning, Xu, Yibing, Lu, Dejun, Chen, Ruifang, Bu, Jiansong, Shen, Junwu, Dong, Zhiquan, Zhao, Fei, Xiong, Fangfang, Jiang, Jinkui, Yang, Jian, Kuang, Guoyuan, Lu, Lihua, Wang, Yanlin, Zhang, Shuifu, Tang, Weiying, Guo, Jian, Liu, Sheng, Jiang, Fang, Yi, Yuming, Du, Zhuxing, Sun, Yuantao, Liu, Liyong, Zhong, Dongmei, Li, Hongmei, Li, Chuanming, Hao, Feixia, Shen, Jianqin, Wang, Jingmei, Li, Dora, Molina, Carlos, Cure, Jaime, Ibarra, Gustavo, Aroca, Hernán, Yupanqui, Eric, Hernández, Mónica, López, Gregorio, Sánchez, Germán, Barreto, Edgar, Arcos, Miguel, Urina, William, Kattah, Carlos, Durán, Clara, Arango, Julian, Coronel, Guillermo, Blanco, Mónica, Terront, Gustavo, Guzmán, Luis, García, Carlos, Jaramillo, Manuel, Liévano, Diego, Benitez, Tatiana, Cárdenas, Iván, Villegas, Sandra, Barrera, Nicolás, Jaramillo, Rodrigo, Botero, Nelly Beltrán López, Freddy, Trujillo, Martin, Prazny, Jitka Hasalova Zapletalova, Libor, Okenka, Dino, Alferi, Tomas, Edelsberger, Pavel, Tomanek, Jiri, Brezina, Olga, Hola, Jana, Houdova, Petr, Bucek, David, Karasek, Sarka, Kopecka, Richard, Kovar, Michal, Brada, Lucie, Hornova, Eva, Krcova, Hana, Lubanda, Vlasta, Kutejova, Jiri, Kuchar, Helena, Hrmova, Jiri, Pumprla, Magdalena, Mokrejsova, Drahomira, Gulakova, Ivo, Matyasek, Thilo, Krüger, Hermann, Haller, Thorsten, Koch, Ludger, Rose, Diethelm, Tschöpe, Lutz, Stemler, Volker, Schettler, Andreas, Pfützner, Karl, Derwahl, Thomas, Horacek, Helena, Sigal, Heidrun, Täschner, Ingolf, Schiefke, Andreas, Hagenow, Andreas, Birkenfeld, Christoph, Axthelm, Christoph, Wanner, Klaus, Busch, Heike, Schlichthaar, Christoph, Hasslacher, Stefan, Degenhardt, Markus van der Giet, Georg, Strack, Norbert, Schöll, Bernhard, R Winkelmann, Lars, Rump, Ruth, Nischik, Bernd, Schröppel, Thomas, Giebel, Achim, Ulmer, Andrea, Rinke, Christel, Contzen, Wolfgang, Jungmair, Nicole, Toursarkissian, Christof, Kloos, Joachim, Müller, Thomas, Schürholz, Hermann, Braun, Frank, Pistrosch, Per, Poulsen, Claus, Juhl, Joan, Nielsen, Jesper, Bech, Ole, Rasmussen, Peter, Rossing, Jens, Faber, Thure, Krarup, Morten, Lindhardt, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Pedersen-Bjergaard, Karoline, Schousboe, Jørgen, Hangaard, Sten, Madsbad, Gunnar, Gislason, Grzegorz Jaroslaw Pacyk, Olga González Albarrán, Carlos Sánchez Juan, José Julián Segura de la Morena, Secundino Cigarrán Guldris, Francisco Martínez Deben, José María Pascual Izuel, Julio Pascual Santos, Francesca, Calero, Alfonso, Soto, Manuel Polaina Rusillo, Josep, Redón, Josep, Galcerán, Juan, Mediavilla, Mª Dolores Martínez Esteban, Alfredo, Michán, Fernando de Álvaro, Javier Escalada San Martín, Josep Cruzado Garrit, Cristina, Castro, Fernando Cereto Castro, Rafael Santamaría Olmo, Esteban, Poch, Judith, Martins, Julio Hernández Jaras, Meritxell, Ibernón, Daniel, Seron, Hanane, Bouarich, Maribel, Troya, Jorma, Strand, Ilkka, Kantola, Sakari, Nieminen, Arvo, Koistinen, Kristiina, Kananen, Sakari, Sulosaari, Mikko, Honkasalo, Pirkko, Korsoff, Tuomo, Nieminen, Karita, Sadeharju, Kari, Humaloja, Jorma, Lahtela, Philippe, Zaoui, Jean-Pierre, Fauvel, Ronan, Roussel, Didier, Gouet, Pierre, Serusclat, Sylvaine, Clavel, Bruno, Guerci, Bruno, Verges, Olivier, Moranne, Arnaud, Monier, Alexandre, Klein, François, Chantrel, Yannick LE Meur, Rafik, Mesbah, Bertrand, Cariou, Dominique, Guerrot, Karim, Gallouj, Kieran, Mccafferty, Arutchelvam, Vijayaraman, Yuk-Ki, Wong, Dhanya, Kalathil, Sam, Rice, Sui Phi Kon, Hassan, Kahal, Cuong, Dang, Fahmy, Hanna, Christina, Kyriakidou, Imrozia, Arif, Anne, Kilvert, Pauline, Swift, Ioannis, Stefanidis, Ploumis, Passadakis, Aikaterini, Papagianni, Erifili, Hatziagelaki, Dorothea, Papadopoulou, Ioannis, Boletis, Ioanna, Makriniotou, Theodora, Kounadi, Ioannis, Ioannidis, Paul, Lee, Ching Wan Ronald Ma, Vincent, Yeung, Tai Pang Ip, Ebrahim, Noori, Julianna, Kiss, Eleonora, Harcsa, Albert, Szocs, Szilard, Vasas, Krisztina, Wudi, Robert, Kirschner, Dora, Bajcsi, Beata, Lamboy, Botond, Literati-Nagy, Gabor, Nyirati, Gizella, Petro, Karoly, Schneider, Katalin, Keltai, Akos, Kalina, Peter, Danos, Szilvia, Kazup, Zsolt, Zilahi, Judit, Simon, Laszlo, Kovacs, Marianna, Zsom, Margit, Mileder, Laszlo, Nagy, Yoram, Yagil, Julio, Wainstein, Ofri, Mosenzon, Rosane Abramof Ness, Sydney Ben Chetrit, Faiad, Adawi, Idit, Liberty, Ehud, Grossman, Mazen, Elias, Zaher, Armaly, Evgeny, Farber, Assy, Nimer, Amir, Bashkin, Gil, Chernin, Shai, Efrati, Doron, Schwartz, Noa Berar Yanay, Mariela, Glandt, Robert, Zukermann, Majdi, Halabi, Shaul, Atar, Mahmud, Darawsha, Norberto, Perico, Gaetano La Manna, Giovanni Giorgio Battaglia, Domenico, Santoro, Piermarco, Piatti, Bonora, Enzo, Davide Carlo Maggi, Paolo, Calabrò, Roberto, Cimino, Roberto, Trevisan, Paolo, Fiorina, Antonio, Pisani, Antonello, Pani, Gennaro, Santorelli, Carlo Antonio Bossi, Giancarlo, Tonolo, Enrico, Fiaccadori, Anna Maria Veronelli, Michele, Emdin, Paola, Ponzani, Maria Cristina Gregorini, Franco Luigi Cavalot, Carlo Bruno Giorda, Taro, Shibasaki, Akihiro, Hamasaki, Takashi, Nomiyama, Sunao, Matsubayashi, Junji, Shinoda, Kazunari, Matsumoto, Hideo, Kanehara, Yoshihide, Hirohata, Masayo, Yamada, Jun, Nakazawa, Yoshimitsu, Yamasaki, Mikihiro, Nakayama, Ryuichi, Furuya, Osamu, Ebisui, Satsuki, Kawasaki, Daishiro, Yamada, Masayuki, Noritake, Tamayo, Ishiko, Nobuhiro, Sasaki, Daisuke, Suzuki, Asami, Tanaka, Miyuki, Kubota, Hideo, Araki, Hiroshi, Ohashi, Takeshi, Osonoi, Kazuo, Yamagata, Naruhiro, Fujita, Daisuke, Kanda, Seiichi, Tanaka, Junko, Koide, Masao, Ishii, Takayuki, Ogiwara, Masaaki, Suzuki, Taiji, Sekigami, Takayuki, Higashi, Yuko, Yambe, Yoshiro, Kusano, Hidetoshi, Kikuchi, Hiroaki, Miyaoka, Kiyoe, Kato, Masayuki, Kashima, Fumiko, Yamakawa, Shuji, Horinouchi, Hirofumi, Imoto, Hiroshi, Sobajima, Hidetoshi, Kanai, Naoki, Matsuoka, Hirotaka, Shibata, Akemi, Inagaki, Toshiyuki, Sugiura, Toru, Sugiyama, Hidekatsu, Yanai, Yoshiyuki, Hamamoto, Masahiro, Hatazaki, Terumasa, Hayashi, Kunihisa, Kobayashi, Satoshi, Murao, Makoto, Ujihara, Kazuya, Sugitatsu, Katsunori, Kawamitsu, Ken, Yamakawa, Izumi, Tsunematsu, Fumi, Kikuchi, Hideaki, Jinnouchi, Tetsuyuki, Yasuda, Hajime, Maeda, Yasuto, Matsuo, Hideki, Okamoto, Takeshi, Katsuki, Ken, Yajima, Takeshi, Morita, Masayuki, Inagaki, Wooje, Lee, Jungoo, Kang, Cheol Young Park, Hyesoon, Kim, Singon, Kim, Youcheol, Hwang, Injoo, Kim, Jaehyeon, Kim, Young Min Cho, Byungwan, Lee, Choonhee, Chung, Soo, Lim, Jae Myung Yu, Dovile, Kriauciuniene, Antanas, Navickas, Audrone, Velaviciene, Egle, Urbanaviciene, Gediminas, Urbonas, Jurate, Lasiene, Lina, Radzeviciene, Ron, Gansevoort, Adriaan, Kooy, G Lieverse, A, L Penne, E, Ruud J, M van Leendert, M van Buren, H Boonstra, A, C Bakker, R, Marielle, Krekels, B Brouwer, C, T Luik, P, J N, M Barendregt, Bert-Jan van den Born, Trine, Finnes, Thomas, Karlsson, Hilde, Selsås, Emil, Asprusten, Robert, Hagemeier, Erik, Eriksen, Knut, Risberg, Hans, Høivik, Leidulv, Solnør, Frode, Thorup, Jan, Rocke, Rick, Cutfield, Peter, Dunn, Jeremy, Krebs, Russell, Scott, Kingsley, Nirmalaraj, Nine, Smuts, John, Baker, Veronica, Crawford, Albert, Bautista, Roberto, Mirasol, Elizabeth, Catindig, Glenda, Pamugas, Louie, Tirador, Maribel, Tanque, Janusz, Gumprecht, Piotr, Napora, Edward, Franek, Andrzej, Stankiewicz, Katarzyna, Landa, Agnieszka, Tiuryn-Petrulewicz, Kazimierz, Ciechanowski, Bogna, Wierusz-Wysocka, Barbara, Rewerska, Grazyna, Cieslik, Michal, Hoffmann, Michal, Nowicki, Jolanta, Krzykowska, Stanislaw, Mazur, Katarzyna, Wasilewska, Anna, Ocicka-Kozakiewicz, Ewa, Skokowska, Renata, Wnetrzak-Michalska, Jan, Ruxer, Patrycja, Butrymowicz, Katarzyna, Madziarska, Ilona, Kurnatowska, Teresa, Rusicka, Adam, Madrzejewski, Tomasz, Stompor, Jose, Guia, Amalia, Pereira, Pedro, Melo, Cristina, Roque, Francisco, Rosario, Fernando