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Background: The advent of Personalized Medicine (PM) holds significant promise in revolutionizing healthcare by tailoring treatments to individual patients based on their data. However, its successful implementation requires the seamless integration of innovative technologies and presents formidable challenges in terms of sustainability. To tackle these challenges head-on, the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine (ICPerMed) was established, and the IC2PerMed project, as part of this consortium, seeks to foster collaboration between the European Union (EU) and China in the field of Personalized Medicine. Based on the results collected by the project, the objective of this study is to discern the key priorities for the implementation of Personalised Medicine concerning Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Big Data and digital solutions, with a particular emphasis on data management and protection. Methods: A Delphi survey was conducted to gather expert's consensus on the main priorities for actions on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Big Data and digital solutions in the field of Personalized Medicine. Results: The survey identified seven priorities in the area of Big Data and digital solutions, including data interoperability, standards, security measures, and international partnerships. Additionally, twelve priorities were identified for the innovation-to-market process, emphasizing cost-effectiveness, need assessment, and value definition in resource allocation. Conclusions: The effective implementation of new technologies in Personalized Medicine research and practice is essential for the advancement of healthcare systems in both the European and Chinese contexts. The identified priorities play a pivotal role in promoting the sustainability of health systems and driving innovation in the implementation of Personalized Medicine. Addressing challenges related to data interoperability, standards, security, international collaboration, cost-effectiveness, and value assessment is of utmost importance in order to propel the progress of Personalized Medicine in healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving carbon emission efficiency is crucial for realizing carbon neutralization. Many critical influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency were identified by previous studies, but they ignored the impact of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, which is considered in this study. By employing the panel fixed effect, the moderating effect, and the panel threshold regression models, this study investigates the influence of CCUS technology on carbon emission efficiency and how that impact fluctuates when digital economy is incorporated. Data for China's 30 provinces from 2011 to 2019 is adopted. The results suggest that improving CCUS technology significantly promotes carbon emission efficiency and the promotion effect is positively moderated by digital economy. Considering the level of CCUS technology or digital economy, the effect of CCUS technology on carbon emission efficiency is nonlinear and has significant double-threshold effects. Only when CCUS technology reaches a certain threshold, can it has a significantly positive impact on carbon emission efficiency and that effect has an increasing trend in marginal utility. Meanwhile, with the deepening of digital economy, the relationship between CCUS technology and carbon emission efficiency shows an S-shaped curve trend. Those findings, first combining CCUS technology, digital economy, and carbon emission efficiency together, reflect the significance of advancing CCUS technology and adjusting the development of digital economy for achieving sustainable low-carbon development., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The digital economy has become a driving force in the rapid development of the global economy and the promotion of export trade. Pivotal in its advent, the digital transformation of enterprises utilizes cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and other digital technologies to provide an impetus for evolution and transformation in various industries and fields. in enhancing quality and efficiency. This has been critical for enhancing both quality and efficiency in enterprises based in the People's Republic of China. Through the available data on its listed enterprises, this paper measures their digital transformation through a textual analysis and examines how this transformation influences their export product quality. We then explore the possible mechanisms at work in this influence from the perspective of enterprise heterogeneity. The results find that: (1) Digital transformation significantly enhances the export product quality in an enterprises, and the empirical findings still hold after a series of robustness tests; (2) Further mechanism analysis reveals that the digital transformation can positively affect export product quality through the two mechanisms of process productivity (φ), the ability to produce output using fewer variable inputs, and product productivity (ξ), the ability to produce quality with fewer fixed outlays; (3) In terms of enterprise heterogeneity, the impact of digital transformation on export product quality is significant for enterprises engaged in general trade or high-tech industries and those with strong corporate governance. In terms of heterogeneity in digital transformation of enterprise and the regional digital infrastructure level, the higher the level of digital transformation and regional digital infrastructure, the greater the impact of digital transformation on export product quality. This paper has practical implications for public policies that offer vital aid to enterprises as they seek digital transformation to remain sync with the digital economy, upgrade their product quality, and drive the sustainable, high-quality, and healthy development of their nation's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impacts of new digital technology on carbon emissions in China. To better capture the feature of new digital technology, we distinctively measure it using the invention patent stock of new generation information technology industry. The empirical