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Indian medicinal plants are referred to as the "nectar of life" owing to their phytochemicals and bioactive complexes that are beneficial in treating diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health issue without any proper medication. The indigenous plants of India can be exploited to control the precise signs of SARS-CoV-2. The Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) has advised routine usage of medicinal plants for COVID-19. Medicinal plants like Zingiber officinalis, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Nigella sativa, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Allium sativum, Tinospora cordifolia, etc. have immunity-boosting, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that can suppress and treat symptoms of COVID-19. In vitro, in vivo as well as in silico validation, these phytochemicals can help us to manage and treat COVID-19 disease. This integration of traditional knowledge in the prophylaxis of corona infection and current skills validating it for the development of precise and powerful therapeutic approaches will more efficiently resolve different clinical aspects of COVID-19. The review focuses on both traditional and emergent methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 with various Indian medicinal plants along with their phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every Electronic Health Record (EHR) System has functionalities which protect patient’s data and drug related information prescribed at the time of medical diagnosis. Decision support system capabilities of the system provide necessary paperless handling support for the health information of a large number of patients. The extensive search on the practice of medical data indicates that there is a steep trend in the electronic health record usage. There is quite a number of EHR software available which are used as a Service globally, but many practitioners are not aware of selecting the right EHR SaaS product. Hence, there is a need to identify the best EHR SaaS from a pool of Software service products. To enhance the search of getting the best possible EHR SaaS product in this paper, researchers have adapted the novel way of using predefined attributes of these products and finding the relationship between them. Further, they are grouped into clusters depending on the rating, customer reviews, record of attested customers, eligible user professionals are guided in selecting a particular EHR SaaS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a phenomenon of cutaneous ulceration where etiology is not well understood. About half of the cases have an associated extracutanoeus manifestation or associated systemic diseases. Most commonly associated systemic disorders include inflammatory bowel disease, hematologic malignancies, autoimmune arthritis, and vasculitis. We are reporting a case where pyoderma gangrenosum has presenting features for ulcerative colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospectively conducted studies to define diagnostic performance of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle biopsy (EBUS-TBNB) in mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed using the Embase, Ovid Medline, Ovid Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, All Evidence Based Medicine Reviews--Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, American College of Physicians Journal Club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCTR), Health Technology Assessment (HTA), and SCOPUS databases, in the second week of November 2010. Studies were selected in 2 phases by 2 reviewers, independently. Data extraction from each study was performed using a standardized data extraction form. Quality assessment of study methodology was done using a checklist that was developed based on a Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool and the nature of the test. Using the 2 × 2 tables, we computed the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS: The 14 studies included for quantitative data synthesis had a pooled cohort of 1,658 patients, from 8 different countries. The EBUS-TBNB had excellent pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI 0.90 -1.00) and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.1 (95% CI 2.7-9.7). The pooled sensitivity was 0.92 (95% CI 0.91- 0.93), and the pooled negative likelihood ratio was 0.13 (95% CI 0.09-0.19). The sensitivity of this intervention was not dependent on rapid on-site evaluation use or size of needle used. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 62.7 (95% CI 25.7-153.0). Only one major complication was reported, which resulted in early termination of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of moderate quality confirms the high diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNB for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, both in malignant and non-malignant conditions. Available evidence also demonstrates the safety of this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blunt thoracic injuries (BTIs) are directly responsible for 20–25% of all deaths, worldwide. Involvement of heart in BTIs is largely underestimated and ignored, but reasonable estimate would be around 15%. This study was planned to emphasize on clinical-presentation and diagnosis of blunt cardiac injuries (BCIs). Clinical presentation of BCIs, varied from mild chest discomfort to haemodynamic shock secondary to rapid exsanguinations. Non-specific presentation with associated injuries diverts physician’s attention and delayed appearance of clinical features makes diagnosis further difficult. Cardiac markers and ECG are not specific, but high sensitivity of 100% could be reached using combination of elevated cardiactroponin levels and alterations in ECG. Transoesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography, angiography, intravascular ultrasound and nuclear scan have proven to detect cardiac injuries in BTIs, but lack specificity. Patients with suspicious-ECG finding need cardiac-monitoring for at least 24 hours. Haemodynamically stable young (<55 years) subjects, without underlying cardiac diseases and with normal-ECG and cardiac marker, could be discharged safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of an endoscopic grading, diagnosis and reporting of myochosis and its link with colonic obstructive symptoms, assessing the obstructive nature of myochosis. Topics include a compilation of descriptors of myochosis, its prevalence in Western population who consumes low-fiber diet, and the potential of the proposed grading system to enhance recognition and reporting of the condition.

A 16-year-old female complained of extreme weakness. She had moderate anaemia; her Haemoglobin (Hb) was 7.7 gm/dl. Peripheral blood smear showed few sickled red cells. Sickle cell test was positive. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed elevated levels of HbS (38.4%) and HbF (15.7%). In addition, HbA2 concentration was 3.8% and HbA concentration was 42.1%. Results suggested a diagnosis of compound heterozygous sickle cell-+thalassaemia. Sickle cell test was also positive with blood of patient's brother; Hb HPLC examination showed relatively low concentration of HbS (25.2%) suggesting a diagnosis of sickle cell trait. Chromatogram of patient's step sister suggested a diagnosis of thalassaemia trait. Findings of this study suggested that abnormal genes were inherited in the patient from both the parents. It was interpreted that repeated haemolysis in the patient might have contributed to anaemia, weakness, rise in indirect bilirubin and jaundice. Furthermore, high level of HbF (>12%) may interfere with polymerization of sickle haemoglobin suggesting beneficial effects of HbF-inducing agents which may inhibit sickling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Present study aimed to evaluate the different episodes of clinical mastitis (CM) and influence of duration of treatment and seasonality on the occurrence of different episodes of CM in crossbred cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 1194 lactation data of crossbred CM cows were collected from mastitis treatment record from 2002 to 2012. Data of CM cows were classified into types of episodes (pattern of repeated or multiple episodes occurrence) and number of episodes (magnitude of multiple cases). Types of episodes were divided as single (clinical cure by a single episode of treatment), relapse (retreatment of the same cow within 21 days), recurrence (new CM at least 21 days after treatment), and both (relapse and recurrence). The season was classified as winter (December to March), summer (April to June), rainy (July to September), and autumn (October to November). The difference between incidences of different types of CM episodes and the association between number or type of CM episodes with duration of treatment and seasons of CM occurrence were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: Among 1194 animals suffered with CM, 53, 16, and 18% had the single episode, relapse, and recurrence, respectively; while 13% suffered by both relapse and recurrence. We estimated the duration of treatment and found 80% of the cows treated 1-8 days, in which 65% treated for 1-4 days, while 35% cows were treated for 5-8 days. Further, 12% cows treated for 9-15 days and 7.5% cows treated >15 days. The relationship between duration of treatment and different episodes of CM revealed that 1-8 days treated cows were mostly cured by the single episode with less relapse and recurrence. In contrast, the incidences of recurrence and relapse episodes were higher in cows treated for more than 9 days. The highest incidence of relapse was noticed in winter (36%) than other seasons (10-28%), while the recurrence was less during autumn (9%) compared to other seasons (20-40%). Conclusion: Cows those suffered by both relapse and recurrence were more susceptible to CM, and they need to be culled from farm to control the transmission of infections. Although the influence of seasonality was difficult to understand, the higher magnitude of relapse and recurrence during winter suggested the adverse effects of cold stress on treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]