Teixeira, E Costa, Fernando, Nolasco, Edgar, Almeida, Pedro, Matos, Cesar, Esteves, Rui, Carvalho, Ilidio, Brandao, Susana, Heitor, Ana Vila Lobos, Rosa, Ballesteros, Gil, Silva, Carlos, Barreto, Ana, Silva, Natalya, Vorokhobina, Alexander, Sherenkov, Ivan, Gordeev, Olga, Semenova, Sergey, Levashov, Vyacheslav, Marasaev, Ruslan, Sardinov, Vadim, Klimontov, Vitaliy, Baranov, Nadezhda, Verlan, Albert, Galyavich, Arkadiy, Demko, Zhanna, Kobalava, Elena, Zakharova, Lyudmila, Kvitkova, Oleg, Solovev, Elena, Smolyarchuk, Larisa, Zhukova, Elena, Zhdanova, Andrey, Babkin, Galina, Nechaeva, Olga, Barbarash, Elena, Rechkova, Roman, Libis, Elena, Kosmacheva, Tatyana, Rodionova, Irina, Ipatko, Alexander, Dreval, Nina, Petunina, Elena, Chernyavskaya, Alsu, Zalevskaya, Yuriy, Khalimov, Tatyana, Zykova, Anton, Edin, Ashot, Mkrtumyan, Shamil, Palyutin, Vyacheslav, Mareev, Leonid, Strongin, Olga, Ukhanova, Mikhail, Antsiferov, Davyd, Yakhontov, Leonid, Pimenov, Natalya, Koziolova, Konstantin, Nikolaev, Imad, Merai, Olga, Zanozina, Leyla, Gaysina, Mikhail, Arkhipov, Natalia, Malykh, Oksana, Rymar, Vladimir, Martynenko, Sofya, Malyutina, Polina, Ermakova, Marina, Kalashnikova, Bengt-Olov, Tengmark, Carl-Johan, Lindholm, Dan, Curiac, Ken, Eliasson, Erik, Rein-Hedin, Gregor, Guron, Inga, Soveri, Annette, Bruchfeld, Jonas, Spaak, Malin, Frank, Magnus, Löndahl, Hans, Larnefeldt, Margareta, Hellgren, Olof, Hellberg, Yong Mong Bee, Chee Fang Sum, Ru San Tan, Piyamitr, Sritara, Chaicharn, Deerochanawong, Chatlert, Pongchaiyakul, Natapong, Kosachunhanan, Bancha, Satirapoj, Ahmet, Temizhan, Ibrahim, Gul, Ramazan, Sari, Aytekin, Oguz, Mustafa, Tigen, Huseyin, Yilmaz, Ozer, Badak, Oner, Ozdogan, Talat, Tavli, Necmi, Eren, Murat, Cayli, Sedat, Ustundag, Yavuz, Yenicerioglu, Ismail, Kocyigit, Abdulbaki, Kumbasar, Idris, Sahin, Lee-Ming, Chuang, Ju-Ying, Jiang, Chien-Te, Lee, Der-Cherng, Tarng, Shih-Te, Tu, Mai-Szu, Wu, Ming-Ju, Wu, Chiz-Tzung, Chang, Cheng-Chieh, Hung, Liubov, Sokolova, Borys, Mankovsky, Dmytro, Kogut, Viktoriia, Chernikova, Kateryna, Malyar, Nonna, Kravchun, Volodymyr, Botsyurko, Vitaliy, Maslyanko, Liliya, Martynyuk, Oleksandr, Serhiyenko, Vasyl, Stryzhak, Halyna, Myshanych, Oleksandra, Donets, Iryna, Bondarets, Maryna, Vlasenko, Nataliia, Pertseva, Mariia, Grachova, Ivan, Smirnov, Larysa, Pererva, Ivan, Fushtey, Julia, Komisarenko, Anna, Isayeva, Carl, Meisner, Bobby, Khan, Louis, Maletz, Bradley, Dixon, Ahmed, Arif, Timothy, Jackson, Mirela, Ponduchi, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Salil, Nadkarni, Daniel, Urbach, Jorge, Paoli-Bruno, Henry, Lora, Umar, Farooq, Steven, Zeig, Lance, Rudolph, Nabil, Andrawis, William, Kaye, Jill, Meyer, Khalid, Bashir, Glenn, Heigerick, James, Smelser, Javier Ricardo Colomar, David, Scott, Brian, First, Stuart, Handelsman, Jose, Bautista, Rajesh, Patel, Stephen, Minton, Juan, Frias, Luis, Ramos-Gonez, John, Bertsch, Ali, Iranmanesh, Vivian, Fonseca, Michael, Yuryev, Larry, Popeil, Jose, Cardona, Sanjeev, Saxena, Santosh, Sharma, Edgar, Gonzalez, Richard, Solomon, Muhammad, Khan, Ahmed, Awad, David, Fitz-Patrick, Douglas, Linfert, David, Grant, Susan, Brian, Leon, Fogelfeld, Rafael, Canadas, Pablo, Pergola, Joseph, Soufer, Rakesh, Patel, Shujauddin, Valika, Jonathan, Winston, Allison, D, Maria, Caramori, Stanley, Koch, Anjay, Rastogi, Jonathan, Bornfreund, Michael, Rocco, Maxine, Hamilton, Luis, Garcia-Mayol, Peter, Weissman, Suzanne, Oparil, Gary, Ruoff, Kyaw, Soe, Gary, Korff, Robert, Busch, Alexander, Lurie, Israel, Hartman, Garfield, Samuels, Derek, Lejeune, Visal, Numrungroad, Stephen, Brietzke, Zeid, Kayali, Harold, Szerlip, Steven, Barag, Gilberto, Seco, Damaris, Vega, Osvaldo, Brusco, Camil, Kreit, Humberto, Cruz, Bharat, Mocherla, Sharma, Prabhakar, George, Fadda, Martin, Valdes, Eugene, Soroka, Ramin, Berenji, Sreedhara, Alla, Shweta, Bansal, Odugbesan, A, Karlton, Pettis, Masoud, Azizad, Idalia, Acosta, Atoya, Adams, William, Sanchez, Rosa, Suarez, Efrain, Reisin, Carlos, Herrera, Keung, Lee, Csaba, Kovesdy, Adam, Whaley-Connell, Aldo, Peixoto, Ronald, Mayfield, Mahendra, Jain, Earl, Martin, Paul, Norwood, Jonathan, Wise, Hugo, Romeu, Stephen, Halpern, Mustafa, Mandviwala, Thomas, Turk, Anna, Burgner, David, Bleich, Ankur, Doshi, Jose, Carpio, Jorge, Posada, Alexander, Magno, Samer, Nakhle, Gary, Goldstein, Caroline, Mbogua, Dierdre, Mcmullen, Dilawar, Ajani, Wayne, Kotzker, Nelson, Kopyt, Richard, Treger, Yusuf, Ruhullah, Sharon, Adler, Harjeet, Brar, Marc, Rendell, Dennis, Ross, Srinivasan, Beddhu, German, Hernandez, Sylvia, Rosas, M Sue Kirkman, Mohammed, El-Shahawy, Jeffrey, Rothman, Ahmad, Barakzoy, Aparna, Tamirisa, Sabrina, Benjamin, Michael, Bahrami, Prabir, Roy-Chaudhury, Ramprasad, Dandillaya, Gretel, Trullenque, Jose, Birriel, John, Flack, Karen, Johnson, Brenda, Lemus, Guillermo, Umpierrez, Geetha, Maddukuri, Kenneth, Jamerson, Christopher, Case, Patrick, Fluck, Saeed, Kronfli, Violet, Habwe, Bala, Subramanian, Tariq, Shafi, Rupesh, Raina, Roland, Fernando, Sourabh, Kharait, Carlos, Hernandez-Cassis, Raymond, Fink, Jamal, Hammoud, Amer, Al-Karadsheh, Manuel, Montero, Philip, Nicol, Jesus, Navarro, Michael, Shanik, Zia, Din, Francisco, Gonzalez-Abreu, Sam, Lerman, Claude, Galphin, John, Evans, Ashwini, Gore, Radica, Alicic, Mandeep, Sahani, Roberto, Pisoni, Tuan-Huy, Tran, Jeffrey, Ryu, Harvey, Serota, Nilda, Neyra, Richard, O Donovan, Sreedhar, Mandayam, Moustafa, Moustafa, Mark, Smith, Arvind, Krishna, Arjun, Sinha, Anuj, Bhargava, Kodangudi, Ramanathan, Soni, Dhanireddy, Stephen, Thomson, Romanita, Nica, Emaad, Abdel-Rahman, Mark, Barney, Mariana, Markell, Nauman, Shahid, David, Oliver, Tran, Khanh, Pham Nguyen Son, Lam VAN Hoang, Boi Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen Minh Nui, Lan Phuong Tran, Fayzal, Ahmed, Dorothea, Urbach, Dirkie Jansen van Rensburg, Gracjan, Podgorski, Aslam, Amod, Sindeep, Bhana, Shaifali, Joshi, Essack, Mitha, Deepak, Lakha, Louis van Zyl, Trokis, J, Naresh, Ranjith, Mary, Seeber, Mohamed, Sarvan, Mohammed, Tayob, Brian, Rayner, Larry, Distiller, Heidi, Siebert, Mukesh, Joshi, Paul, Rheeder, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Gustavo Solache Ortiz, Gustavo Méndez Machado, Rafael Valdez Ortiz, Juan Villagordoa Mesa, Saúl Irizar Santana, Sandro Avila Pardo, Jorge Escobedo de la Peña, Guillermo González Gálvez, Leobardo Sauque Reyna, Miriam Bastidas Adrian, Guillermo Fanghänel Salmón, Ramiro Gutiérrez Ochoa, Luis Nevarez Ruiz, Gabriel Ramos López, Alfredo Chew Wong, Arturo Saldaña Mendoza, Pedro García Hernández, José González González, Melchor Alpizar Salazar, José Lazcano Soto, Amaury, Roman-Miranda, Gregorio, Cortes-Maisonet, Liana, Turcu, Adriana, Dumitrescu, Gabriela, Radulian, Hortensia, Barbonta, Cristina, Mistodie, Georgeta, Vacaru, Alexandrina, Popescu, Adrian, Vlad, Silvia, Paveliu, Nicoleta, Mindrescu, Adrian, Albota, Ella, Pintilei, Lavinia, Pop, Gabriela, Negrisanu, Doina, Catrinoiu, Cornelia, Bala, Amorin, Popa, Iosif, Szilagyi, Ciprian, Constantin, Elena, Caceaune, Adriana, Onaca, Li Yuan Lee, Nor Azizah Aziz, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed, Wan Hasnul Halimi Bin Wan Hasan, Jeyakantha, Ratnasingam, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik Ahmad, Rizmy Najme Khir, Norhaliza Mohd Ali, Masni, Mohamad, Chek Loong Loh, Joe, Eustace, John, Holian, Donal, Reddan, Yvonne, O Meara, Mensud, Hatunic, Zuzana, Ochodnicka, Dalibor, Sosovec, Andrej, Dzupina, Ingrid, Buganova, Jana, Babikova, Denisa, Spodniakova, Ruilope, L, Agarwal, R, Anker, S, Bakris, G, Filippatos, G, Nowack, C, Kolkhof, P, Joseph, A, Mentenich, N, Pitt, B, Trevisan, R, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, Diabetes Pathology & Therapy, and Diabetes Clinic

