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The DHARMA Encoding Guide for Critical Editions is a set of guidelines for creating critical editions of premodern South and Southeast Asian texts written in Sanskrit and/or in vernacular languages heavily impacted by the Sanskrit tradition. Specifically, this Encoding Guide concerns digital editions in XML format compliant with the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard. These guidelines have been developed in the context of the ERC-funded project DHARMA, but it is hoped that they will help to establish new standards in South and Southeast Asian philology also beyond the DHARMA project.

this document is a plain list of signs available in JSesh 7.5.5. Future versions might be more ambitious, but the current version is mostly for reference in the discussion of sign lists, and to help scholars who would need to compare various editions of the software. &nbsp

This poster, stemming from the "Networking Jacobites" project at Simon Fraser University, reports on the challenges faced and theoretical perspectives gained in our attempts at describing an 18th-century Jacobite manuscript, “The Lyon in Mourning.” Compiled by Jacobite Episcopalian minister Robert Forbes after the suppression of the 1745 Jacobite Rising, “The Lyon in Mourning'' consists of 2148 pages of transcribed conversations, narrative accounts, poems, songs, letters, epitaphs, and even material relics such as scraps of fabric and pieces of a boat. It is an extraordinary document in Scottish history, compiled to preserve the memories of those on the losing side of the Jacobite conflict at a time when Jacobites were subject to legal proscription including capital punishment. It is also a remarkable document in the history of text encoding: not only do the ten-volumes serve as an early "hypertext" with various cross-references and footnotes throughout the collection, but Forbes' meticulously compiled manuscript also seems to anticipate the methodological protocols of the TEI, featuring careful documentation on the biographical, bibliographical, and presentational metadata about his source material. Our poster will discuss how the project has approached encoding Forbes' 10-volume manuscript and the difficulties that we have faced during the first phase of the project, which has focused on compiling metadata for each item. This metadata on the people, places, and places found in the pages of Forbes' manuscript—encoded using elements drawn from the "msdescription" and "corpus" modules of the TEI—will allow our project to derive new evidence about the extent and nature of Jacobite activity in post-1745 Scotland, despite government attempts to suppress the Jacobite cause. However, as we discuss, using TEI to analyze the work of someone who has already done his own work of encoding becomes a difficult task in itself. How do we encode the encoding?&nbsp

Poster abstract and PDF version of the poster itself.

notice soumise pour le dictionnaire «En Quête de sources»; International audience; Compter les mots, compter les choses… Au delà de la simple quantification, les méthodes d'analyse fondées sur le calcul, au sens large, aidées des machines à calculer que sont les ordinateurs, permettent une nouvelle appréhension et de nouvelles interrogations sur les sources, textuelles notamment, mais pas uniquement.

This poster presents a planned project about a digital edition of the thematic and non-thematic catalogues published bei Breitkopf in Leipzig in the second half of the 18th century.

This panel addresses the TEI critical apparatus as a data model, investigating how it has expanded the capacity of scholarly editions to articulate and analyze phenomena of textual variation and multiplicity. We will discuss how the TEI critical apparatus, as a structure that mediates distinct versions of a work, is expanding horizons for multidimensional and pluralistic document modeling. Our panel surveys recent experiments with the critical apparatus that have led to new kinds of scholarly research and in some cases to revisions to the TEI Guidelines. What kinds of research questions and applications can we support with the TEI critical apparatus, and what practical challenges do we face in working with it in inline and stand-off ways? We begin by investigating how the TEI critical apparatus has transformed the expressive capacity of scholarly editions to prioritize textual multiplicity. We continue by sharing data models that apply TEI critical apparatus as a stand-off “spine” for connecting independently encoded witnesses. We conclude by inviting the audience to discuss with us the scalability of these methods for texts with large numbers of witnesses, and the technological challenges and opportunities of stand-off methods in light of recent changes to the TEI Guidelines.&nbsp

