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This experimental study, blended jatropha biodiesel and higher alcohol (butanol) were employed in an unmodified diesel engine and its effects on exhaust emissions were studied. The jatropha biodiesel produced from jatropha oil by transesterification process. The evaluated test fuels were diesel (D100), jatropha biodiesel (BD100), 90% of biodiesel and 10% of butanol blend (B90A10), 80% of biodiesel and 20% of butanol blend (B80A20), and 70% of biodiesel and 30% of butanol blend (B70A30). The experimental results were compared with diesel fuel. Results show that the addition of butanol, enhancing emission characteristics owing to its inherent oxygen content. A significant reduction in all emissions was found when adding butanol in biodiesel at all engine loads. Overall, the butanol blending in jatropha biodiesel can be potential alternative fuel owing to its better emission characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lot of research work showed that biodiesel and its blends can be used as a promising alternate fuel for diesel engine with no modification in the existing infrastructure. The synthetic antioxidants are added to biodiesel blends to improve the oxidation stability. However, they lack of biodegradability, cost and complex processing. Natural antioxidants are non-toxic and biodegradable and are considered suitable for maximizing the oxidation stability. Very few works have been carried out to determine the effects of natural antioxidants over biodiesel blends. The present study analyzes the performance and emission characteristics of emulsified cottonseed oil biodiesel with THC (tetra hydro curcumin) nanoparticles as antioxidant. This experimentation focuses on emission characteristics of diesel, rubber seed oil and a mixture of THC-rubber seed oil biodiesel. Results on brake thermal efficiency, fuel consumptions and emissions of un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and NOx were evaluated. The results suggest that the addition of THC nanoparticles on biodiesel blends seems to be promising to improve the engine performance and emission characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major research is focused on fuel consumption and emission reduction in the past few years. There is growing interest on alternative fuels due to volatile fossil fuel price and depletion. In many applications like Transportation, Power generation, Marine applications etc., diesel Engines are being used as a major source. During last century, the uses of fossil resources are increasing due to significant growth of population and change in life style. This causes crises of fossil fuel depletion For the diesel engines there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels. In this work we will examine the use of diesel-wheat germ oil in diesel four stroke engine. With diesel and different blends of wheat germ biodiesel, additionally the efforts to reduce NOx emission by developing Catalytic converter device for a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and wheat germ biodiesel fuel are discussed. Catalytic converter is vital after treatment technology attempted in this work to simultaneous control of NOx, HC, and PM emissions. The experiment was conducted on a 1500rpm, four stroke, diesel engine with single cylinder which is water cooled. an attempt will be made to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work fabricated the experimental setup for changing over waste plastics into fluid hydrocarbon diesel. Here, the Zeolite catalyst is used for the catalytic Pyrolysis process. Further, blends of Waste Plastic Oils (WPO) are prepared by replacing the diesel fuel. These are without Waste plastic and 100% diesel, 20% Waste plastic, and 80% diesel (W20), 40% Waste plastic and 60% diesel (W40), and 60% Waste plastic and 40% diesel (W60), 80% Waste plastic and 20% diesel (W80), 100% Waste plastic and 0% diesel (W100). The Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of Waste plastic oil blends shown higher than pure diesel operation. Among the six blends, W40 showed higher BTE and lower Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The increasing of Waste plastic oil in the blend showed the varied of NOX emissions contrast with the diesel fuel. The diesel showed inferior CO emissions and blend B80 showed lower smoke emissions than the other samples. The tip cylinder pressure about 69 bars was acquired at a crank angle (CA) of 358° for W40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As petroleum fuels are depleting due to rapid increase of users, researchers are probing for suitable alternative fuels. This paper tries to find out the performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Prosopisjuliflora bio diesel with Hydrogen gas as dual fuel. Performance of this fuel was tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Results were showing comparable performance for the entire fuel. The test results showed reduction of smoke, increase in NOx and improvement in thermal efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel engines have been the "primus motor" of transportation in the world since along time now. However, the exhaustion of fuel supplies and increased fuel rates needs alternative fuels. A considerable amount of interest has been shown by researchers to evaluate different plant and vegetable oils as are placement of diesel. Based on this background NOx emission is produced during combustion of fuels at high temperature. Excessive release of NOx causes several effects on living organisms and environment. In this work, the efforts to reduce NOx emission by developing Catalytic converter device for a diesel engine fueled with diesel and Cedar wood biodiesel fuel are discussed. Catalytic