Subjects
Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Enfermedad cardiovascular, 030232 urology & nephrology, BAY 94-8862, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Diabete, Kidney, Aparato circulatorio, Azúcar, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Diabetic Nephropathies, Myocardial infarction, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aldosterone, Outcome, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, RISK, COMPLICATIONS, Diabetes, Middle Aged, SPIRONOLACTONE, CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE, Treatment Outcome, Mineralocorticoid, Nephrology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Design, Disease Progression, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Type 2, Glomerular Filtration Rate, medicine.medical_specialty, Finerenone, Naphthyridines/therapeutic use, Renal function, Outcomes, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical, Double-Blind Method, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Naphthyridines, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, ANTAGONIST, Sistema cardiovascular, Aged, Patient-Oriented, Translational Research: Research Article, Diabetic Nephropathies/complications, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy, RECEPTOR, Aldosterone, Clinical, Diabetes, Kidney, Mineralocorticoid, Outcomes, business.industry, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications, MILD, WORSENING RENAL-FUNCTION, EFFICACY, medicine.disease, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Spironolactone, Albuminuria, business, Kidney disease, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m2 and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.

Published
2019
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8. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in diabetes mellitus. Population-based study on ascertained infections, hospital admissions and mortality in an Italian region with ∼5 million inhabitants and ∼250,000 diabetic people.

Author

Bonora, Enzo, Fedeli, Ugo, Schievano, Elena, Trombetta, Maddalena, Saia, Mario, Scroccaro, Giovanna, Tacconelli, Evelina, and Zoppini, Giacomo

Abstract

Background and Aims: Diabetes conveys an increased risk of infectious diseases and related mortality. We investigated risk of ascertained SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetes subjects from the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy, as well as the risk of being admitted to hospital or intensive care unit (ICU), or mortality for COVID-19.Methods and Results: Diabetic subjects were identified by linkage of multiple health archives. The rest of the population served as reference. Information on ascertained infection by SARS-CoV-2, admission to hospital, admission to ICU and mortality in the period from February 21 to July 31, 2020 were retrieved from the regional registry of COVID-19. Subjects with ascertained diabetes were 269,830 (55.2% men; median age 72 years). Reference subjects were 4,681,239 (men 48.6%, median age 46 years). Ratios of age- and gender-standardized rates (RR) [95% CI] for ascertained infection, admission to hospital, admission to ICU and disease-related death in diabetic subjects were 1.31 [1.19-1.45], 2.11 [1.83-2.44], 2.45 [1.96-3.07], 1.87 [1.68-2.09], all p < 0.001. The highest RR of ascertained infection was observed in diabetic men aged 20-39 years: 1.90 [1.04-3.21]. The highest RR of ICU admission and death were observed in diabetic men aged 40-59 years: 3.47 [2.00-5.70] and 5.54 [2.23-12.1], respectively.Conclusions: These data, observed in a large population of ∼5 million people of whom ∼250,000 with diabetes, show that diabetes not only conveys a poorer outcome in COVID-19 but also confers an increased risk of ascertained infection from SARS-CoV-2. Men of young or mature age have the highest relative risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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9. Relationship of Chronic Vascular Complications with Beta-Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: The Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS)

Author

Dauriz, Marco, Trombetta, Maddalena, Santi, Lorenza, Boselli, Maria Linda, Brangani, Corinna, Pichiri, Isabella, Travia, Daniela, Cacciatori, Vittorio, Negri, Carlo, Stoico, Vincenzo, RICCARDO C. BONADONNA, and Bonora, Enzo

Subjects
Diabetes, Vascular Complications, beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance
Published
2017

10. Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in people with type 2 diabetes: The TOSCA.IT Study

