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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is closely linked with obesity, and can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Despite its prevalence, there is a limited understanding of NAFLD in the context of obesity and bariatric surgery, with few guidelines on clinical management and limited understanding of its pathophysiology. Bariatric surgery presents an ideal platform for NAFLD research. This thesis addresses key knowledge gaps in a range of clinical and pathophysiological areas encompassing the full spectrum of NAFLD, with the primary aim of improving management of this pervasive disease in obesity.