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In this study, we principally investigate a fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system including distributed time delays and discrete time delays. Taking advantage of transformation of the variable, we obtain an isovalent version of the considered fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system including distributed time delays and discrete time delays. The isovalent version includes fractional‐order and integer‐order equations. Utilizing the stability criterion and bifurcation theory of fractional‐order differential equation, a novel delay‐independent bifurcation condition to ensure the appearance of Hopf bifurcation for the fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system is set up. The impact of time delay on the stability and bifurcation is clearly revealed. Numerical simulation figures are presented to sustain the rationality of the derived key conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of this paper examine uniformly asymptotically stability (UAS). uniformly boundedness (UB). ultimately uniformly boundedness (UUB) and existence of periodic solutions (EPSs) of certain nonlinear delay differential equations (DDEs) of third order with multiple constant delays. They prove two results and give a corollary on these properties of solutions. The main results of this paper have sufficient conditions and the technique of the proofs for these results is based on construction of a proper Lyapunov- KrasovskiT function (LKF). This paper has novel results to the theory of DDEs of third order and fills some gaps related to the mentioned concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, some new results are obtained on asymptotic behavior and stability analysis of the mixed type differential equation x′t=∫−10xt−r1θdvθ+∫−10xt+r2θdηθ,where xt∈ℝ, r1θ and r2θ are real nonnegative continuous functions on −1,0, and vθ and ηθ are real valued functions of bounded variation on −1,0. These results were obtained by using an appropriate real root of the characteristic equation. Moreover, by the use of two appropriate distinct real roots of the corresponding characteristic equation, a new result on the behavior of solutions is established. Five examples are also given to illustrate our results. We also presented the application of the obtained results in the special case of constant coefficients and have given three different cases in one example. The results obtained in this article show that real roots play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Stability properties of DEs with a general distributed delay are investigated. • Saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation curves are determined in a general framework. • Stability region of the equilibrium is fully characterized in the parameter plane. • Criticality of Hopf bifurcation is analyzed by the multiple times scales method. • Theoretical results are showcased in the framework of a simple neural model. For a differential equation involving a general distributed time delay, a local stability and bifurcation analysis is performed, relying on fundamental properties of the characteristic function of the random variable whose probability density function is the delay distribution. Based on the root locus method, the bifurcation curves are determined in the considered parameter plane, also providing the number of unstable roots of the analyzed characteristic equation in each of the open connected regions delimited by these curves. This leads to a characterisation of the stability region of the considered equilibrium in the corresponding parameter plane. A Hopf bifurcation analysis is also completed in the general setting, and the criticality is analyzed by employing the method of multiple times scales. In contrast with some previously reported results from the literature, our analysis is accomplished in a general context and only then exemplified for particular types of delay distributions (e.g. Dirac, Gamma, uniform and triangular). The theoretical results are showcased in the framework of a simple neural model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time hybrid simulation evaluates the response of a structure in real time. In this study, a building with multi-story structure is divided into numerical and experimental substructures, and the vibration behavior of the experimental story is studied among the real-time simulation of the other stories. For applying the effect of static and inertial forces produced by the other stories to the experimental story, an electrohydraulic actuator and a shake table are used, respectively. The dynamics of the electrohydraulic actuator and the shake table can be estimated entirely by time delays, and these delays in the loop of simulation can reduce accuracy and cause system instability. Therefore, a delayed differential equation is used to determine the critical time delays depending on the system parameters. Results of simulation show the effect of non-dimensional parameters and time delays on the stability margin of hybrid simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract There exist a well-developed stability theory for neutral differential equations of the first order and only a few results on functional differential equations of the second order. One of the aims of this paper is to fill this gap. Explicit tests for stability of linear neutral delay differential equations of the second order are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we determine sufficient conditions for the boundedness, uniformly asymtotically stability of the solutions to a certain fourth-order non-autonomous differential equations with bounded delay by considering second method of Lyapunov. The results obtain essentially improve, include and complement the consequences in the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to get some sufficient conditions which guarantee the asymptotic stability and uniform boundedness of the null solution of some differential equations of third order with the variable delay. The most efficient tool for the study of the stability and boundedness of solutions of a given nonlinear differential equation is provided by Lyapunov theory. However the construction of such functions which are positive definite with corresponding negative definite derivatives is in general a difficult task, especially for higher-order differential equations with delay. Such functions and their time derivatives along the system under consideration must satisfy some fundamental inequalities. Here the Lyapunov second method or direct method is used as a basic tool. By defining an appropriate Lyapunov functional, we prove two new theorems on the asymptotic