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The effectiveness of using borate (borax) and fluoride (sodium fluoride) fluxes in the sintering of crystalline (sand) and amorphous (diatomite) silicate raw materials was considered. The change in the density and appearance of samples with varying amounts of fluxes during their heat treatment at different temperatures was described. It was shown that the introduction of 4 wt.% of borax reduces the temperature necessary to reach a density of 1500 kg/m3 by 100°C, and 6 wt.% of borax by 200°C. It was shown that the introduction of fluxes increases the amount of x-ray amorphous glass phase due to depolymerization of the silicon-oxygen network and the formation of a low-temperature melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of batch compositions based on quartz sand from the Chalganskoe deposit, opoka from the Botchinskoe deposit, slag from the Artem TPP, and diatomite from the Chernoyarskoe deposit were developed. The density and porosity of the synthesized samples were determined. Their microstructure was analyzed. Conclusions are drawn concerning the suitability of these raw materials for the synthesis of porous silicate materials (foam glass). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The types and function of foam glass are examined as a function of the employed foaming agents. Mixes with different granulometric composition of the batch were developed and subjected to heat-treatment. The influence of the fractional composition of the foam-glass batch on the density and volume of the foam glass and foam-glass materials was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]