Author

Vitale, M., Masulli, M., Rivellese, A. A., Bonora, E., Cappellini, F., Nicolucci, Andrea, Squatrito, S., Antenucci, D., Barrea, A., Bianchi, C., Bianchini, F., Fontana, L., Fornengo, P., Giorgino, F., Gnasso, A., Mannucci, E., Mazzotti, A., Nappo, R., Palena, A. P., Pata, P., Perriello, G., Potenziani, S., Radin, R., Ricci, L., Romeo, F., Santini, C., Scarponi, M., Serra, Riccardo, Timi, A., Turco, A. A., Vedovato, M., Zavaroni, D., Grioni, S., Riccardi, G., Vaccaro, O., Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Cocozza, Sara, Auciello, Stefania, Turco, Anna Amelia, Bonora, Enzo, Cigolini, Massimo, Pichiri, Isabella, Brangani, Corinna, Tomasetto, Elena, Perriello, Gabriele, Timi, Alessia, Squatrito, Sebastiano, Sinagra, Tiziana, Longhitano, Sara, Tropea, Vanessa, Ballardini, Giorgio, Babini, Anna Carla, Ripani, Raffaella, Gregori, Giovanna, Dolci, Maria, Bruselli, Laura, Salutini, Isabella, Mori, Mary, Baccetti, Fabio, Lapolla, Annunziata, Sartore, Giovanni, Burlina, Silvia, Chilelli, Nino Cristiano, Buzzetti, Raffaella, Venditti, Chiara, Potenziani, Stella, Carlone, Angela, Galluzzoâ€&nbsp, Aldo, Giordano, Carla, Torregrossa, Vittoria, Corsi, Laura, Cuneo, Giacomo, Corsi, Simona, Tizio, Biagio, Clemente, Gennaro, Citro, Giuseppe, Natale, Maria, Salvatore, Vita, Di Cianni, Graziano, Lacaria, Emilia, Russo, Laura, Iannarelli, Rossella, de Gregorio, Antonella, Sciarretta, Filomena, D’Andrea, Settimio, Montani, Valeria, Cannarsa, Emanuela, Dolcetti, Katia, Cordera, Renzo, Bonabello, Laura Affinito, Mazzucchelli, Chiara, Giorda, Carlo Bruno, Romeo, Francesco, Bonetto, Caterina, Antenucci, Daniela, Baldassarre, Maria Pompea Antonia, Iovine, Ciro, Nappo, Rossella, Ciano, Ornella, Dall’Aglio, Elisabetta, Mancastroppa, Giovanni, Grimaldi, Franco, Tonutti, Laura, Boemi, Massimo, D’Angelo, Federica, Leotta, Sergio, Fontana, Lucia, Lauro, Davide, Rinaldi, Maria Elena, Cignarelli, Mauro, la Macchia, Olga, Fariello, Stefania, Tomasi, Franco, Zamboni, Chiara, Dozio, Nicoletta, Trevisan, Roberto, Scaranna, Cristiana, Del Prato, Stefano, Miccoli, Roberto, Bianchi, Cristina, Garofolo, Monia, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Salvi, Laura, Rangel, Graziela, Vitale, Martina, Anichini, Roberto, Tedeschi, Anna, Corsini, Elisa, Cucinotta, Domenico, Di Benedetto, Antonino, Giunta, Loretta, Ruffo, Maria Concetta, Bossi, Antonio Carlo, Carpinter, Rita, Dotta, Francesco, Ceccarelli, Elena, Bartolo, Paolo Di, Caselli, Chiara, Luberto, Alessandra, Santini, Costanza, Mazzotti, Arianna, Calbucci, Giovanni, Consoli, Agostino, Ginestra, Federica, Calabrese, Maria, Zogheri, Alessia, Ricci, Lucia, Giorgino, Francesco, Laviola, Luigi, Ippolito, Claudia, Tarantino, Lucia, Avogaro, Angelo, Vedovato, Monica, Gnasso, Agostino, Carallo, Claudio, Scicchitano, Caterina, Zavaroni, Donatella, Livraga, Stefania, Perin, Paolo Cavallo, Forrnengo, Paolo, Prinzis, Tania, de Cosmo, Salvatore, Palena, Antonio Pio, Bacci, Simonetta, Mannucci, Edoardo, Lamanna, Caterina, Pata, Pietro, Lettina, Gabriele, Aiello, Antimo, Barrea, Angelina, Lalli, Carlo, Scarponi, Maura, Franzetti, Ivano, Radin, Raffaella, Serra, Rosalia, Petrachi, Francesca, Asprino, Vincenzo, Capra, Claudio, Forte, Elisa, Reggiani, Giulio Marchesini, Forlani, Gabriele, Montesi, Luca, Mazzella, Natalia, Piatti, Pier Marco, Monti, Lucilla, Stuccillo, Michela, Auletta, Pasquale, Petraroli, Ettore, Capobianco, Giuseppe, Romano, Geremia, Cutolo, Michele, de Simone, Giosetta, Caiazzo, Gennaro, Nunziata, Peppe, Sorrentino, Susy, Amelia, Umberto, Calatola, Pasqualino, Capuano, Gelsomina, Vitale, M, Masulli, M, Rivellese, AA, Bonora, E, Cappellini, F, Nicolucci, A, Squatrito, S, Antenucci, D, Barrea, A, Bianchi, C, Bianchini, F, Fontana, L, Fornengo,P, Giorgino, F, Gnasso, A, Mannucci, Mazzotti, A, Nappo, R, Palena, AP, Pata, P,Perriello, G, Potenziani, S, Radin, R, Ricci, L, Romeo, F, Santini, C, Scarponi, M, Serra, R, Timi, A, Turco, AA, Vedovato, M, Zavaroni, D, Grioni, S, Riccardi, G, Vaccaro, O, TOSCA.IT Study Group., Giordano, C., Rivellese, Aa, Fornengo, P, Mannucci, E, Mazzotti, A, Nappo, R, Palena, Ap, Pata, P, Perriello, G, Turco, Aa, Tosc, A. IT Study Group., Rivellese, A, Palena, A, Turco, A, Cocozza, S, Auciello, S, Cigolini, M, Pichiri, I, Brangani, C, Tomasetto, E, Sinagra, T, Longhitano, S, Tropea, V, Ballardini, G, Babini, A, Ripani, R, Gregori, G, Dolci, M, Bruselli, L, Salutini, I, Mori, M, Baccetti, F, Lapolla, A, Sartore, G, Burlina, S, Chilelli, N, Buzzetti, R, Venditti, C, Carlone, A, Galluzzo, A, Giordano, C, Torregrossa, V, Corsi, L, Cuneo, G, Corsi, S, Tizio, B, Galluzzo, G, Citro, G, Natale, M, Salvatore, V, Di Cianni, G, Lacaria, E, Russo, L, Iannarelli, R, De Gregorio, A, Sciarretta, F, D'Andrea, S, Montani, V, Cannarsa, E, Dolcetti, K, Cordera, R, Bonabello, L, Mazzucchelli, C, Giorda, C, Bonetto, C, Baldassarre, M, Iovine, C, Ciano, O, Dall'Aglio, E, Mancastroppa, G, Grimaldi, F, Tonutti, L, Boemi, M, D'Angelo, F, Leotta, S, Lauro, D, Rinaldi, M, Cignarelli, M, La Macchia, O, Fariello, S, Tomasi, F, Zamboni, C, Dozio, N, Trevisan, R, Scaranna, C, Del Prato, S, Miccoli, R, Garofolo, M, Pugliese, G, Salvi, L, Rangel, G, Anichini, R, Tedeschi, A, Corsini, E, Cucinotta, D, Di Benedetto, A, Giunta, L, Ruffo, M, Bossi, A, Carpinter, R, Dotta, F, Ceccarelli, E, Bartolo, P, Caselli, C, Luberto, A, Calbucci, G, Consoli, A, Ginestra, F, Calabrese, M, Zogheri, A, Laviola, L, Ippolito, C, Tarantino, L, Avogaro, A, Carallo, C, Scicchitano, C, Livraga, S, Perin, P, Forrnengo, P, Prinzis, T, De Cosmo, S, Bacci, S, Lamanna, C, Lettina, G, Aiello, A, Lalli, C, Franzetti, I, Petrachi, F, Asprino, V, Capra, C, Forte, E, Reggiani, G, Forlani, G, Montesi, L, Mazzella, N, Piatti, P, Monti, L, Stuccillo, M, Auletta, P, Petraroli, E, Capobianco, G, Romano, G, Cutolo, M, De Simone, G, Caiazzo, G, Nunziata, P, Sorrentino, S, Amelia, U, Calatola, P, and Capuano, G

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Age, BMI, Diabetes, Diet, Flavonoids, Food groups, Geographical area, Intake, Phenolic acids, Polyphenols, TOSCA.IT study, Aged, Antioxidants, Beverages, Cinnamates, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Databases, Factual, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Flavonoids, Fruit, Glycosides, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritive Value, Phenols, Polyphenols, Diet, Diabetic, Diet, Healthy, Patient Compliance, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Databases, Factual, Cross-sectional study, Medicine (miscellaneous), Type 2 diabetes, Diabete, Antioxidants, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, Food group, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Diet, Diabetic, Medicine, Food science, Glycosides, Age, BMI, Diabetes, Diet, Flavonoids, Food groups, Geographical area, Intake, Phenolic acids, Polyphenols, TOSCA.IT study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Phenolic acid, food and beverages, Middle Aged, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Diabetes, Food groups, Diet, Age, BMI, Geographical area, Intake, TOSCA.IT study, Italy, Tosca,Age,BMI,Diabetes,Diet,Flavonoids,Food groups,Geographical area,Intake,Phenolic acids,Polyphenols,TOSCA.IT study, Cohort, Female, Diet, Healthy, Nutritive Value, Cohort study, Polyphenol, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Beverages, 03 medical and health sciences, Phenols, Diabetes mellitus, Humans, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Tosca, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cinnamates, Fruit, Flavonoid, Patient Compliance, business
Abstract