converter is vital after treatment technology attempted in this work to simultaneous control of NOx, HC, and PM emissions. The experiment was conducted on a 1500rpm, four-stroke, diesel engine with single cylinder which is water cooled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation deals with an innovative method to improve the efficiency by reducing the fuel consumption and improving the combustion using nano particles and lime steam distilled oil. Lime steam distilled oil is obtained from the peel of Citrus aurantifolia. The characteristics of diesel engine using diesel as a fuel is taken as a benchmark reading and the nanoparticle cerium oxide mix with diesel along with lime steam distilled oil and performance will be compared with varying injection pressures. Grey relational Analysis mainly deals with the objective to "optimize a response which is influenced by several independent variables." Homogeneous combustion catalysts are those additives which are dissolved into diesel fuels homogeneously to play a catalytic role during the combustion process of the engine. Taguchi method is used for the selection of orthogonal array and number of experiments. GRA coefficient is being used to calculate rank and is calculated on the basis of the value of GRA grade. Analysis for variance is used to calculate the percentage of contribution for grey relational analysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission from machines and vehicles is a consistent pollutant in today's world. Efforts and measures are being taken to reduce the amount or to reduce its impact on the atmosphere. Different materials are used to reduce the emission of an engine. One such synthetic material named KEVLAR and JUTE has been known for its many mechanical properties. In this project, Kevlar and Jute Composite material is tested and evaluated for reduction in NOx values and other components of exhaust gas from an IC engine. Kevlar and jute composite material has been prepared using epoxy resin, graphene and aluminum oxide cut into circular shapes of required diameters with holes in it. The plates are arranged in a series order inside the silencer by orienting the plates and welded inside the silencer and closed. VCR Engine has been used for the testing purpose and the fuel used is a biodiesel, which is a blend of lemongrass oil and diesel of fixed proportions. The result successfully showed significant reduction in NOx values with maximum reduction. The values were compared with that of diesel and graphs of BTE, SFC, NOx and other components were plotted against BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world the need for biofuel is increasing day by day due to environmental factors and to improve their overall fuel efficiency. Biofuel is the best alternative for this considering their chemical properties and compatibility with Diesel engines. So for this work, we are integrating waste cooking oil and palm oil with diesel as an alternative to plain diesel and analysing their properties with different blends to get the most optimum result. The first step involves the mixing of waste cooking oil and palm oil to diesel along with nanoparticles to reduce CO emissions. Calcium oxide nanoparticles are used as a catalyst which are synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Then the samples are sent to the lab where particle nature, size and its composition are examined. Transmission electron microscope is used to get the size, shape and its structure. X-ray diffraction gives us the polycrystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Palm oil does not have any negative effects on the engine and it is considered to be the best whereas waste cooking oil is known for the emulsification of lubricants and to jam the linings of piston and cylinder. We chose calcium oxide nanoparticles as it can efficiently purify the exhaust gases from the engine. Increasing the concentration of CaO nanoparticles in the biofuel blend results in the improvement of exhaust gas filtration as it highly reduces the quantity of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases of vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development in developing countries has led to huge increase in energy demand. In India the energy demand is increasing at a rate of 6.5% per annum. Bio diesel an eco-friendly and renewable fuel substitute for diesel has been getting the attention of researchers all over the world. This paper deals with to evaluate the engine performance and emission of VCR Diesel Engine using blend of pure lemon balm oil with diesel. in the present study shows the effect of engine performance terms of Brake specific fuel consumption and Brake thermal efficiency using taguchi based optimization. And the nano particle (MgO) is also used as a catalyst of the blends of bio fuel to enhance an optimal engine output values rate of various effective gases like NOx, CO and unburnt HC using Response curve Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel engines have been the "primus motor" of transportation in the world since a long time now. However, the depletion of fuel supplies, recent concerns over the environment and the ever increasing fuel prices have made the search for an alternative fuel of paramount importance. A considerable amount of interest has been shown by researchers to evaluate different plant and vegetable oils as a replacement of diesel. Based on this background NOx emission is produced during combustion of fuels at high temperature. Excessive release of NOx causes several effects on living organisms and environment. In this work, the efforts to reduce NOx emission by developing electrochemically activated cells (EACs) for a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel fuel are