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The present study describes the strains of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolated from Tunisian hemodialysis patients. Thirty-three HCV strains isolated from different dialysis centers in Tunis City were amplified by RT-PCR in a region of the NS5b gene, genotyped by sequencing, and compared to international sequences by phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree showed that 16 HCV isolates have been identified as subtype 4k (48.5%), 7 as unspecified HCV-4 subtype (21.2%), 5 as subtype 4a et 1b (each 15.2%). The analysis of this tree revealed that the HCV-1b strains were closely related to Anglo-Saxon and European isolates, while the HCV-4 isolates are genetically similar to Egyptian and African strains. Phylogenic analysis of 33 Tunisian isolates with international HCV strains on a region of the NS5b gene demonstrated that the subtype 4k submerged the Tunis city and a new subtype of HCV4 seems to be suspect in this area.

Background In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of the most common mutations occurring in Enhancer II (EnhII), Basal Core Promoter (BCP), Precore (PC), and Core (C) regions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome. Objectives We also investigated the correlation between HBV variants, their genotypes, and patients’ HBe antigen (HBeAg: soluble shape of the capsid antigen) status. Patients and Methods We retrieved viral DNA from 40 serum samples of Tunisian patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA, amplified the above mentioned regions using specific primers, and sequenced the corresponding PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products. For further analysis purpose, the patients were divided into two groups: Group1 including 34 HBeAg-negative patients and Group2 with 6 HBeAg-positive patients. Results Twenty-one patients (52.5%) showed PC G1896A mutation and 11 (27.5%) carried A1762T/G1764A double mutations. These mutations were more frequent in HBeAg-negative patients than that in HBeAg-positive ones. Indeed, 58.8% of patients bearing G1896A mutation were HBeAg-negative while 16.7% were positive. In patients bearing T1762/A1764 double mutation, 29.4% were positive and 16.7% were negative. In addition, the A1896 mutation was restricted to HBV isolates that had wild-type T1858, while C1858 was rather linked to the occurrence of T1762/A1764 mutation. Interestingly, this study revealed a high frequency of genotype E. This frequency was important as compared to that of genotype D known to be predominant in the country as delineated in previous studies. Conclusions Previous results supported and showed that HBV strains present in Tunisia belonging to genotype D and, to a lesser extent, to genotype E, were prone to mutations in BCP/ PC regions. This observation was more obvious in HBV isolates from asymptomatic chronic carriers (AsC). The high mutational rates observed in our study might result from a mechanism of viral escape that plays an important role in the loss of HBeAg.