Purpose: Proper evaluation of polyphenols intake at the population level is a necessary step in order to establish possible associations with health outcomes. Available data are limited, and so far no study has been performed in people with diabetes. The aim of this work was to document the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and in socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: We studied 2573 men and women aged 50–75 years. Among others, anthropometry was measured by standard protocol and dietary habits were investigated by food frequency questionnaire (EPIC). The intake of polyphenols was evaluated using US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases. Results: The mean total polyphenol intake was 683.3 ± 5.8 mg/day. Non-alcoholic beverages represented the main food source of dietary polyphenols and provided 35.5% of total polyphenol intake, followed by fruits (23.0%), alcoholic beverages (14.0%), vegetables (12.4%), cereal products and tubers (4.6%), legumes (3.7%) and oils (2.1%); chocolate, cakes and nuts are negligible sources of polyphenols in this cohort. The two most important polyphenol classes contributing to the total intake were flavonoids (47.5%) and phenolic acids (47.4%). Polyphenol intake increased with age and education level and decreased with BMI; furthermore, in the northern regions of Italy, the polyphenol intake was slightly, but significantly higher than in the central or southern regions. Conclusions: The study documents for the first time the intake of polyphenols and their main food sources in people with diabetes using validated and complete databases of the polyphenol content of food. Compared with published data, collected in people without diabetes, these results suggest a lower intake and a different pattern of intake in people with diabetes. © 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Published
2016
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11. Glucose-lowering therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome.

Author

Avogaro, Angelo, Bonora, Enzo, Consoli, Agostino, Del Prato, Stefano, Genovese, Stefano, and Giorgino, Francesco

Abstract

Diabetes is a common comorbidity in patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome event, and prevalence is increasing. Among patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction, diabetes can be an independent predictor of mortality and new cardiovascular events; both short- and long-term outcomes are worse for patients with diabetes relative to those without, and undiagnosed diabetes is associated with greater mortality. The impact of glycemic control on cardiovascular outcomes and the best approach to treat hyperglycemia upon hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome in patients with or without known diabetes remain open questions. This review assesses available evidence for hyperglycemia management at the time of admission for acute coronary syndrome and, thereafter, finds that (1) admission plasma glucose plays a role in predicting adverse events, especially in patients with unknown diabetes; (2) glycated haemoglobin is a likely predictor of events in patients with unknown diabetes; and (3) hypoglycemia at the time of acute myocardial infarction hospital admission is an important predictor for mortality in patients with and without diabetes. Whether glucose-targeted insulin and glucose infusion have advantages over glucose–insulin–potassium infusion remains controversial. Evidence for the effect of novel glucose-lowering agents used at the time of an acute cardiovascular event is limited and requires more dedicated studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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12. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Author

Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, Gm, Carnahan, E, Stevens, Ga, Cowan, Mj, Farzadfar, F, Lin, Jk, Finucane, Mm, Rao, M, Khang, Yh, Riley, Lm, Mozaffarian, D, Lim, Ss, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, Na, Rahim, Hf, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, Mm, Agabiti Rosei, E, Salinas, Ca, Agyemang, C, Ali, Mk, Ali, Mm, Al Nsour, M, Al Nuaim AR, Ambady, R, Di Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, Bv, Bahalim, An, Barbagallo, Cm, Barbieri, Ma, Barceló, A, Barreto, Sm, Barros, H, Bautista, Le, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Ma, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, Mm, Broda, G, Brown, Ij, Bursztyn, M, de León AC, Campos, H, Cappuccio, Fp, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, Cj, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, Cj, Chen, Z, Choi, Js, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, Lj, Cooper, Rs, Corsi, Am, Costanza, Mc, Craig, Cl, Dankner, Rs, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, Gh, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, Ch, Fan, Jg, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, Jo, Florez, Hj, Fornés, Ns, Fowkes, Fg, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, Fd, Fuller, El, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, Lf, Gomez Zumaquero JM, Graff Iversen, S, Grant, Jf, Carvajal, Rg, Gulliford, Mc, Gupta, R, Gupta, Pc, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, Hr, Hansen, Tw, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, Wh, Herrera, Vm, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, Gh, Hopman, Wm, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, Mm, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, Bk, Jaddou, Hy, Jafar, Th, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, Mr, Jonas, Jb, Kadiki, Oa, Kalter Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, Rm, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, Mj, Katz, J, Keinan Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, Kw, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, Mp, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Ys, Lam, Th, Langhammer, A, Lawes, Cm, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, To, Lin, X, Lin, Cc, 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Subjects
Male, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, kidney disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, humanos, coste de las enfermedades, Disease, Global Health, Cohort Studies, Endocrinology, Cost of Illness, cardiovascular disease, Health Transition, Risk Factors, transición sanitaria, estudios prospectivos, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, evaluación de riesgos, Renal Insufficiency, Prospective Studies, Chronic, estudios de cohortes, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, diabetes, Mortality rate, Age Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Complications, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Metabolic Syndrome X, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, Cardiovascular disease,Diabetes Mellitus, chronic kidney disease, Diabetes Complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Diabetes and Metabolism, encuestas de salud, análisis temporoespacial, Risk assessment, complicaciones de la diabetes, insuficiencia renal, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mortality, Population, enfermedades cardiovasculares, Metabolic Syndrome X -- complications -- epidemiology -- mortality, Article, chronic kidney disease, mortality, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, factores de riesgo, Risk factor, education, business.industry, medicine.disease, Relative risk, Cardiovascular Diseases/complications, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality, Diabetes Complications/epidemiology, Diabetes Complications/mortality, Metabolic Syndrome X/complications, Metabolic Syndrome X/epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome X/mortality, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2014
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13. Sex differences in the association of psychological status with measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Author

Indelicato, Liliana, Dauriz, Marco, Bacchi, Elisabetta, Donà, Silvia, Santi, Lorenza, Negri, Carlo, Cacciatori, Vittorio, Bonora, Enzo, Nouwen, Arie, and Moghetti, Paolo

Subjects
PSYCHOMETRICS, PHYSICAL activity, DIABETES in adolescence, SEDENTARY behavior, TYPE 2 diabetes treatment
Abstract

Aim: To assess the association of psychological variables on leisure-time physical activity and sedentary time in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 163 patients with T2D, consecutively recruited at the Diabetes Centre of the Verona General Hospital. Scores on depression and anxiety symptoms, psychosocial factors (including self-efficacy, perceived interference, perceived severity, social support, misguided support behaviour, spouse’s positive behaviour), physical activity and time spent sitting were ascertained using questionnaires responses to the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results: Physical activity was significantly associated with higher social support in women and with increased self-efficacy in men. Sedentary time was significantly associated with higher perceived interference, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and with reduced diabetes self-efficacy in women, while it was associated solely with anxiety in men. Depressive symptoms and self-efficacy in women and anxiety symptoms in men were independent predictors of sedentary time when entered in a multivariable regression model also including age, BMI, haemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, perceived interference and self-efficacy as covariates.Conclusions: Lower self-efficacy and higher symptoms of depression were closely associated with increased sedentary time in women, but not in men, with T2D. It is possible that individualized behavioural interventions designed to reduce depressive symptoms and to improve diabetes self-efficacy would ultimately reduce sedentary behaviours, particularly in women with T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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16. International Expert Committee Report on the role of A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes

Author

Nathan, David M., Beverly, Balkau, Bonora, Enzo, Knut Borch Johnsen, Buse, John B., Stephen, Colagiuri, Davidson, Mayer B., Ralph, Defronzo, Saul, Genuth, Holman, Rury R., Linong, Ji, Sue, Kirkman, Knowler, William C., Desmond, Schatz, Jonathan, Shaw, Eugene, Sobngwi, Michael, Steffes, Olga, Vaccaro, Nick, Wareham, Bernard, Zinman, and Richard, Kahn

Subjects
diabetes, diagnosis diabetes, hba1c
Published
2009

17. Prognostic Impact of Diabetes on Long-term Survival Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis.

Author

Dauriz, Marco, Mantovani, Alessandro, Bonapace, Stefano, Verlato, Giuseppe, Zoppini, Giacomo, Bonora, Enzo, and Targher, Giovanni

Subjects
DIABETES, MORTALITY, HEART failure patients, RANDOM effects model, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, REGRESSION analysis, PROGNOSIS, BIOLOGICAL assay, CLINICAL trials, HEART failure, HOSPITAL care, META-analysis, DISEASE incidence, ACQUISITION of data, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Objective: Several studies have explored the impact of diabetes on mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the extent to which diabetes may confer risk of mortality and hospitalization in this patient population remains imperfectly known. Here we examine the independent prognostic impact of diabetes on the long-term risk of mortality and hospitalization in patients with HF.Research Design and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1990 to October 2016 were the data sources used. We included large (n ≥1,000) observational registries and randomized controlled trials with a follow-up duration of at least 1 year. Eligible studies were selected according to predefined keywords and clinical outcomes. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling.Results: A total of 31 registries and 12 clinical trials with 381,725 patients with acute and chronic HF and 102,036 all-cause deaths over a median follow-up of 3 years were included in the final analysis. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death (random-effects hazard ratio [HR] 1.28 [95% CI 1.21, 1.35]), cardiovascular death (1.34 [1.20, 1.49]), hospitalization (1.35 [1.20, 1.50]), and the combined end point of all-cause death or hospitalization (1.41 [1.29, 1.53]). The impact of diabetes on mortality and hospitalization was greater in patients with chronic HF than in those with acute HF. Limitations included high heterogeneity and varying degrees of confounder adjustment across individual studies.Conclusions: This updated meta-analysis shows that the presence of diabetes per se adversely affects long-term survival and risk of hospitalization in patients with acute and chronic HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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18. Continued efforts to translate diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials into clinical practice.

Author

Avogaro, Angelo, Fadini, Gian Paolo, Sesti, Giorgio, Bonora, Enzo, and Del Prato, Stefano

Subjects
PEOPLE with diabetes, DIABETES, MORTALITY, CARDIOVASCULAR disease treatment, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, HEMOGLOBINS, CLINICAL trials, GLUCAGON-like peptide-1 agonists
Abstract

Diabetic patients suffer from a high rate of cardiovascular events and such risk increases with HbA1c. However, lowering HbA1c does not appear to yield the same benefit on macrovascular endpoints, as observed for microvascular endpoints. As the number of glucose-lowering medications increases, clinicians have to consider several open questions in the management of type 2 diabetes, one of which is the cardiovascular risk profile of each regimen. Recent placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have responded to some of these questions, but careful interpretation is needed. After general disappointment around CVOTs assessing safety of DPP-4 inhibitors (SAVOR, TECOS, EXAMINE) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide (ELIXA), the EMPA-REG Outcome trial and the LEADER trial have shown superiority of the SGLT2-I empagliflozin and the GLP-1RA liraglutide, respectively, on the 3-point MACE outcome (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and cardiovascular, as well as all-cause mortality. While available mechanistic studies largely support a cardioprotective effect of GLP-1, the ability of SGLT2 inhibitor(s) to prevent cardiovascular death was unexpected and deserves future investigation. We herein review the results of completed CVOTs of glucose-lowering medications and suggest a possible treatment algorithm based on cardiac and renal co-morbidities to translate CVOT findings into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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19. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in a Cohort of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: The Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS).

Author

Zoppini, Giacomo, Cacciatori, Vittorio, Raimondo, Daniele, Gemma, Marialuisa, Trombetta, Maddalena, Dauriz, Marco, Brangani, Corinna, Pichiri, Isabella, Negri, Carlo, Stoico, Vincenzo, Bergamini, Corinna, Targher, Giovanni, Santi, Lorenza, Thomaseth, Karl, Bellavere, Federico, Bonadonna, Riccardo C., and Bonora, Enzo

Subjects
DIABETES, DISEASE prevalence, DIABETIC neuropathies, PEOPLE with diabetes, DIABETES complications
Abstract

Cardiovascular autonomic diabetic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious complication of diabetes. No reliable data on the prevalence of CAN among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes are available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CAN among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of 557 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular autonomic test results available was selected. Early and confirmed neuropathy were assessed using a standardized methodology and their prevalences determined. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was modeled to study the factors associated with CAN. RESULTS In the entire cohort, the prevalence of confirmed CAN was 1.8%, whereas that of early CAN was 15.3%. Prevalence did not differ between men and women. In the multivariate analyses BMI results were independently and significantly associated with CAN after adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, pulse pressure, triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, kidney function parameters, and antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS CAN could be detected very early in type 2 diabetes. This study may suggest the importance of performing standardized cardiovascular autonomic tests after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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20. Distribution of cardiovascular disease and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes according to different classification systems for chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the renal insufficiency and cardiovascular events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study

Author

Pugliese, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Orsi, Emanuela, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Gruden, Gabriella, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, and Penno, Giuseppe

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, DIABETIC retinopathy, TYPE 2 diabetes, DIABETES, KIDNEY diseases, VERTEBROBASILAR insufficiency
Abstract

Background: The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF's KDOQI) staging system for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is based primarily on estimated GFR (eGFR). This study aimed at assessing whether reclassification of subjects with type 2 diabetes using two recent classifications based on both eGFR and albuminuria, the Alberta Kidney Disease Network (AKDN) and the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), provides a better definition of burden from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) than the NKF's KDOQI classification. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 15,773) from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicenter Study, consecutively visiting 19 Diabetes Clinics throughout Italy in years 2007-2008. Exclusion criteria were dialysis or renal transplantation. CKD was defined based on eGFR, as calculated from serum creatinine by the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation, and albuminuria, as measured by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry. DR was assessed by dilated fundoscopy. Prevalent CVD, total and by vascular bed, was assessed from medical history by recording previous documented major acute events. Results: Though prevalence of complications increased with increasing CKD severity with all three classifications, it differed significantly between NKF's KDOQI stages and AKDN or KDIGO risk categories. The AKDN and KDIGO systems resulted in appropriate reclassification of uncomplicated patients in the lowest risk categories and a more graded independent association with CVD and DR than the NKF's KDOQI classification. However, CVD, but not DR prevalence was higher in the lowest risk categories of the new classifications than in the lowest stages of the NKF's KDOQI, due to the inclusion of subjects with reduced eGFR without albuminuria. CVD prevalence differed also among eGFR and albuminuria categories grouped into AKDN and KDIGO risk category 1 and moderate, respectively, and to a lesser extent into higher risk categories. Conclusions: Though the new systems perform better than the NKF's KDOQI in grading complications and identifying diabetic subjects without complications, they might underestimate CVD burden in patients assigned to lower risk categories and should be tested in large prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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21. One size does not fit all glycemic targets for type 2 diabetes.

Author

Pozzilli, Paolo, Strollo, Rocky, and Bonora, Enzo

Subjects
GLYCEMIC index, TYPE 2 diabetes, CARBOHYDRATE intolerance, CLINICAL trials
Abstract

The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, and Diabetes Control and Complications Trial have shown that aggressive glucose control, especially early in the natural history of the disease, might result in a significant reduction of microvascular as well as macrovascular complications. However, more recent trials have increased the level of complexity of the relationship between 'tight glucose control/chronic complications', with several factors influencing the risk-to-benefit ratio to be considered, such as age, presence of established complications and diabetes duration. According to this strategy, a more intensive goal is desirable for young patients with no cardiovascular disease, whereas less stringent control is suitable for all people who are relatively late in the natural history of diabetic complications. Numerous calls for an individualized therapy have been proposed during the past years, but still debated is the level of glucose lowering necessary to reduce complications balanced by the risk and costs of the means used. The present paper briefly reviews the rationale and the clinical trials that support specific glycemic goals towards a 'tailored' approach for the management of hyperglycemia in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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22. HbA1c Variability as an Independent Correlate of Nephropathy, but Not Retinopathy, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Author

PENNO, GIUSEPPE, SOLINI, ANNA, BONORA, ENZO, FONDELLI, CECILIA, ORSI, EMANUELA, ZERBINI, GIANPAOLO, MORANO, SUSANNA, CAVALOT, FRANCO, LAMACCHIA, OLGA, LAVIOLA, LUIGI, NICOLUCCI, ANTONIO, and PUGLIESE, GIUSEPPE

Subjects
GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, DIABETES, DIABETIC retinopathy, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, KIDNEY diseases
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c variability with microvascular complications in the large cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Serial (3-5) HbA1c values collected in a 2-year period before enrollment were available from 8,260 subjects from 9 centers (of 15,773 patients from 19 centers). HbA1c variability was measured as the intraindividual SD of 4.52 6 0.76 values. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed by dilated funduscopy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined based on albuminuria, as measured by immunonephelometry or immuno-turbidimetry, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine. RESULTS--Median and interquartile range of average HbA1c (HbA1c-MEAN) and HbA1c-SD were 7.57% (6.86-8.38) and 0.46% (0.29-0.74), respectively. The highest prevalence of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, reduced eGFR, albuminuric CKD phenotypes, and advanced DR was observed when both HbA1c parameters were above the median and the lowest when both were below the median. Logistic regression analyses showed that HbA1c-SD adds to HbA1c-MEAN as an independent correlate of microalbuminuria and stages 1-2 CKD and is an independent predictor of macroalbuminuria, reduced eGFR, and stages 3-5 albuminuric CKD, whereas HbA1c-MEAN is not. The opposite was found for DR, whereas neither HbA1c-MEAN nor HbA1c-SD affected nonalbuminuric CKD. CONCLUSIONSdIn patients with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c variability affects (albuminuric) CKD more than average HbA1c, whereas only the latter parameter affects DR, thus suggesting a variable effect of these measures on microvascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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23. Metabolic Effects of Aerobic Training and Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.

