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The study was conducted to uncover the emission, combustion, and performance features of the blend of Water Hyacinth biodiesel and Mesua Ferrea seed oil biodiesel with Hydrogen addition on a diesel engine in dual fuel. Pilot fuel is a blend of 50% Water Hyacinth biodiesel and 50% Mesua Ferrea seed oil biodiesel. A single-cylinder compression ignition engine was modified to operate on dual fuel mode with hydrogen. Variations of engine operating parameters such as injection timing, and engine load were performed. The study was conducted with three pilot fuel injection timings (23, 26, and 29°bTDC) and variable engine loadings (20%–100% with an increment of 20%) at an injection pressure of 200 bar and compression ratio of 18. The results indicated that the maximum brake thermal efficiency of 28.11% and a replacement of liquid fuel by 85% was obtained for the WHMF blend powered dual fuel diesel engine at pilot fuel injection timings of 26°bTDC at 100% load. HC, CO, and smoke emissions are reduced with hydrogen due to faster combustion. On the other hand, there was a slight increase in NOx emissions noticed with hydrogen enrichment. [Display omitted] • Pilot fuel is a blend of 50% Water Hyacinth Biodiesel and 50% Mesua Ferrea Biodiesel. • Hydrogen is used with pilot fuel under dual fuel mode to improve combustion. • Hydrogen enrichment improves the brake thermal efficiency of the pilot fuel. • Emissions of CO and HC were reduced with hydrogen addition in the pilot fuel. • Liquid fuel replacement of 85% is achieved at an IT of 26⁰bTDC of the pilot fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the possibilities of the use of diesel-diethyl ether (DDEE) blends as pilot fuel, and hydrogen (H 2) as inducted gaseous fuel in a diesel engine operated on dual fuel mode (DFM). DEE was added to diesel in ratios of 5–25% in increasing steps of 5%, to prepare the DDEE5, DDEE10, DDEE15, DDEE20, and DDEE25 blends that were used as pilot fuel. In this current study, for hydrogen gas generation, a hydrogen production kit was fabricated which was powered by solar energy. The hydrogen gas was produced from the electrolysis of water-KOH solution. During the experiment, hydrogen was inducted through the engine intake port employing an electronic gas injector. The quantity of hydrogen injection was set constant of 0.2 lpm for all the test cases. DDEE-hydrogen (DDEE+H 2) blends accomplished overall good results compared to diesel. DDEE20+H 2 furnished optimal results compared to diesel and other DDEE+H 2 blends. Peak cylinder pressure for DDEE20+H 2 was 66.91 bar at 5.2oCA aTDC, and the maximum HRR was 32.75 J/deg.CA. Compared to diesel, the BTE of engine for DDEE20+H 2 was augmented by about 0.6% and the BSFC was diminished by about 3.7%, at maximum load conditions. A decline in CO and HC emissions of 29.6%, and 35% were observed for DDEE20+H 2 at maximum load condition, but the NO and CO 2 emanation was observed to be higher by around 29.4%, and 17.4% in comparison to diesel respectively. • Solar based hydrogen production for potential use in dual-fuel engine. • Diesel blended with diethyl ether used as pilot injected fuel in different ratio. • DDEE20+H 2 furnished optimal results compared to diesel. • BTE of engine for DDEE20+H 2 augmented by 0.6% while BSFC diminished by 3.7%. • A decline in CO and HC emission of 29.6%, and 35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores emissions regulation of a 3.5 kW single cylinder, direct injection, diesel engine fuelled with biogas and Mahua biodiesel. By varying the compression ratio from 17 to 18 with a step of 0.5, pilot fuel injection timing by 3° BTDC from 23° BTDC to 32° BTDC, and engine load from 20% to 100% with a step of 20%, the optimal operating conditions are determined using response surface methodology. At the optimum engine operating parameter settings of a 17.73 compression ratio, 26.71° BTDC pilot fuel injection timing, and 58.96% engine load, the optimum emissions are 42.89 ppm for NOx, 80.36 ppm for UHC, 4.23% Vol. for CO 2 , and 77.72 ppm for CO. Additionally, the study demonstrates a comparable brake thermal efficiency of 17.35% with 66.26% pilot fuel substitution, indicating biogas-biodiesel as a sustainable and renewable option for dual-fuel CI compression-ignition engines. • Running biogas biodiesel has resulted in a significant decrement in NOx emissions. • Alteration in compression ratio and injection timing lowered CO and HC emissions. • Maximum optimum attained pilot fuel substitution is 66.26%. • Maximum brake thermal efficiency obtained is of 17.35%. • Optimization attained with best goodness of fit range of 0.86–0.99. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in biodiesel as a diesel fuel substitute has increased due to the growing need for sustainable energy sources. The blends of biodiesel, such B20, have become more popular because they can lessen the need for fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. The blends of biodiesel, however, may pose problems with emissions, performance, and combustion efficiency. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of blending ethanol (C2H6OH) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) into B20 biodiesel blend in order to improve engine performance. The study examines the effects of adding C2H6OH (5% of vol.) and Al2O3 (75 ppm) to the B20 biodiesel mix on its essential features and combustion. To fully assess the performance and emissions characteristics of the single cylinder diesel engine, experimental evaluations include a wide range of engine operating loads. The findings show that adding C2H6OH to the B20 blend increases its volatility and oxygen content, which promotes better ignition and combustion characteristics. Additionally, adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to the blend shows promise for improving combustion efficiency by enhancing fuel atomization and lowering soot emission. The synergy of adding both Al2O3 and C2H6OH to B20 significantly reduces CO, HC, and smoke levels of the diesel engine by 33.04, 28.13, and 12.88%, respectively. The results of this study offer important new information about how C2H6OH and Al2O3 additives might improve the B20 biodiesel blend's emissions performance and combustion efficiency, increasing the fuel's potential as a greener alternative for the transportation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dwindling air quality and diminishing fossil fuel reserves have led to an increase in the need for alternative sources of fuel. Biodiesel derived from animal/plant sources seems to be an attractive substitution. However, there are some shortcomings of biodiesel like lower thermal efficiency, poor atomization, inferior heating value, and higher molecular mass. One of the probable novel ways to address this lacuna is by the use of nano based biodiesel in IC engine. The present study performs an endeavor to improve the performance and emulsion qualities of biodiesel generated from mahua oil by employing Titanium oxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles as an additive. All trials were conducted in a diesel-powered engine at varying load levels with different test fuel such as diesel fuel, blended biodiesel (80 % diesel + 20 % mahua biodiesel), and nanoparticle-based blended biodiesel (80 % diesel + 20 % mahua biodiesel – 200 mg/L TiO 2). When compared to diesel mode, the average CO emission reduction for blended biodiesel and nanoparticle-based blended biodiesel is 37.42 % and 46.54 %, respectively. In comparison to diesel mode, the average reduction in HC emission is 22.54 % for the blended biodiesel and 28.4 % for the nanoparticle-based blended biodiesel, respectively. When compared to diesel mode, the average reduction in NO x emission is 4 % and 2.3 % for the blended biodiesel and nanoparticle-based blended biodiesel, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Algae biodiesel was used as pilot fuel for Hydrogen run dual fuel engine. • Best brake thermal efficiency was found at 26° bTDC and 100% Load. • Best brake thermal efficiency of 28.21% was found for Hydrogen dual fuel engine. • Maximum replacement of liquid charge by 85% for fuel injection timing of 26° bTDC. • Optimum load based on response surface methodology was found to be 72.81% The main objective of the study is to enhance the performance and emissions of hydrogen and biodiesel dual-fuel engines by optimizing injection timing and engine load using response surface methodology. The pilot fuel considered for this study is Algae biodiesel. A mono-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine is tested for three different pilot fuel injection timings (23° BTDC, 26° BTDC, and 29° BTDC) and five different engine loads (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). For a dual fuel operation, a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 28.21% and an 85% replacement of liquid charge was achieved at pilot fuel injection timing of 26° BTDC and 100% load based on the experimental results. For the same setting of injection timing of 26° BTDC, the emissions of CO and HC were significantly reduced by 12.12% and 36.13%, respectively, at the 80% load setting. While response surface optimum was found at 72.81% load and 25.73° BTDC Injection timing. At this optimal operating parameter setting, a significant reduction of CO, HC, and NOx emissions by 20.98%, 29.15%, and 1.91%, respectively, was obtained while maintaining a comparable brake thermal efficiency of 25.06% and a replacement of liquid charge by 72.15%, respectively. Thus, a biodiesel-hydrogen dual-fuel diesel engine is one of the green solutions for power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]