results show that the development of new digital technology significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) intensity. The results are still robust after addressing the endogeneity issues using instrumental variable regressions. The carbon reduction mechanisms of new digital technology include reducing energy intensity, optimizing energy structure, and advancing treatment technology. We further confirm the spatial spillover and nonlinear effects of new digital technology on CO 2 intensity and the moderating effect of urban digitalization in carbon reduction. The study suggests that the potential of new digital technology in reducing carbon emissions should be highly attentioned by governments., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Digital transformation and sustainability are both at the forefront of current supply chain developments. However, the specific mechanisms of how digital transformation and green supply chain development interact still need to be clarified, which can help supply chain business operators to enhance supply chain sustainability more effectively. This paper focuses on how the companies' organization structure and the socio-economic environment interact with digital technologies under the process of green supply chain development. Based on the "Technology–Organization–Environment" (TOE) framework, this paper analyze how digital transformation can drive green supply chain development. To test the TOE theoretical analysis framework, this paper calculates the digital transformation and green supply chain development index at the provincial level in China and conducts an empirical study. The main findings and implications of this paper can be summarized in the following aspects: First, according to the TOE theory, the external environment dimensions, such as the market and policy environments, affect the role of digital technology in promoting GSC development. Second, in the organizational dimensions, labor–capital relations, company size, and ownership factors can all affect the contribution of digital transformation to green supply chains. Third, there are differences in the impact of different types of digitization technologies on GSC development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital finance generated by technology empowerment profoundly affects the innovative behavior of micro-enterprises. To estimate how digital finance influences the quantity and quality of green technological innovation, this paper introduces digital finance into endogenous economic growth model and further conducts correlation analysis with the combination of fixed effects model (FE) and panel threshold model (PTM). Moreover, this paper investigates the action mechanism from the perspective of financial constraint and financial cost. The empirical results indicate that digital finance improves the quantity and quality of green technological innovation significantly. Compared with the coverage of digital finance and digital services, the impact of usage depth on green innovation accumulates dynamically superimposed in the long term. The digital finance contributes to correct the mismatch of financial resources and further induces inclusive green innovation in the dimension of ownership, growth cycle, and enterprise scale. Mechanism analysis shows that the relief of financial constraint, environmental information disclosure, and increase of R&D investment are the main paths for digital finance to drive green innovation. With the different thresholds, the dynamic evolution process of green innovation driven by digital finance is characterized by "first quantitative change and then qualitative change." This paper suggests that the integration of technological innovation and digital financial services needs to build an inclusive digital financial service system, cultivate diversified financial formats, and improve the market environment of digital financial services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between digital finance and regional green innovation has been partially confirmed, yet the role of environmental regulation in it remains unexplored. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of digital finance on regional green innovation and tests the moderating role of environmental regulation using Chinese city-level data from 2011 to 2019 as a research sample. The results show that digital finance can significantly promote regional green innovation by alleviating regional financing constraints and increasing regional R&D investment. Besides, digital finance has apparent regional difference effects (the contribution of digital finance to regional green innovation is greater in eastern China than in western China, and the development of digital finance in neighbouring regions has a negative transmission effect on local green innovation). Finally, environmental regulation positively moderates the relationship between digital finance and regional green innovation. This paper explores the relationship between digital finance and regional green innovation from the perspective of environmental regulation, providing empirical evidence to promote regional green innovation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Ink element is one of the unique cultural symbols in China, which has profound cultural heritage and spiritual connotation. Animation is a form of art design, and it is a good way to convey and express information in an intuitive artistic image. The use of ink and wash elements for animation design has important value and significance in the start of Chinese culture. It can develop animation design, innovate animation creation forms, and can highlight Chinese style. In this article, we have studied the creation process, creation format, and creation method of using angular digital technology to make ink VR design. It combines art and technology and combines practical experience with wireless sensors. Based on HTML5 interactive technology, we have studied its advantages more deeply, better introduced the theme of ink element animation, solved the problem of realizing ink effect in 3D virtual environment, and better introduced ink animation in virtual reality environment. During the production process, students will learn how to simulate digital objects, render ink and wash effects, build a virtual environment in the later stage, and explore the knowledge, operation, and meaning of ink and wash elements and the animation design process. This paper studies the wireless sensor and HTML5 interactive technology and applies it to the design of ink and wash animation VR, aiming to promote its vigorous development and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the strategy of "Digital China" and "Sustainable Development," the synergistic development of digital economy and green economy has become a crucial topic. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2011 to 2019, this study investigates the direct effect, intrinsic mechanism, and spatial spillover effect of digital technology development (DTD) on urban green development efficiency (GDE). The empirical results show that (1) DTD significantly improves urban GDE in the BTH region, and it passes the endogeneity test, (2) DTD can enhance urban GDE by improving the environmental regulation intensity and technological innovation level in the BTH region; however, the industrial structure optimization weakens the promotion effect of DTD on urban GDE in the BTH region, which shows a "masking effect," (3) the kernel density estimation method and ArcGIS technology reveal the existence of "digital divide" and GDE differences among cities in the BTH region. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of DTD gradually forms "H-H" and "L-L" clusters in the BTH region, and (4) DTD also increases the GDE of neighboring cities through spatial spillover effects in the BTH region, and it passes the robustness test of replacing the spatial weight matrix. This study is important for the BTH region to simultaneously solve economic development and environmental problems in the context of digitalization., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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Shadow play is an ancient traditional folk art in China and a precious Chinese artistic treasure. However, with the continuous diversification of entertainment forms, traditional shadow play art is gradually fading out of sight and even facing the possibility of having no successor. A fast method of creating digital shadow puppets based on parameterized templates is proposed in this paper. Adopting this method can transform the materials of a shadow character designed by an artist into a digital shadow puppet that can be interactively controlled by hand gestures. This paper classifies digital shadow puppets based on an analysis and summary of traditional shadow play art and designs the corresponding parameterized template for each type. In addition, a control method for shadow puppets based on the Leap Motion device is designed and implemented in this paper in accordance with common human hand gestures and the requirements for controlling shadow puppets. Based on the above work, we design and implement a platform for digital shadow story creation and performance and test the proposed method on this platform. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can quickly create digital shadow puppets that can be interactively controlled and allow shadow plays to be performed based on gesture control. The research ideas and achievements of this paper help promote the development of digital shadow play technology and have great significance to the inheritance and development of traditional shadow play art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by digital technologies, urban forest development is at its height in China. Guided by the theories of nature- approximating forestry, potential natural vegetation and new succession, and by the Miyawaki Method, this paper explores the digital design of nature-approximating urban forest by innovatively applying widely-accepted theories with digital technologies. The paper reviews the evolution of nature-approximating urban forest and discusses why it is essential to introduce digital technologies into this type of forest's development. Based on the Miyawaki Method, this study proposes a three-step digital design approach to creating nature-approximating urban forest: cognition, simulation, and construction. Also, an empirical study on Xingtai Forest in a Hebei Green Expo Garden is conducted to analyze the digital design methods of nature-approximating urban forest. Steps include 1) cognition of plants to investigate characteristics of natural communities by collecting their key parameters; 2) construction of target communities by simulating natural communities, analyzing and classifying target habitats of designed communities by relevant software, and developing type and pattern designs of target communities; and 3) production of detailed construction schemes by utilizing Grasshopper and Python to generate digital generation clusters, after which planting design drawings and seedling information can be obtained by inputting values of key parameters. This method provides a new perspective on the digital design of nature- approximating urban forest, which helps facilitate urban forest development in an efficient way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, digital transformation is having various impacts on enterprises around the world, including the green innovation. However, the current literature on the relationship between digitalization and green innovation in enterprises is scarce. What is the relationship between them, and whether heterogeneous environmental regulation has mediating effects, are questions that are worth exploring. Using a sample of listed manufacturing enterprises in China, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital transformation on enterprise green innovation. The results show that: (1) Digital transformation has a significant positive impact on green innovation, including green innovation output and green innovation capability. (2) Diverse environmental regulation may have mediating effects of digital transformation's influence on green innovation. (3) After a number of robustness tests, the conclusions are still valid. This paper can provide a reference for developing green development strategies for manufacturing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and reliable online assessments has become increasingly