Author

Bacchi, Elisabetta, Negri, Carlo, Zanolin, Maria Elizabetta, Milanese, Chiara, Faccioli, Niccolo, Trombetta, Maddalena, Zoppini, Giacomo, Cevese, Antonio, Bonadonna, Riccardo C., Schena, Federico, Bonora, Enzo, Lanza, Massimo, and Moghetti, Paolo

Subjects
AEROBIC exercises, TYPE 2 diabetes, PHENOTYPES, PEOPLE with diabetes, DIABETES
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To assess differences between the effects of aerobic and resistance training on HbA1c (primary outcome) and several metabolic risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes, and to identify predictors of exercise-induced metabolic improvement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 40) were randomly assigned to aerobic training or resistance training. Before and after 4 months of intervention, metabolic phenotypes (including HbA1c, glucose clamp-measured insulin sensitivity, and oral glucose tolerance test-assessed β-cell function), body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength were measured. RESULTS-- After training, increase in peak oxygen consumption(VO2peak) was greater in the aerobic group (time-by-group interaction P = 0.045), whereas increase in strength was greater in the resistance group (time-by-group interaction P < 0.0001). HbA1c was similarly reduced in both groups (20.40% [95% CI 20.61 to 20.18] vs. 20.35% [20.59 to 20.10], respectively). Total and truncal fat, VAT, and SAT were also similarly reduced in both groups, whereas insulin sensitivity and lean limb mass were similarly increased. β-Cell function showed no significant changes. In multivariate analyses, improvement in HbA1c after training was independently predicted by baseline HbA1c and by changes in VO2peak and truncal fat. CONCLUSIONS--Resistance training, similarly to aerobic training, improves metabolic features and insulin sensitivity and reduces abdominal fat in type 2 diabetic patients. Changes after training in VO2peak and truncal fat may be primary determinants of exercise-induced metabolic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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24. CACNA1E Variants Affect Beta Cell Function in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. The Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS) 3.

Author

Trombetta, Maddalena, Bonetti, Sara, Boselli, MariaLinda, Turrini, Fabiola, Malerba, Giovanni, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Pignatti, PierFranco, Bonora, Enzo, and Bonadonna, Riccardo C.

Subjects
PANCREATIC beta cells, DIABETES, INSULIN, PHENOTYPES, PEPTIDES, GLUCOSE
Abstract

Background: Genetic variability of the major subunit (CACNA1E) of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel CaV2.3 is associated to risk of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects. The aim of the study was to test whether CACNA1E common variability affects beta cell function and/or insulin sensitivity in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methodology/Principal Findings: In 595 GAD-negative, drug naïve patients (mean±SD; age: 58.5610.2 yrs; BMI: 29.9±5 kg/m², HbA1c: 7.0±1.3) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes we: 1. genotyped 10 tag SNPs in CACNA1E region reportedly covering ∼93% of CACNA1E common variability: rs558994, rs679931, rs2184945, rs10797728, rs3905011, rs12071300, rs175338, rs3753737, rs2253388 and rs4652679; 2. assessed clinical phenotypes, insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic insulin clamp and beta cell function by state-of-art modelling of glucose/C-peptide curves during OGTT. Five CACNA1E tag SNPs (rs10797728, rs175338, rs2184945, rs3905011 and rs4652679) were associated with specific aspects of beta cell function (p<0.05-0.01). Both major alleles of rs2184945 and rs3905011 were each (p<0.01 and p<0.005, respectively) associated to reduced proportional control with a demonstrable additive effect (p<0.005). In contrast, only the major allele of rs2253388 was related weakly to more severe insulin resistance (p<0.05). Conclusions/Significance: In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes CACNA1E common variability is strongly associated to beta cell function. Genotyping CACNA1E might be of help to infer the beta cell functional phenotype and to select a personalized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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25. Serum Uric Acid Levels and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function.

Author

Zoppini, Giacomo, Targher, Giovanni, Chonchol, Michel, Ortalda, Vittorio, Abaterusso, Cataldo, Pichiri, Isabella, Negri, Carlo, and Bonora, Enzo

Subjects
URIC acid, HYPERURICEMIA, KIDNEY diseases, DIABETES, PEOPLE with diabetes
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--Recent studies have suggested an association between hyperuricemia and adverse renal outcomes in nondiabetic populations. Data on the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetic patients with normal or near-normal kidney function are lacking. We determined whether baseline serumuric acid levels predict the subsequent development of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We followed 1,449 type 2 diabetic patients with normal kidney function and without overt proteinuria for 5 years for the occurrence of incident CKD (defined as overt proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m²). RESULTS--During a 5-year follow-up period, 194 (13.4%) patients developed incident CKD. The cumulative incidence of CKD was significantly greater in patients with hyperuricemia than in those without hyperuricemia (29.5 vs. 11.4%, P < 0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of hyperuricemia roughly doubled the risk of developing CKD (odds ratio [OR] 2.55 [95% CI 1.71-3.85], P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, insulin therapy, HbA1c, eGFR, and albuminuria, hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (adjusted OR 2.10 [1.16-3.76], P < 0.01). In continuous analyses, a 1-SD increment in the serum uric acid level was significantly associated with a 21% increased risk of CKD. CONCLUSIONS--In type 2 diabetic individuals with preserved kidney function, hyperuricemia seems to be an independent risk factor for the development of incident CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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26. Diverging Association of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria With Coronary and Noncoronary Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Orsi, Emanuela, Arosio, Maura, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cignarelli, Mauro, Andreozzi, Francesco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Subjects
GLOMERULAR filtration rate, KIDNEY function tests, KIDNEY glomerulus, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, DIABETES
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--Although a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was shown to be a powerful independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), other studies suggested that it confers a much lower risk than albuminuria alone, whereas the combination of the two abnormalities is associated with multiplicative risk. This study aimed at assessing the independent association of previous CVD events, either total or by vascular bed, with eGFR and albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) phenotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--This cross-sectional study evaluated 15,773 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study in 19 outpatient diabetes clinics in years 2007-2008. Albuminuria was assessed by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry. GFR was estimated by the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study and the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CKD was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² or micro- or macroalbuminuria. Major acute CVD events were adjudicated based on hospital discharge records or specialist visits. RESULTS--CVD risk increased linearly with eGFR decline and albuminuria and became significant for values <78mL/min/1.73m² and ≥10.5mg/24 h, respectively. Beyond traditional CVD risk factors, total CVD showed an independent association with albuminuria alone (odds ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.08- 1.33]), reduced eGFR alone (1.52 [1.34-1.73]), and both abnormalities (1.90 [1.66-2.19]). However, coronary events were associated predominantly with reduced eGFR alone, whereas cerebrovascular and peripheral events showed a stronger correlation with the albuminuric CKD phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS--These data, although cross-sectional, show that reduced eGFR, irrespective of albuminuria, is associated with significant CVD, particularly in the coronary district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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28. The metabolic syndrome: Is it still alive?

Author

Bonora, Enzo

Subjects
*METABOLIC syndrome, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, *DIABETES, *INSULIN resistance
Abstract

Abstract: The metabolic syndrome is very common in the general population and is defined by the clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Central obesity and insulin resistance are underlying disorders of the syndrome as well as further risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, a panel of novel, non-traditional risk factors are ancillary features of the metabolic syndrome. They include biomarkers of chronic mild inflammation (e.g., C-reactive protein), oxidant stress (e.g., oxidized low density lipoprotein), thrombophilia (e.g., Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1), abnormal adipocyte activity (e.g., adiponectin), and endothelial dysfunction (e.g., E-selectin). Therefore, subjects with the metabolic syndrome are potentially at high risk of developing atherosclerosis and clinical cardiovascular events. In recent years several longitudinal studies have confirmed that subjects with the metabolic syndrome present with atherosclerosis and suffer from myocardial infarction and stroke at rates higher than subjects without the syndrome. The risk of cardiovascular disease is particularly high in women with the syndrome and in subjects with pre-existing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, an increased risk is already present in subjects with a cluster of multiple mild abnormalities. The risk related to the metabolic syndrome is definitely higher when subjects affected are compared to subjects free of any metabolic abnormality. Although many aspects related to the metabolic syndrome need to be better elucidated, and several concerns recently raised about the syndrome need to be adequately addressed by further investigations, the clinical value of identifying subjects with this common metabolic condition seems fully valid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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29. Population-Based Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in White Individuals.

Author

Bonora, Enzo, Kiechl, Stefan, Willeit, Johann, Oberhollenzer, Friedrich, Egger, Georg, Meigs, James B., Bonadonna, Riccardo C., and Muggeo, Michele

Subjects
*DIABETES, *DISEASE risk factors, *WHITE people, *ITALIANS, *GLUCOSE tolerance tests, *INSULIN resistance
Abstract

Incidence rates and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in low-risk populations are not well documented. We investigated these in white individuals who were aged 40-79 years and from the population of Bruneck, Italy. Of an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 1,000 individuals who were identified in 1990, 919 underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an assessment of physiological risk factors for diabetes, including insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR), and postchallenge insulin response (Sluiter's Index). Diabetes at baseline by fasting or 2-h OGTT plasma glucose (World Health Organization criteria, n = 82) was excluded, leaving 837 individuals who were followed for 10 years. Incident cases of diabetes were ascertained by confirmed diabetes treatment or a fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l. At follow-up, 64 individuals had developed diabetes, corresponding to a population-standardized incidence rate of 7.6 per 1,000 person-years. Sexand age-adjusted incidence rates were elevated ll-fold in individuals with impaired fasting glucose at baseline, 4-fold in those with impaired glucose tolerance, 3-fold in overweight individuals, 10-fold in obese individuals, and ∼2-fold in individuals with dyslipidemia or hypertension. Incidence rates increased with increasing HOMA-IR and decreasing Sluiter's Index. As compared with normal insulin sensitivity and normal insulin response, individuals with low insulin sensitivity and low insulin response had a sevenfold higher risk of diabetes. Baseline impaired fasting glucose, BMI, HOMA-IR, and Slulter's Index were the only independent predictors of incident diabetes in multivariate analyses. We conclude that ∼1% of European white individuals aged 40-79 years develop type 2 diabetes annually and that "subdiabetic" hyperglycemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin response to glucose are independent predictors of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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30. Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.