International audience; The Bibliothèques Virtuelles Humanistes (BVH, or Virtual Humanistic Libraries) is a project run since 2002 by a research team founded by Marie-Luce Demonet in the Centre d’Études Supérieures de la Renaissance (CESR, or Center for Advanced Renaissance Studies) at the University of Tours, France.Its goal is to develop a digital library (http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/) delivering two types of reliable digital representations, facsimile and text, closely linked together. Since 2007, the BVH website has included the Epistemon corpus of digital editions of Renaissance texts in French: Texts are directly transcribed from the original printed or handwritten document, and the critical apparatus is encoded with the XML-TEI standard, adapted to French Renaissance spelling. They constitute open philological editions, freely downloadable and re-usable. Digitization and editing of electronic texts follow usually two distinct workflows. Our main concern is to merge these two workflows, using a single XML schema and to ensure a close correspondence between these two datasets (image-text) incorporating rich metadata.To keep on the long-term project of Renaissance text corpora in the current tendency of pauperisation of public research in France, we diversify projects to get necessary funding: Rabelais website (http://renom.univ-tours.fr) and the « Montaigne at work » project (http://montaigne.univ-tours.fr) provide accurate digital editions and propose particular modes of reading and navigation of French literature masterpieces.The last “Bibliotheques Françoises” project combines a digital edition and a database. The texts of the first bio-bibliographical dictionaries of French authors, Bibliotheque of La Croix du Maine (Paris, 1584) and that of Du Verdier (Lyon, 1585), are encoded in XML-TEI and the bio-bibliographical recordings extracted from the structured text constitute a specific database. These metadata aligned with references of online databases like ISTC, USTC or VIAF form a dynamic web-space of interoperability.

49 1. Suiting style to theme, I have used an incomplete,minimal set of XML tags to mark out the sections of this paper. 2. I use discourse in this essay to refer elastically to digitally born, transmitted, and/or received information that is mediated through the combination of databaseand XML-based technologies described below.While in its narrower sense discourse refers to language-based communication, the term is still apt in the age of multimedia.While a contemporary data streammay consist of digital image, video, or sound, for example, it is still discursive to the extent that its production, transmission, aggregation, and coordination—in a word, management—are increasingly controlled (in the database and XML system I outline) through such text-based standards as SVG and SMIL (XML-based standards applicable to multimedia). Transcendental Data: Toward a Cultural History and Aesthetics of the New Encoded Discourse

In the TEI view, texts and their divisions may contain a fairly limited range of ‘structural’ components. These include such things as the headings or preliminary matter at the start or end of a division, and a number of basic building blocks which are characteristic of prose, verse, or drama. Prose, for the most part, consists of paragraphs or lists, marked using the elements or respectively. Verse consists of verse lines, marked using the element, or sequences of verse lines ...

Every TEI document must have a TEI Header, represented by a element. This is a container for all the metadata associated with the digital document itself, analogous to the title page of a printed book. In digital libraries and other online repositories, it is customary for the metadata associated with each digital document to be stored or managed separately, for example in a database structure for reasons of efficiency; it is also common practice to expose a subset of such metadat...

The TEI emphasizes what is common to every kind of document, whether physically represented in digital form on disk or memory card, in printed form as book or newspaper, in written form as manuscript or codex, or in inscribed form on stone or wax tablet. This continuity facilitates the migration of text from older manifestations such as print or manuscript to newer ones such as disk or display. Hence, the TEI view of what text actually is is largely conditioned by what text has been in the pa...

As we have seen, the TEI is designed to support a very wide range of encoding choices. It can be used for a simple reading-oriented transcription of a primary source, whether that be an authorial manuscript, a printed literary work, an audio broadcast, or a dictionary. It can be used for enriched encodings in which many aspects of such texts are made explicit, so that software of all kinds can operate upon them, from visualisation tools and digital publishing systems to specialised statistica...

Editorial matters When digitization of primary source materials is undertaken, the first priority is usually to produce good quality digital images of the original source documents. Transcribing and encoding those images is an expensive and difficult operation which cannot readily be automated, if at all, but it is an important next step in the creation of a true ‘digital edition’. For the skilled human reader, the digital image of its pages may be all that is needed to make the source usefu...

All TEI documents are organized in a similar way, no matter what kind of original they represent. We will introduce some of the most commonly encountered variations on this structure by means of some simple examples. Header, Text, and Divisions To begin at the beginning, every TEI document (represented by means of a element) has at least two parts: a header (represented by means of a element) containing metadata describing the document, and the text itself (usually repres...

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines have long been regarded as the de facto standard for the preparation of digital textual resources in the scholarly research community. For the beginner, they offer a daunting range of possibilities, reflecting the huge range of potential applications for text encoding, from traditional scholarly editions, to language corpora, historical lexicons, digital archives and beyond. Drawing on many examples of TEI-encoded text from a variety of research domains, this simple and straightforward book is intended to help the beginner make their own choices from the full range of TEI options. It explains the XML technology used by the TEI in language accessible to the non-technical reader and provides a guided tour of the many parts of the TEI universe, and how it may be customized to suit an individual project’s needs. This work has been produced with the support of Labex Hastec.