stability and uniform boundedness of the null solution of the considered equation. Our results obtained in this work improve and extend some existing well-known related results in the relevant literature which were obtained for nonlinear differential equations of third order with a constant delay. We also give an example to illustrate the importance of the theoretical analysis in this work and to test the effectiveness of the method employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite-dimensional approximations are developed for retarded delay differential equations (DDEs). The DDE system is equivalently posed as an initial-boundary value problem consisting of hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). By exploiting the equivalence of partial derivatives in space and time, we develop a new PDE representation for the DDEs that is devoid of boundary conditions. The resulting boundary condition-free PDEs are discretized using the Galerkin method with Legendre polynomials as the basis functions, whereupon we obtain a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that is a finite-dimensional approximation of the original DDE system. We present several numerical examples comparing the solution obtained using the approximate ODEs to the direct numerical simulation of the original non-linear DDEs. Stability charts developed using our method are compared to existing results for linear DDEs. The presented results clearly demonstrate that the equivalent boundary condition-free PDE formulation accurately captures the dynamic behaviour of the original DDE system and facilitates the application of control theory developed for systems governed by ODEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with certain non-linear unperturbed and perturbed systems of integro-delay differential equations (IDDEs). We investigate fundamental properties of solutions such as uniformly stability (US), uniformly asymptotically stability (UAS), integrability and instability of the un-perturbed system of the IDDEs as well as the boundedness of the perturbed system of IDDEs. In this paper, five new and improved fundamental qualitative results, which have less conservative conditions, are obtained on the mentioned fundamental properties of solutions. The technique used in the proofs depends on Lyapunov-Krasovski functionals (LKFs). In particular cases, three examples and their numerical simulations are provided as numerical applications of this paper. This paper provides new, extensive and improved contributions to the theory of IDDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper continues the work contained in two previous papers of the authors, devoted to the qualitative study of the dynamical system generated by a delay differential equation that models leukemia. The problem depends on five parameters and has two equilibria. As already known, at the non-zero equilibrium solution, for certain values of the parameters, Hopf bifurcation occurs. Our aim here is to investigate the Bautin bifurcation for the considered model. By using a second order approximation of the center manifold, we compute the first Lyapunov coefficient for Hopf bifurcation points. We explore the space of parameters in a zone of biological interest and find, by direct computation, points where the first Lyapunov coefficient equals zero. These are candidates for Bautin type bifurcation. For these points we compute the second Lyapunov coefficient, that determines the type of Bautin bifurcation. The computation of the second Lyapunov coefficient requires a fourth order approximation of the center manifold, that we determine. The points with null first Lyapunov coefficient obtained are given in tables and are also plotted on surfaces of Hopf bifurcation obtained by fixing two parameters. Next we vary two parameters around a point in the space of parameters with and numerically explore the behavior of the solution. The results confirm the Bautin type-bifurcation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the uniform exponential stability of ordinary and delay dynamic equations. After revealing the equivalence between various types of uniform exponential stability definitions on time scales with bounded graininess, and demonstrating their relation when the graininess is arbitrary, we confine our attention to the uniform exponential stability of ordinary dynamic equations. We introduce and prove the Bohl–Perron criterion for delay dynamic equations: if for any bounded right-hand side, the solution of the delay dynamic equation with bounded coefficients and delays is bounded, then the trivial solution of the equation is uniformly exponentially stable. We also obtain some corollaries of this criterion. Based on these results, explicit exponential stability tests are derived for delay dynamic equations with nonnegative coefficients, which are illustrated with an example on a nonstandard time scale. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We consider two regions with a fish population that is dispersing between the two areas, and fishing takes place only in region 2, with region 1 established as no-fishing zone. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been promoted as conservation and fishery management tools, and at present, there are over 1300 MPAs in the world. A new mathematical model of an MPA that reflects the complexity of the natural setting is presented. The resulting model of an age-structured fish population belongs to a class of non-linear systems of differential equations with delay. New easily verifiable sufficient conditions for the existence, boundedness, permanence and stability of the positive internal steady-state solutions are obtained. From the point of view of fishery managers, the existence of stable solutions is necessary for planning harvesting strategies and sustaining the fishing grounds. Numerical simulations illustrate qualitative behaviour of the model, including stability switches. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Stochastic delay differential equations with wideband noise perturbations is considered. First it is shown that the perturbed system converges weakly to a stochastic delay differential equation driven by a Brownian motion. Stability and asymptotic properties of stochastic delay differential equations with a small parameter are developed. It is shown that the properties such as stability, recurrence, etc., of the limit system with time lag is preserved for the solution xε(·) of the underlying delay equation for ε > 0 small enough. Perturbed Liapunov function method is used in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we study Eq. for asymptotic stability of the zero solution when and uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimate bounded of all solutions when [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we consider a nonlinear scalar delay differential equation with variable delays and give some new conditions for the boundedness and stability by means of Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theory. A stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved. The results in [T.A. Burton, Stability by fixed point theory or Liapunov’s theory: A comparison, Fixed Point Theory 4 (2003) 15–32; T.A. Burton, T. Furumochi, Asymptotic behavior of solutions of functional differential equations by fixed point theorems, Dynamic Systems and Applications 11 (2002) 499–519; B. Zhang, Fixed points and stability in differential equations with variable delays, Nonlinear Analysis 63 (2005) e233–e242] are improved and generalized. Some examples are given to illustrate our theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the stability properties of theoretical solution and numerical solution to nonlinear neutral differential equations with two delays in Banach space. Some sufficient conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of the systems are given. The numerical stability of θ-methods when applied to the systems is also considered. A series of new stability results of θ-methods are obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we study the oscillatory and global asymptotic stability of a single neuron model with two delays and a general activation function. New sufficient conditions for the oscillation and nonoscillation of the model are given. We obtain both delay-dependent and delay-independent global asymptotic stability criteria. Some of our results are new even for models with one delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a class of smooth essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows and improve the limit set dichotomy for essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows. Generic convergence and stability properties of this class of smooth essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows are then developed. We also establish the generalized Krein–Rutman Theorem for a compact and eventually essentially strongly positive linear operator. By applying the main results of this paper to essentially cooperative and irreducible systems of delay differential equations, we obtain some results on generic convergence and stability, the linearized stability of an equilibrium and the existence of the most unstable manifold in these systems. The obtained results improve some corresponding ones already known. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We investigate the behavior of population models in a periodically varying environment. In this paper, we introduce the Fox surplus harvesting model with delay We obtain explicit conditions for existence of global solutions, existence of a positive periodic solution, oscillation of all solutions about positive equilibrium and global attractivity of this equilibrium. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the conditions for oscillations and stability of the Fox model. It was also found that oscillations in the intrinsic rate r(t) and the environmental carrying capacity K(t) contributed quantitatively and qualitatively to the system’s dynamics in significant ways, and cannot be neglected in mathematical models of biological systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we consider a linear scalar neutral stochastic differential equation with variable delays and give conditions to ensure that the zero solution is asymptotically mean square stable by means of fixed point theory. These conditions do not require the boundedness of delays, nor do they ask for a fixed sign on the coefficient functions. An asymptotic mean square stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved. Some well-known results are improved and generalized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we are concerned with the exponential asymptotic stability of the solution of a class of differential equations with state dependent delays. Our approach is based on the Crandall–Liggett approximation and the properties of semigroups. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present paper is concerned with the numerical solution to initial value problems of neutral delay differential equations (NDDEs). The sufficient conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of the general linear methods for a class R α,β of nonlinear systems of NDDEs are derived. Numerical test is given that confirm the theoretical results in the end. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is known that Alekseev''s variation of parameters formula for ordinary differential equations can be generalized to other types of causal equations (including delay differential equations and Volterra integral equations), and corresponding discrete forms. Such variation of parameters formulae can be employed, together with appropriate inequalities, in discussing the behaviour of solutions of continuous and discretized problems, the significance of parameters in mathematical models, sensitivity and stability issues, bifurcation, and (in classical numerical analysis) error control, convergence and super-convergence of densely defined approximations and error analysis in general. However, attempts to extend Alekseev''s formula to nonlinear Volterra integral equations are not straightforward, and difficulties can recur in attempts to analyze the sensitivity of functionally-dependent or structurally-dependent solutions. In analyzing sensitivity we discuss behaviour for infinitesimally small perturbations. In discussions of stability we need to establish the existence of bounds on changes to solutions (or their decay in the limit as ) that ensue from perturbations in the problem. Yet the two topics are related, not least through variation of parameters formulae, and (motivated by some of our recent results) we discuss this and related issues within a general framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper considers the stability problem of nontrivial solutions of delay differential equations with state-dependent impulses. By using the concepts of reduced system and quasi-stability, the stability problem of a nontrivial solution of the impulsive delay differential equation with state-dependent impulses is converted to that of the trivial solution of the impulsive delay differential equation with fixed impulses. Several stability criteria are then established utilizing the known results for systems with fixed impulses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We consider a network of three identical neurons with multiple discrete signal transmission delays. The