discussed. EAC technique is vital after treatment technology attempted in this work to simultaneous control of NOx, HC, and PM emissions. The experiment was conducted on a 1500rpm, four stroke, diesel engine with single cylinder which is water cooled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel fuel is most widely used for IC engines, due to demand of fossil fuels many researchers found biofuels as an alternate for fossil fuel. To improve the performance of biofuel, their performances are studied with different biodiesel blends and Nano additives. This study focuses on preparation of biofuel from the renewable micro and macro algal energy sources. By adding thecerium oxide Nano particles as a biofuel additive in order to reduce the NOX emission in renewable Algal biofuel. The stoechospermum marginatum algae are collected in the form of wet, then it is dried and oil is extracted by lipid extraction process. By transesterification process, the FAME is produced and its emission and performance characters are studied in a single cylinder diesel engine by adding cerium oxide in B20 and B40 blend. Readings are taken for B20 and B40 blends with additives and without additives. This study determines that this algal biodiesel is a better replacement for diesel fuel and addition of cerium oxide will reduce the NOx emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to study the emissions and performance characteristics of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Transesterified Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) when used as fuel in a vertical, single cylinder, Kirloskar DI 4-stroke diesel engine of 4.3 kW and compression ratio of 17.5:1 and constant speed of 1500 rpm. The Waste cooking oil was transesterified using methanol with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst. The hydrotreatment studies on Waste Cooking oil was carried out using Nickel-Molybdenum/Aluminum Oxide (Ni-Mo/Al2O3) catalyst at 6 Mpa and 633 K in hydrotreating pilot plant. The emission and performance studies was also conducted on (i) Neat Fatty Acid Methy Esters of waste cooking oil (FMWCO B100) (ii) Neat Hydrotreated Waste cooking oil (HTWCO B100) and (iii) Blend of 25% Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of waste cooking and 75% Petro Diesel (FMWCOB25) (iv) blend of 25% Hydrotreated Waste Cooking Oil with 75% Petro Diesel (HTWCO B25) at different loading conditions. The emissions with Hydrotreated Waste cooking oil as fuel showed a reduction in CO, HC, CO2, NOx, Smoke, brake specific fuel consumption and increase in Brake thermal efficiency when compared with petro diesel as fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global increase in population and ever increasing demand for fossil fuels which are fast depleting, have forced the research community to look for alternative fuels that may help us ameliorate the problem of environmental pollution. Hydrotreated oils as fuel give promising results in the reduction of emissions and increase in performance. The fuels were prepared by hydrotreating the jatropha oil and refined palmolein oils using HR538 catalyst. The LHSV value was fixed at 2 hr-1 at a temperature of 360°C at a constant pressure of 60 bar. The hydrotreated fuel (B100) was tested in the diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm, at different loads and compared with petro diesel. The results showed that Jatropha oil gave less emission and enhanced peformance when compared with refined palmolein oil and petro diesel. The experiments were conducted without any modification in the engine. The emission and the performance of the hydrotreated oil in a diesel engine were found to be satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing awareness of fast depleting fossil fuels, renewable energy resources are being searched and some are already being used as alternative energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source which can be used for biofuel production. In this context, this work aims at producing bio-oil using waste animal fat along with Al2O3 employing pyrolysis method and to check the emissions of the oil produced. The waste animal fat is thermally decomposed under oxygen deficient conditions into various phases like Vapours condensed to bio-oil (Liquid), Bio-char residues (Solid), Syngas (Gaseous products).Waste animal fat is heated from room temperature to 450°C in the time period of 2 hours. The bio-oil was obtained after heating for 49 min at 240℃. It was observed that the production of Oil was maximum in the temperature range of 340°C – 380°C. The obtained bio-oil was mixed with diesel and was tested in diesel engine. It is observed from the test results that the B10 oil could be used as fuel for diesel engines without making any modifications. There was a close similarity between the performance of the blended WAF bio-oil and pure diesel. The cost of blended fuel B10 was less when compared with pure diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the scarcity of fossil fuels and to provide green environment, it has turns as a wide platform for the researchers to identify the suitable renewable fuels. Among the various bio fuels, Orange peel oil, available at the most economical rate has a better proportion as a substitute for diesel engine fuel which has more advantages than other alternative fuels. This investigation focus on the repercussions by adding Diethyl Ether (DEE) of various proportions as an additive to diesel-bio-diesel blends for significant reduction in exhaust emissions. Biodiesel was prepared through transesterification process from orange peel oil with various blending proportion of D70B30, 70D25BDEE5, 70D20D10DEE at various load condition. Then the effect of addition of DEE with biodiesel were analysed for the engine behaviour. The investigation revealed that the decrease in NOx and HC emission with increase in addition of DEE. Also it shows a better performance characteristics with the biodiesel prepared from orange peel oil with the addition of DEE. This assures the orange peel oil as a promising alternative fuel with the addition of DEE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scenario, the scarcity of fossil fuels has been increased drastically which in turn led to the scientists to develop the alternate fuels, one of the most credible way for replacing the scarcity of petro diesel. The present experimental investigation has been carried out on Kirloskar single cylinder VCR research engine. This article review on comprehensive indication of the performance and emission characteristics of sunflower seed oil and sesame oil blended with diesel. Various blends were prepared with sesame oil and sunflower seed oil for the research in depth carried out to make use as effective alternate fuels. As a result biodiesel prepared from ayurvedic seed oil showed as a reliable alternate fuel for the CI engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the investigation of two non edible vegetable oils (Soap nut oil and Candle nut oil). The depletion of fossil fuels leads to search of new and environment pollution free fuels. The important issue faced for selecting the vegetable oils compared to diesel fuels is viscosity. Another major issue of selecting the non edible oil is oxidation stability (OS) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). The vegetable oils are transesterified and the obtained biofuels are combined in a fixed proportion of 60% soap nut methyl ester and 40% candle nut methyl ester and the properties are measured. This combined bio fuel is mixed with diesel fuel as B20 and B40 blends to estimate the performance limits and the emission levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present scenario, the world is facing the rise of fossil fuel prices and deficiency of its resources. The main purpose of the current analysis is to make use of the oils by transesterification process and usage of dual bio-diesel blends then compared it with diesel fuels characteristics. Bio-diesels are used as a replacement fuel instead of diesel in the automobiles. The soapnut-oil is a non-edible vegetable oil. Soap nut oil is having good oxidation stability than other types of bio fuels. Similarly, candle nut seed oil is having poor oxidation stability. So, for that reason we are using of two bio fuels in our investigation. The blends of candle nut oil and soap nut oil are taken with proportions and mixed with diesel fuels to check the exhaust-emissions characteristics in a VCR engine. The effects of the blends on the CO, CO2, Hydro carbons, Nitrogen oxide and the smoke density were obtained through emissions test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal fats are being explored for preparing bio fuel blends. In the present work pork fat oil is converted into bio diesel. B20 blend of this with the diesel is prepared and tested for its performance. The influence of injection pressure of the engine for handling this blend is investigated. The test conducted on a four-stroke single cylinder CI engine. Four types of injection pressures were used for running the engine. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) shows improved values on increasing the injection pressure up to 220 bar, but at 240 bar the BTE values are not up to the mark. BSFC and NOx emission values are not showing much difference between the injection pressures. Hydrocarbon emissions were reduced on increasing injection pressures. Combustion parameters for this engine conditions are all of similar trend. Overall, it can be included that the B20 blend of pork fat biodiesel can be used in CI engine with slight increase in injection pressure for better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Need to search for renewable options as far as energy need concerns are imminent. This study is focused on investigation of CI engine using biodiesel made from the animal fat oil. In this study, process of transesterification is used to fabricate biodiesel from pork lard oil. B20 blend of the pork lard oil biodiesel is being checked for its engine performance and emissions. The effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the performance & emission characteristics of a C.I. engine operated with this fuel is examined. Results indicate use of B20 blend biodiesel as substitution of pure diesel fuel is effective without modification of engine. Upon testing the results proved that the NOx emission of the engine is high for biodiesel fuel but it can be reduced by applying EGR. The NOx emission reduced considerably on increasing the EGR percentage but higher Hydro-Carbons and Carbon Monoxide emissions are noted on at higher EGR rates using biodiesel in engine emission test EGR rates between 5%-10% are optimum for emission control characteristics for the engine. However, the performance is slightly reduced on higher application of percentage of EGR. 10% EGR shows optimum performance on the engine. On the outset, this experimental investigation states that the B20 blend of Pork lard oil biodiesel is a suitable alternative fuel in C.I. engine with 10% of EGR for efficient performance and emission results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation attempts to obtain simultaneous reduction of emission by means of combustion of minimum exhaust gas recirculation and diesel fuel reformulation to enable a moderately premixed lower temperature combustion style in Direct Injection C.I engine. Three higher alcohol/diesel combinations n-butanol, n-propanol, n- pentanol is 40% blended with diesel is prepared and tested under zero to high load. The same three blends are also investigated under the combination of exhaust gas recirculation rates (20%) at zero to high loads. The act as well as emissions characteristic of the engine are observed. The output indicates that blended diesel gives a longer ignition delay. The maximum pressure and maximum premixed heat release rate than diesel. Higher alcohol has fine lenience and best control of NOx, HC trade-off when compare to diesel. At 20% of EGR higher alcohol presented even ore reduction of NOx, HC emission in diesel blend but a small drop in performance as compared with normal diesel. It was observed that blended diesel presented best dominance in emission characteristics than diesel. The combination of lower exhaust gas recirculation and higher alcohol/diesel blend can obtain partially low temperature combustion and decrease NOx, HC and smoke emissions instantaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic growth of the country mainly depends on transportation sector. In this connection petro-diesel consumption has been increased due to wide development of transportation sector. With increase in petro-diesel products there is a serious threat on the reserves of petroleum products (fossil fuels) and pollution levels of environment. This has been thrown a great challenge in front of the researchers working in this domain. To reduce the afore said problems as the petro-diesel products are exhaustive in nature, there is a necessity to find suitable alternative fuel in place of petro-diesel products. Further to reduce the intensity of pollutant levels in the environment also a suitable substitute to be selected. Both these qualities are found in majority of bio diesels. Bio diesel properties are closure to diesel fuel. But the NOx emissions produced with biodiesel are more compared to diesel fuel. Hence, a suitable modification for the existing engine to be carried out to enhance combustion phenomenon and to reduce pollutant levels. In the present work the experiments are conducted with suitable bio diesel, piston geometry and EGR design. With these the investigations are conducted out on four stroke single cylinder water cooled, computerized test rig of CI diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics are investigated. The results are correlated with base engine and found fruitful, which are presented in the full text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research would explore the use of biodiesel derived from pig fat oil for the analysis of the CI engine. In this case, pig fat was harvested for oil and used during the manufacturing process of biodiesel, called transesterification. The oil is stored. After the test, various biodiesel blends such as B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30 are tested under various load conditions, like 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% for the engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the engine are therefore evaluated briefly. Studies should be checked to see if the use of Pig fat biodiesel to substitute diesel fuel without engine alteration is appropriate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of an animal oil which is extracted from the chicken waste is experimentally investigated in an order to further treated in a trans-esterification process to get a biodiesel the viscosity of the extracted oil is known before converting into a biodiesel. The waste in the sense it will be a head, feathers, intestine and skin of a chicken. When the diesel fuel is compared to a biodiesel resulted in a reduction in a brake torque and increase in a brake specific fuel consumption. In the transesterification process methanol act as a reagent and KOH as a catalyst. The reaction process tends to run for 90 minutes at 60 °C in order to stir the combination to take up a reaction. Italso another set of an idea tends to check an effect of tallow and crude soybean oil with or without an L-Carnitineonboiler chicken with the help of a soybeanoil and with addition of a broiler chicken. The alkaline trans-esterification of chicken oil with reagent and catalyst gives a high-quality biodiesel in a good conversion rate. The process is an economically possible by a filtering or separating a methanol and glycerin where the by-products are formed. Animal wastes are recently trended in order to alternate for a vegetable oils in the production of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims at studying the performance analysis, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with a single cylinder without any alteration on the engine. This engine is to run by biodiesel that is made by using bio-fuel (juliflora oil) and diesel fuel. The blends is prepared from various proportion are: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of JFO (bio-fuel) blend with diesel. Various blends of the alternative fuel are compared against conventional diesel oil. The parameters of performance analysis single cylinder diesel engine. The engine was run for some minutes the various load are increased zero load, 5kg load, 10kg load, 15kg load, 20kg load, and 25kg load. The result performance graph was plotted based on load Vs BTE, TFC, SFC, SEC and emission values Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitric oxide (NOx) and smoke. It is seen apparently that, the 20% of JFO – with 80 % of diesel. B20 is the base adequate bio-fuel blend for direct injection diesel engine. Biodiesel is a proper congenital source for bio-fuel, with ecological benefits. In the middle of biofuel B20 shows the a little weaker in efficiency. However, the emission parameters are little bit greater than the conservative original single cylinder diesel engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]