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is one of the longest-lived and most influential projects in the field now known as the Digital Humanities. Its purpose is to provide guidelines for the creation and management in digital form of every type of data created and used by researchers in the Humanities, such as source texts, manuscripts, archival documents, ancient inscriptions, and many others. As its name suggests, its primary focus is on text rather than sound or video, but it can usefully be ...

When we talk about the TEI what do we mean? The administrative body which is supported financially by the members of the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium? When we say the TEI sent me this newsletter or we support the TEI we are probably talking about the Consortium as an organization. But when we say The TEI now supports markup of musical notation or The TEI now provides methods for the encoding of genetic editions we are talking about something rather different — the technical content of ...

In this and the following chapter we discuss and exemplify some of the elements defined by the full TEI. The elements discussed in the present chapter are likely to be useful in almost every kind of encoding project; those discussed in the next are more specialized. It should be emphasized that all we aim to do here is to give some sense of the rich variety offered by the TEI; for complete information the Guidelines should always be consulted. Milestones We noted above that the TEI is mos...

This paper is about data in the humanities. Most of my colleagues in literary and cultural studies would not necessarily speak of their objects of study as “data.” If you ask them what it is they are studying, they would rather speak of books, paintings and movies; of drama and crime fiction, of still lives and action painting; of German expressionist movies and romantic comedy. They would mention Denis Diderot or Toni Morrison, Chardin or Jackson Pollock, Fritz Lang or Diane Keaton. Maybe they would talk about what they are studying as texts, images, and sounds. But rarely would they consider their objects of study to be “data.” However, in the humanities just as in other areas of research, we are increasingly dealing with “data.” With digitization efforts in the private and public sectors going on around the world, more and more data relevant to our fields of study exists, and, if the data has been licensed appropriately, it is available for research. The digital humanities aim to raise to the challenge and realize the potential of this data for humanistic inquiry. As Christine Borgman has shown in her book on Scholarship in the Digital Age, this is as much a theoretical, methodological and social issue as it is a technical issue. Indeed, the existence of all this data raises a host of questions, some of which I would like to address here. For example: What is the relation between the data we have and our objects of study? – Does data replace books, paintings and movies? In what way can data be said to be representations of them? What difference does it make to analyze the digital representation or version of a novel or a painting instead of the printed book, the manuscript, or the original painting? What types of data are there in the humanities, and what difference does it make? – I will argue that one can distinguish two types of data, “big” data and “smart” data. What, then, does it mean to deal with big data, or smart data, in the humanities? What new ways of dealing with data do we need to adopt in the humanities? – How is big data and smart data being dealt with in the process of scholarly knowledge generation, that is when data is being created, enriched, analyzed and interpreted?

It is twenty-five years since the Text Encoding Initiative was first launched as a research project following an international conference funded by the US National Endowment for the Humanities. This article describes some key stages in its subsequent evolution from research project into research infrastructure. The TEI's changing nature, we suggest, is partly a consequence of its close and highly responsive relation with an active user community, which may also explain both its longevity and its effectiveness as a part of the digital humanities research infrastructure.

Rad razmatra ulogu opisnih označiteljskih jezika u razvoju digitalne humanistike, novije znanstvene discipline u sklopu društvenih i humanističkih znanosti, koju karakterizira proučavanje mogućnosti uporabe računala u znanstvenoistraživačkom radu. Izložen je kronološki prikaz razvoja digitalne humanistike, a potom i opisnih označiteljskih jezika, u nekoliko razvojnih faza. Pokazano je da je razvoj digitalne humanistike od sredine 1980-ih i pojave SGML-a, označiteljskog jezika na kojem počiva TEI, ključni standard za označavanje i razmjenu humanističkih tekstova u digitalnom okruženju, neodvojiv od razvoja označiteljskih jezika. Posebna je pozornost pridana predstavljanju razvoja Inicijative za označavanje teksta (Text Encoding Initiative – TEI), ključne organizacije koja je razvila istoimeni standard, kako s organizacijskog tako i s označiteljskog aspekta. Do danas TEI standard objavljen je u pet inačica, a tijekom dvijetisućitih SGML je zamijenjen XML označiteljskim jezikom., The paper discusses the role of descriptive markup languages in the development of digital humanities, a new research discipline that is part of social sciences and humanities, which focuses on the use of computers in research. A chronological review of the development of digital humanities, and then descriptive markup languages is exposed, through several developmental stages. It is shown that the development of digital humanities since the mid-1980s and the appearance of SGML, markup language that was the foundation of TEI, a key standard for the encoding and exchange of humanities texts in the digital environment, is inseparable from the development of markup languages. Special attention is dedicated to the presentation of the Text Encoding Initiative – TEI development, a key organization that developed the titled standard, both from organizational and markup perspectives. By this time, TEI standard is published in five versions, and during 2000s SGML is replaced by XML markup language.

