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Background: The involvement of carbohydrates in triggering insulin resistance (IR) remains a source of controversy., Aim of the Study: To study the relation between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and fructose with insulin resistance in a predominantly rural population in the Canary Islands., Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in 668 nondiabetic people aged 18-75. IR was estimated with serum glucose and C-peptide (HOMA2-IR). Nutrient intakes were obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. ANOVA was used to analyze nutrient distribution across quartiles of HOMA2-IR. Four multivariate nutrient density models (dependent variable: log-transformed HOMA2-IR) which differed only in the kinds of carbohydrates included were tested (Model 1: carbohydrates; Model 2: GI and then GL; Model 3: free fructose, other simple sugars and starch; Model 4: total fructose, remaining sugars and starch)., Results: There was no association between GI and IR. There was a direct association between GL (P < 0.001), fructose (free [P = 0.001], total [P = 0.013]), energy intake (P < 0.001), fruit fiber (<0.001), and glucose (P = 0.003) with IR. There was an inverse association between cereal (P = 0.008) and vegetable fiber (P < 0.001) and IR. Multivariate models corroborated the association of carbohydrates, GL, fructose, vegetable fiber, and energy intake with IR. The association between GL and IR disappeared when Model 2 was adjusted by total fructose intake., Conclusions: There was a direct association between fructose intake and IR. There was no relationship between GI and IR. Although a direct association of GL with IR was detected, it was attributable to the consumption of fructose.

Background: The registering of eating habits requires a valid and reliable method. The purpose of this study is to validate the food intake frequency questionnaire, CDC-FFQ, which is an adaptation of another questionnaire, in order to assess the nutrition of the adult population of the Canary Islands., Methods: The CDC-FFQ questionnaire was given to 1,067 individuals taken from the general population (GP) and to 106 university students, aged 19 to 30. The second group was surveyed also in three 24-hour follow-ups. The nutrients were compared according to the CDC-FFQ in the GP and university students. The correlations were estimated between the CDC-FFQ and the follow-ups for nutrients and groups of foods and the concordance of the intakes of nutrients and groups of foods in the extreme quintiles, for the university students., Results: The mean values between nutrients of the CDC-FFQ between the GP, university students and the general population with university studies showed no significant differences except for vitamin B12 (p=0.004) and vitamin D (p=0.005). Correlations between the CDC-FFQ and the mean of the three follow-ups were obtained in the 0.202-0.601 range between nutrients adjusted by calories consumed in the case of the university students. By groups of foods, the correlations ranged between 0.243-0.542 for the CDC-FFQ and the follow-ups. The concordance of nutrients ranged between 39% and 100% and for groups of foods, between 41% and 100%., Conclusions: The CDC-FFQ questionnaire is valid for classifying the subjects in the relative ranges of their level of intake of foods and nutrients and, therefore, it could be useful in epidemiological studies with a diet assessment in the adult population of the Canary Islands.

Objective: To find out whether dietetic education in children improve its effectiveness with participation of mothers., Design: We made a field try., Setting: Two primary schools in Taco (La Laguna)., Subjects: We included every students who was in 7.o course in both schools (139 children)., Intervention: We assigned the children of one school to the educative intervention with mothers and the other school to the dietetic education without mothers. The intervention consist of four lectures about the fat food and the good feed., Measurements and Main Results: We measured the dietetic knowledge with a questionnaire. And we made two plasmatic analysis to measure the lipidemia pre and postintervention. We excluded unauthorized children and those with more than one absence in our four classes. Both children groups showed a significative improvement in their knowledge (p < 0.05). The cholesterolaemia only decreased in the group with mothers (p = 0.01). It had a pradoxical diminishment of cholesterol HDL at the beginning was greater than 170 mg/dl, the reduction was more important yet in the group with mothers., Conclusions: The dietetic education can have variations in its effectiveness according the method employed and people who receive it. In the dietetic education of children the inclusion of mothers improve its effectiveness.