model for such a network is a system of nonlinear delay differential equations. After some consideration of the absolute synchronization of the system and the global attractivity of the zero solution, we present a detailed discussion about the boundaries of the stability region of the trivial solution. This allows us to determine the possible codimension one bifurcations which occur in the system. In particular, we show the existence of standard Hopf bifurcations giving rise to synchronized periodic solutions and of equivariant Hopf bifurcations giving rise to three types of periodic solutions: phase-locked, mirror-reflecting, and standing waves. Hopf–Hopf and Hopf–steady state bifurcations interactions are shown to exist and give rise to coexistence of stable synchronized and desynchronized solutions. Perturbation techniques coupled with the Floquet theory are used to determine the stability of the phase-locked oscillations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with a class of essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows, which are defined on an ordered metric space and are generalizations of strongly order-preserving semiflows. For essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows, we prove several principles, which are analogues of the nonordering principle for limit sets, the limit set dichtomy and the sequential limit set trichotomy for strongly order-preserving semiflows. Then, under certain compactness hypotheses, we obtain some results on convergence, quasiconvergence and stability in essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows. Finally, some applications are made to quasimonotone systems of delay differential equations and reaction–diffusion equations with delay, and the main advantages of our results over the classical ones are that we do not require the delicate choice of state space and the technical ignition assumption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We study stability of antisymmetric periodic solutions to delay differential equations. We introduce a one-parameter family of periodic solutions to a special system of ordinary differential equations with a variable period. Conditions for stability of an antisymmetric periodic solution to a delay differential equation are stated in terms of this period function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the nonlinear stability properties of a class of linear multistep methods when applied to initial value problems of stiff delay differential equations in Banach spaces. For the test problem classes D(α, λ ∗, β) and D(α, λ ∗, δ, β) in Banach spaces, a series of new stability results of the linear multistep methods are obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The mathematical modeling of many problems in biology (the model for myelinated axons) has been formulated as nonlinear delay differential equations. Some basic properties of the myelinated axons are discussed. The numerical scheme for solving this model is described. The convergence and stability of numerical treatments that are discussed analytically are tested. The dependence of both the solution and the internodal delay τ on the various physical parameters are investigated and its numerical results are presented and interpreted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper deals with the stability of Runge-Kutta methods of collocation type adapted to the numerical solution of initial value problems for delay differential equations. In order to obtain the adaptation of these Runge-Kutta methods to delay equations, the interpolation procedure is considered that uses the relevant local collocation polynomials from the past. Our analysis concerns a well-known stability condition that forms a natural generalization of the classical concept of A-stability to the case of delay differential equations. Up to now, the problem has been open in the literature of whether the stability condition above is fulfilled in the interesting case of the Radau IIA methods if the number of stages v ≥ 2. In this paper, we prove that if v = 2 or v = 3, then the answer is negative. Next, by strong numerical evidence, we arrive at a conjecture stating that the stability condition is not satisfied in the case of the Radau IIA methods whenever v ≥ 2. We finally establish further insight by numerically examining the relevant stability regions, in ℂ × ℂ, for v = 2,3,…, 10. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper deals with H-stability of the linear θ-method with a general variable stepsize for the system of pantograph equations with two delay terms. A sufficient condition such that the system of pantograph equations is asymptotically stable is derived. Furthermore, when the linear θ-method with a general variable stepsize is applied to this system, it is shown that the linear θ-method is H-stable if and only if 1/2<θ⩽1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We study scalar first order linear autonomous neutral delay differential equations with distributed type delays. This article presents some new results on the asymptotic behavior, the nonoscillation and the stability. These results are obtained via a real root (with an appropriate property) of the characteristic equation. Applications to the special cases such as (non-neutral) delay differential equations are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies stability problems of impulsive control systems with time delay. Several criteria on asymptotic stability are established using the method of Lyapunov functions and Lyapunov functionals. It is shown that by using impulsive feedback control, a linear delay differential system can be stabilized even if it contains no stable matrix. Some examples are also discussed to illustrate the theorems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the paper, employing the variational Lyapunov method, stability and instability properties in terms of two measures for impulsive delay differential equations with fixed moments of impulsive effects are discussed. Some stability and instability criteria are obtained. These results much generalize the known ones. Some examples are given to illustrate the advantages of them as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Transition from excitability to asymptotic periodicity in an excitable system, modeled by the FitzHugh–Nagumo equations, with multiple time-delays, is analyzed. It is demonstrated that, for intermediate time-lags, the system has two coexisting attractors, a hyperbolic stable fixed point and a stable limit cycle. The fixed point is destabilized via subcritical Hopf bifurcation for much larger values of the time-lags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies equation (1.1) in two cases: