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Aims: To estimate the social-economic costs of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in patients aged 0-17years in Spain from a social perspective., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 2014 of 275 T1DM pediatric outpatients distributed across 12 public health centers in Spain. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, healthcare utilization and informal care were collected from medical records and questionnaires completed by clinicians and patients' caregivers., Results: A valid sample of 249 individuals was analyzed. The average annual cost for a T1DM patient was €27,274. Direct healthcare costs were €4070 and direct non-healthcare cost were €23,204. Informal (familial) care represented 83% of total cost, followed by medical material (8%), outpatient and primary care visits (3.1%) and insulin (2.1%). Direct healthcare cost per patient statistically differed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level [mean cost €4704 in HbA1c ≥7.5% (≥58mmol/mol) group vs. €3616 in HbA1c<7.5% (<58mmol/mol) group)]; and by the presence or absence of complications and comorbidities (mean cost €5713 in group with complications or comorbidities vs. €3636 in group without complications or comorbidities)., Conclusions: T1DM amongst pediatric patients incurs in considerable societal costs. Informal care represents the largest cost category., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.)