TEI P5 version 4.0.0 Release 4.0.0 is codenamed‘Galileo’in honor of Galileo's arrival to Rome on 13 February 1633 to face the Inquisition. We associate Galileo with decentering the earth in official western dogma of the universe. Similarly, the stand-off model in this release of the TEI Guidelines may serve to decenter our models of digital texts and expand our frames of reference. With the addition ofstandOff, a significant change in how characters outside of Unicode are described, and the ability ofTEIto self-nest, this version is significantly different than previous versions, and thus deserves an increase in the “major” release number. In addition to the stand-off model, this release introduces new features and resolves a number of issues raised by the TEI community. As always, the majority of these changes and corrections are a consequence of feature requests or bugs reported by the TEI community using the GitHub tracking system. A full list of the issues resolved in the course of this release cycle may be found under the4.0.0 milestone. The following changes are particularly worth highlighting in this release: ThestandOffelement functions as a container element for linked data, contextual information, and stand-off annotations embedded in a TEI document (#374, thanks to Laurent Romary and Piotr Bański). With the introduction of thestandOffelement a new structural classmodel.describedResourcehas been introduced, andmodel.resourceLikehas been revised and renamedmodel.resource. As theTEIelement is a member of the newmodel.describedResourceclass, it can now be a child of anotherTEIelement. The newstandOffelement: is a child ofTEI(orteiCorpus); may contain stand-off annotations, for example morphosyntactic annotations encoded withspanGrporannotationBlock; may contain stand-off markup, for example a series ofcertainty,linkGrp, oraltelements; may contain contextual information, for examplelistPersonandlistPlace; may contain information that must be pointed to from elsewhere, but is not found in the source document, for example acastListthat represents characters who speak in a drama, but whose roles are not listed in the source document's printed cast list. New elements, attributes, and an attribute class have been introduced for using Unihan properties in TEI (#1805, thanks to Duncan Paterson): The attribute classatt.gaijiPropprovides attributes for defining the properties of non-standard characters or glyphs. Thenameattribute provides the name of the character or glyph property being defined. Thevalueattribute provides the value of the character or glyph property being defined. Theversionattribute specifies the version number of the Unicode Standard in which this property name is defined. A list of suggested values is provided. ThelocalPropelement provides a locally defined character (or glyph) property. TheunicodePropelement provides a Unicode property for a character (or glyph). TheunihanPropelement holds the name and value of a normative or informative Unihan character (or glyph) property as part of its attributes. A list of legal values from theUnicode Han Databaseis provided for thenameattribute onunihanProp. The use of the elementscharProp,charName,localName,unicodeName, andvaluehas been deprecated. Changes were made to improve the precision of language in the Guidelines referring to conformance (#1588) Multiple Schematron rules, assertions, or reports in a singleconstraintSpecare now correctly output as a singlesch:patternin the RELAX NG schemas (#1625). The discussion of validation has been updated inA Gentle Introduction to XML(#1708). The attributesmodeandidenthave been added to theremarkselement (#1713). The elementsdecoNote,explicit, andincipitare now members of themodel.biblPartclass (#1784). The description of thepointsattribute inatt.coordinatedhas been clarified (#1789). Thexrelement is now a member of the attribute classatt.typed(#1810). Our use of the Travis continuous integration server has been migrated from travis.org to travis.com (#1826). An example to specify the source of a translation has been added (#1830). The description of manuscript descriptions clarifies thatmsDesccan be used for all text-bearing objects (#1835). The content model ofrepository,institution, andcollectionhas been changed frommacro.xtexttomacro.phraseSeq.limited(#1836). Thegelement is now available within thezoneelement (#1838). TheplaceNameelement has been added to the classmodel.settingPartand the example in thesettingelement has been changed accordingly (#1842). Thedatelineelement is now a member of the classmodel.pLike.front(#1843). ThecatDescelement is now a member of the attribute classatt.canonical(#1864). A Schematron rule has been added to only allow oneremarkselement per language in specification files (#1872). The datatype of thenameattribute of theattRefelement has been changed fromteidata.texttoteidata.name(#1878). The schema has been tightened to prevent a combination ofvalListin sequence with other members ofmodel.contentPart(#1862). With the addition of thesubtypeattribute to the attribute classatt.textCritical,subtypeis now available onlem,rdg, andrdgGrp(#1867). The content model ofteiCorpushas been changed (#1922). The constraints for teidata.word have been loosened to allow any character except Unicode separators or control characters (#1930). The explanation of Relax NG and XPath, together with its associated graphic in the chapterA Gentle Introduction to XMLhave been revised (#1949). Corrections of typographic errors and broken links, improvements on explanations, and corrections of examples have been conducted in various sections of the Guidelines (including#1760,#1847,#1887,#1907,#1909,#1927,#1936,#1948,#1952,#1954,#1964,#1965,#1968,#1969). Furthermore, a number of translations have been added or updated. In addition, many improvements have been made to the XSLT stylesheets (which provide processing of TEI ODD files forRomaandOxGarageas well as other TEI conversions). The Stylesheets are maintained separately from the Guidelines athttps://github.com/TEIC/Stylesheets. A full list of the issues resolved in the course of this release cycle may be found under the7.49.0 milestone. Highlights of this release include: Thetypeattribute onbiblScopehas been replaced by theunitattribute in the tests (#213). Orphaned files in the test directory have been removed (#216). Relative paths to CSS files in the EPUB transformation have been replaced with absolute paths (#312). The jquery library has been updated (#359). Special characters encoded as in DOCX are now converted tohielements (#389). Correct handling of Schematron rules inattDefelements (#403and#1950). Finally, we have made some significant updates to our documentation and the website: Documentation of Council practices inTCW 20is improved for working with branches in the TEIC GitHub repository#1825. The documentation for updating the TEI Framework in oXygen to the latest release of the TEI Guidelines has been improved#1673and added to the oxygen-tei repository, seeHow to automatically update your TEI framework in oXygen. Corrections have been conducted in various sections of the TEI website (including#1944), and#1938. &nbsp

The text collection Croatiae auctores Latini (CroALa, www.ffzg.hr/klafil/croala, first version published 2009) makes freely accessible Latin texts written by or about people of Croatian origin from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. The collection's users are primarily scholars of Latin and Neo-Latin, as well as of Croatian history and culture. Texts in the CroALa collection are encoded in TEI XML and made searchable and readable over the internet by the PhiloLogic tool. The next step in developing the collection is to turn it into an advantageous resource for the scholarly commnity. To achieve this, the collection has to prove itself as a basis for serious research. What can be done (besides adding more texts) to stimulate such research? The poster outlines and illustrates seven ways in which the CroALa collection is at the moment being made more useful for scholarship, both traditional and digital. The technical solutions by which these enhancements are achieved will also be presented. The seven enhancement strategies are: 1. modelling interpretation by adding thematic encoding to a sub-group of texts 2. fine-tuning the metadata and PhiloLogic to enable grouping by author, period, genre, theme 3. adding supplemental material (digital facsimiles, links to texts annotated by authors interesting for CroALa) 4. enabling the existing TEI/Philologic setup to present bibliographies and similar finding aids (e. g. to Google Book Search) 5. using TEI and XSLT to disseminate texts further (e. g. to Wikisource and other Neo-Latin text collections) 6. accessing other language services (e. g. Alpheios tools, Perseus parser and dictionaries, or Johann Ramminger's Neulateinische Wortliste) from CroALa texts through PhiloLogic 7. making citations easier via BibSonomy The enhancements are realized mainly by XML encoding, XSLT stylesheets, PhiloLogic fine-tuning, and occassional one-liners of code. The solutions are simple and within reach of an advanced computer user (the presenter of this poster is certainly no programmer). However, we consider publishing and documenting these solutions as not altogether trivial. It can serve a pedagogical purpose, first by helping newcomers to find their way around the immense potential opened by the TEI encoding scheme, and then encouraging other humanities scholars to try on the roles of both users and makers (or, at least, adaptators) of TEI-based digital tools: "if I did it, you can do it too!"