Author

De Marco, Roberto, Locatelli, Francesca, Zoppini, Giacomo, Verlato, Giuseppe, Bonora, Enzo, and Muggeo, Michele

Subjects
DIABETES, PEOPLE with diabetes, MORTALITY
Abstract

Presents information on a study which investigated the mortality from specific causes in known non-insulin-dependent or type two diabetic patients. Research design and methods; Results; Conclusions.

Published
1999
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31. Quality of Diabetes Care in Italy: Information From a Large Population- Based Multiregional Observatory (ARNO Diabetes).

Author

Bruno, Graziella, Bonora, Enzo, Miccoli, Roberto, Vaccaro, Olga, Rossi, Elisa, Bernardi, Davide, De Rosa, Marisa, and Marchesini, Giulio

Subjects
*MEDICAL quality control, *PEOPLE with diabetes, *DIABETES, *HEMOGLOBINS, *MEDICAL care
Abstract

The article presents a study on the quality of diabetes care indicators in a large, representative multiregional population-based cohort of people living in Italy. The study found that 42 percent of the patients examined did not have their hemoglobin A1c measured for over a year. The study also found that a very low proportion of patients in whom microalbuminuria was tested in spite of its role as a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases and dialysis.

Published
2012
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32. Hypertension and Diabetes

Author

Majewski, Colleen, Bakris, George L., Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2020
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36. Diabetes and Obesity

Author

Blüher, Matthias, Stumvoll, Michael, Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2020
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37. Diabetes and the Skin

Author

Gisondi, P., Fostini, A. C., Girolomoni, G., Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2020
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38. Diabetic Foot

Author

Bowling, Frank Lee, Boulton, Andrew J. M., Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2020
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39. Diabetes and the Nervous System

Author

Vinik, Aaron I., Casellini, Carolina, Neumann, Serina, Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2020
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40. Diabetes mellitus in stroke unit: prevalence and outcomes—the Verona acute coronary syndrome and stroke in diabetes outcome (VASD-OUTCOME) study.

Author

Dauriz, Marco, Csermely, Alessandro, Santi, Lorenza, Tregnaghi, Elena, Grotto, Alberto, Lucianer, Tiziano, Altomari, Anna, Rinaldi, Elisabetta, Tardivo, Stefano, Bonetti, Bruno, and Bonora, Enzo

Subjects
*ACUTE coronary syndrome, *STROKE units, *STROKE, *DIABETES, *BLOOD sugar
Abstract

Background: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) represent a major complication in diabetes (DM). Real-life evidence as to whether modern management of CVA and DM have softened this relationship is limited. Therefore, we estimated prevalence and impact of DM on in-hospital survival and complications in a contemporary cohort of subjects with CVA.We retrospectively evaluated the records of 937 patients admitted for CVA at the Stroke Unit of Verona University Hospital during a 3-year period. Pre-existing or de novo DM was ascertained by prior diagnosis, glucose-lowering therapy at admission/discharge or admittance plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL. Multiple regressions were applied to test DM as predictor of in-hospital mortality, complications (composite of infections, cardio- and cerebrovascular complications, major bleeding and pulmonary complications), duration and costs of hospitalization.Diabetes prevalence was 21%, of which 22% de novo diagnoses. Compared to non-DM, diabetic individuals were older and carried an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to known DM, de novo DM individuals were younger, had higher admittance plasma glucose and poorer cardiovascular comorbidities. Overall, DM versus non-DM individuals did not show significantly increased risk of death (14.0 vs. 9.3%; crude-OR 1.59 95% CI 0.99–2.56). Controlling for confounders did not improve significance. DM resulted independent predictor for in-hospital complications (36.2% vs. 26.9%; adj-OR 1.49, 1.04–2.13), but not for duration and costs of hospitalization.DM frequently occurs in patients admitted for stroke and carries an excess burden of adverse in-hospital complications, urgently calling for strategies to anticipate DM diagnosis and tailored treatment in high-risk individuals.Methods: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) represent a major complication in diabetes (DM). Real-life evidence as to whether modern management of CVA and DM have softened this relationship is limited. Therefore, we estimated prevalence and impact of DM on in-hospital survival and complications in a contemporary cohort of subjects with CVA.We retrospectively evaluated the records of 937 patients admitted for CVA at the Stroke Unit of Verona University Hospital during a 3-year period. Pre-existing or de novo DM was ascertained by prior diagnosis, glucose-lowering therapy at admission/discharge or admittance plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL. Multiple regressions were applied to test DM as predictor of in-hospital mortality, complications (composite of infections, cardio- and cerebrovascular complications, major bleeding and pulmonary complications), duration and costs of hospitalization.Diabetes prevalence was 21%, of which 22% de novo diagnoses. Compared to non-DM, diabetic individuals were older and carried an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to known DM, de novo DM individuals were younger, had higher admittance plasma glucose and poorer cardiovascular comorbidities. Overall, DM versus non-DM individuals did not show significantly increased risk of death (14.0 vs. 9.3%; crude-OR 1.59 95% CI 0.99–2.56). Controlling for confounders did not improve significance. DM resulted independent predictor for in-hospital complications (36.2% vs. 26.9%; adj-OR 1.49, 1.04–2.13), but not for duration and costs of hospitalization.DM frequently occurs in patients admitted for stroke and carries an excess burden of adverse in-hospital complications, urgently calling for strategies to anticipate DM diagnosis and tailored treatment in high-risk individuals.Results: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) represent a major complication in diabetes (DM). Real-life evidence as to whether modern management of CVA and DM have softened this relationship is limited. Therefore, we estimated prevalence and impact of DM on in-hospital survival and complications in a contemporary cohort of subjects with CVA.We retrospectively evaluated the records of 937 patients admitted for CVA at the Stroke Unit of Verona University Hospital during a 3-year period. Pre-existing or de novo DM was ascertained by prior diagnosis, glucose-lowering therapy at admission/discharge or admittance plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL. Multiple regressions were applied to test DM as predictor of in-hospital mortality, complications (composite of infections, cardio- and cerebrovascular complications, major bleeding and pulmonary complications), duration and costs of hospitalization.Diabetes prevalence was 21%, of which 22% de novo diagnoses. Compared to non-DM, diabetic individuals were older and carried an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to known DM, de novo DM individuals were younger, had higher admittance plasma glucose and poorer cardiovascular comorbidities. Overall, DM versus non-DM individuals did not show significantly increased risk of death (14.0 vs. 9.3%; crude-OR 1.59 95% CI 0.99–2.56). Controlling for confounders did not improve significance. DM resulted independent predictor for in-hospital complications (36.2% vs. 26.9%; adj-OR 1.49, 1.04–2.13), but not for duration and costs of hospitalization.DM frequently occurs in patients admitted for stroke and carries an excess burden of adverse in-hospital complications, urgently calling for strategies to anticipate DM diagnosis and tailored treatment in high-risk individuals.Conclusion: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) represent a major complication in diabetes (DM). Real-life evidence as to whether modern management of CVA and DM have softened this relationship is limited. Therefore, we estimated prevalence and impact of DM on in-hospital survival and complications in a contemporary cohort of subjects with CVA.We retrospectively evaluated the records of 937 patients admitted for CVA at the Stroke Unit of Verona University Hospital during a 3-year period. Pre-existing or de novo DM was ascertained by prior diagnosis, glucose-lowering therapy at admission/discharge or admittance plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL. Multiple regressions were applied to test DM as predictor of in-hospital mortality, complications (composite of infections, cardio- and cerebrovascular complications, major bleeding and pulmonary complications), duration and costs of hospitalization.Diabetes prevalence was 21%, of which 22% de novo diagnoses. Compared to non-DM, diabetic individuals were older and carried an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to known DM, de novo DM individuals were younger, had higher admittance plasma glucose and poorer cardiovascular comorbidities. Overall, DM versus non-DM individuals did not show significantly increased risk of death (14.0 vs. 9.3%; crude-OR 1.59 95% CI 0.99–2.56). Controlling for confounders did not improve significance. DM resulted independent predictor for in-hospital complications (36.2% vs. 26.9%; adj-OR 1.49, 1.04–2.13), but not for duration and costs of hospitalization.DM frequently occurs in patients admitted for stroke and carries an excess burden of adverse in-hospital complications, urgently calling for strategies to anticipate DM diagnosis and tailored treatment in high-risk individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Hypertension and Diabetes

Author

Majewski, Colleen, Bakris, George L., Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2018
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48. Diabetes and Obesity

Author

Blüher, Matthias, Stumvoll, Michael, Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2018
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49. Diabetes and the Skin

Author

Gisondi, P., Fostini, A. C., Girolomoni, G., Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2018
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50. Diabetes and the Nervous System

Author

Vinik, Aaron I., Casellini, Carolina, Neumann, Serina, Lenzi, Andrea, Series Editor, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Series Editor, Bonora, Enzo, editor, and DeFronzo, Ralph A., editor

Published
2018
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