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Magnetic lenses can effectively reduce the fiber diameter and whipping-circle width to control the random behavior of electrospinning. Although the axisymmetric magnetic lens for electrostatic spinning have several potential applications, the effect of its pole-piece structure on the electrostatic spinning process has not been adequately discussed. In this study, we explored the influence of changing the pole piece structure of the magnetic lens on the electrospinning process using experimental and numerical simulation methods. The results showed that for a 12 wt% polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution, when the applied voltage was 15 kV, the feed rate was 1 mL/h, and current of the magnetic lens was 1 A, the gap width of the magnetic lens had a notable effect on the fiber deposition efficiency of the electrostatic spinning range of the magnetic lens. Appropriately reducing the gap width in the range of 1–10 mm can effectively reduce the deposition range of the fibers and improve fiber film thickness. Furthermore, when the angle of α is 45°, it exerts the most significant effect on the electrostatic spinning spray range and deposition efficiency, and the fiber film thickness and average fiber diameter attain their highest values. When the angle of α increases or decreases from 45°, the fiber film thickness and fiber diameter both show a decreasing trend. A change in the magnetic lens structure can effectively change the ejection range and fiber diameter during electrostatic spinning, which shows great potential in the field of nanofiber production. [Display omitted] • Changing the magnetic lens structure can control the ejection range and fiber diameter during electrostatic spinning. • Study investigates the impact of magnetic lens pole-piece structure on electrospinning using experiments and simulations. • Optimal gap width (1–10 mm) enhances fiber deposition efficiency and film thickness. • Angle α of 45° maximizes electrostatic spinning range, deposition efficiency, fiber film thickness, and diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a new method for predicting the diameter of electrospun nanofibers. Based on the grey system theory, the effects of polyacrylonitrile mass fraction, voltage, flow rate, and receiving distance on fiber diameter were studied. The GM(1,1) (grey model) model and DNGM(1,1) (The DNGM (1,1) model is based on the whitening differential equation using parameters to Directly estimate the approximate Non-homogeneous sequence Grey prediction Model) model were established to predict fiber diameter by a single-factor change, and the results showed high prediction accuracy. The multi-variable grey model MGM(1,n) (MGM(1,n) is a Multivariate Grey prediction Model) was used for prediction of fiber diameter when multiple factors change simultaneously. The results showed that the average modeling fitting error is 8.62%. The background value coefficients of the MGM(1,n) model were optimized, the average modeling fitting error was reduced to 1.01%, and the average prediction error was reduced to 1.33%. Combining the fractional optimization with the background-value coefficient optimization, the optimal background-value coefficient α and the order r were selected. The results showed that the average modeling fitting error is 0.85%, and the average prediction error is 0.38%. The results demonstrate that the grey system theory can effectively predict the diameter of polyacrylonitrile electrospinning fibers with high prediction accuracy. This theory can increase the control of nanofiber diameters in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]