important in the digital era. We developed a 10-min online word reading assessment of global English based on the existing paper-and-pencil version of our English silent word reading test. The test includes two parts, namely, random word recognition and contextual word reading. A total of 889 participants (437 children and 392 adults; 62.7% female) took part in the study. They were from various regions including mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Poland, the United States, and the Philippines. Reliability and validity analyses on various demographics samples (by age and country/region of origin) demonstrated that the WordSword Test is highly reliable and valid (e.g., the correlation of this test with other English reading measures were above.80). Education level was positively correlated with test performance, while the correlations between age and test performance were not consistent. Ninety-seven children participants also took the paper-and-pencil version of the WordSword Test. The correlation between performances on the online and paper-and-pencil versions of the test was.879, one year apart. With more children and adults taking the WordSword Test, we ultimately hope to establish norms by area, grade level, and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prominence of climate change, geopolitical crises, and global economic slowdown highlights the challenges and structural deficiencies of traditional cross-border agro-food supply chains. As a result, there has been a growing consensus on the need to leverage digital technology to rebuild and innovate a safe, stable, and sustainable global food system. This study assessed the knowledge progress and development trends in the sustainable development of cross-border agro-food supply chains enabled by digital technology. A total of 352 authoritative papers from the core Web of Science database were selected for analysis. The Citespace tool was utilized to visually examine research elements. The findings reveal that research outcomes in this territory experienced a significant period of rapid growth, particularly after 2020. Sustainability and IEEE Access are the journals with the highest and second-highest number of publications. China and the France National Institute are the countries and research institutions with the largest number of publications in this field. The research hotspots are mainly the application of digital technologies, food safety, and supply chain system model innovation. In the past ten years, the research in this territory has gone through three stages: precise timeliness orientation, intelligent strategic decision-making orientation, and model predictability orientation. We further construct the 'antecedent–practice–performance' conceptual framework of the sustainability of the digital technology-enabled cross-border agro-food supply chain. Finally, this paper presents the potential research directions in this territory, focusing on four aspects: research method, research mechanism, research topic, and research frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: The rapid development of digital economy has set off a new wave of enterprise reform. Developing the digital economy is not only an urgent requirement of the current situation, but also an important way to meet the people's better life. Purpose of the article: This paper attempts to reveal the important role of the development of digital technology on the debt financing cost of micro enterprises, and provide micro evidence for the integration of digital economy and real economy. At the same time, this paper wants to provide relevant guidance for formulating digital related policies and reducing the financing cost of the real economy. Methods: Taking China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 as a sample, this paper empirically tests the impact of enterprise digital transformation on debt financing cost and its mechanism. In the robustness test, this paper uses the measures of changing independent variables and dependent variables, instrumental variable method and quantile regression method. In the mechanism test, this paper uses the intermediary effect model. In the further study, this paper uses the method of group regression. Findings & value added: The study finds that the digital transformation of enterprises significantly reduces the cost of debt financing. Mechanism tests show that the role of enterprise digital transformation in reducing debt financing costs is mainly realized by reducing information asymmetry and alleviating agency problems. Further tests show that the relationship between enterprise digital transformation and debt financing cost is affected by the degree of market competition, whether it is a high-tech enterprise and audit quality. When the degree of market competition is high, the enterprise is a high-tech one, or it is audited by the four major international accounting firms, the effect of enterprise digital transformation on the reduction of debt financing cost is more significant. The method used in this paper is also applicable to the study of other economic management problems. This paper proves a positive significance of digital transformation, which is conducive to promoting the digital transformation of enterprises. Especially for those enterprises in non-high-tech industries, they should speed up the pace. At the same time, this paper has a certain guiding role for the introduction and implementation of policies to encourage digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging discourse contends that China has become a willing collaborator for digital technology abuse through substantial investments in Africa’s digital infrastructure, thus leaving digital power at the discretion of unstable African governments. However, it is unclear whether Chinese companies are willing collaborators with autocratic regimes in advancing China’s model of digital authoritarianism in the African continent. Despite the need to better understand the changing dynamics of China’s role in aiding authoritarian regimes through digital technologies, research that responds to these concerns remains empirically understudied and under-conceptualised. The central question this paper addresses is: How does China’s model of digital authoritarianism affect autocratic politics and the trajectory of authoritarian regimes in Africa? The article’s primary objective is to investigate allegations that China is promoting its internet model, which includes censorship and restrictions, through digital investments in African countries. A related aim is to examine how African governments have abused their digital infrastructure to undermine their electoral processes and roll back democratic gains made since the early 1990s. In grappling with these concerns, part of this paper’s contribution is to explore critical practices and meanings of power that appear to have produced trajectories towards digital authoritarianism in Africa. The paper’s main departure point is the proposition that democratic rollbacks can be only partially understood by tracing China’s digital footprints on the continent. The article finds proliferating discourses that China is exporting an authoritarian digital authoritarianism model to Africa misleading. Instead, the evidence suggests that African autocracies are exploiting the adoption of China’s model of the internet to roll back democratic gains through surveillance and censorship of civil liberties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most active field in China's economic development, the digital economy is crucial to the high-quality development of enterprises. Taking Chinese-listed agricultural enterprises as research samples, this paper discusses the effect of the digital economy on promoting the high-quality development of agricultural enterprises and the mechanism behind it from the perspective of total factor productivity of enterprises. The study found that the digital economy significantly promoted the improvement of total factor productivity of agricultural enterprises and enabled the high-quality development of agricultural enterprises, and this conclusion remained valid after controlling for endogeneity and conducting robustness tests. In terms of action mechanisms, the digital economy is conducive to promoting green innovation and promoting the high-quality development of agricultural enterprises; However, entrepreneurial activity has a masking effect. Further analysis shows that the digital economy plays a more significant role in promoting non-resource-intensive agricultural enterprises located in northern China. At the same time, the higher the industrial structure and financial development level of the region, the more positive impact the digital economy can play. This study verifies the impact mechanism of the digital economy on the high-quality development of agricultural enterprises and provides enlightenment for China's the digital economy policy-making and enterprises' the high-quality development strategy decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, digital transformation is included in the heterogeneity model of firms. Based on a general equilibrium analysis, we find that under the effect of diminishing marginal productivity, digital transformation does not always have a positive impact on firms' markups, but has an "inverted U-shaped" nonlinear influence, which first promotes and then inhibits markups. Firm innovation and firm productivity are the key micro-mechanisms for the above effects to play a role. Based on the analysis of typical facts and empirical data of listed companies, the measurement test yields the following results. First, digital transformation can significantly improve firms' markups when it is below a specific threshold value, but it will have a negative impact when it exceeds this value. That is, there is an "inverted U-shaped" nonlinear relationship between digital transformation and firms' markups. Second, the heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has a greater effect on the markups of state-owned firms, export firms and technology-intensive firms than on the markups of other firms. Third, digital transformation has an impact on firms' markups through two key mechanisms: firm innovation ability and production efficiency. The quantitative empirical results confirm the correctness of the theoretical expectations. Therefore, firms need to grasp the strategic opportunities brought by the progress of digital technology and accelerate the process of promoting the digital transformation. Firms should make proper choices in the selection and arrangement of key areas, as well as avoid possible problems such as "too much". In this way, we can better consolidate the micro foundation of China's high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering China's 'isolated' digital ecosystem, this paper examines China's 'check-in' activities to understand how the wanghong economy is driving China's new rounds of urban development, with the purpose of supplementing existing research on digital economies from the Chinese context. Focusing on a representative case study area called Dongshankou in Guangzhou, which is regarded as one of the most popular wanghong places and an emerging commercial centre, I sought to enrich existing studies about digital economies and extend scholarship on platform urbanism from the cultural economy perspective. First, I argue that Chinese consumers' check-in activities function as the data accumulation process, structuring Dongshankou's digital capital through the assemblage of online posts and geotags. Therefore, Dongshankou's urban development challenges the conventional view of creativity as the key factor in the cultural economy for urban development, given that digital capital is now the key driver for urban development in the digital age. Second, the growth of wanghong stores in Dongshankou reveals how the wanghong economy is materialised into urban cultural objects. Emotional value – a crucial selling point that these wanghong stores aim to provide to facilitate consumers' check-in activities – illustrates how China's highly participatory digital ecosystem extracts users' emotions and bodily experiences into the process of capital accumulation, which structures the 'platform urbanism' through our daily lives. This paper broadens the horizon for an alternative theoretical agenda in platform urbanism: beyond focusing solely on platform algorithms, how digital platforms and emotions become inextricably linked in economic production should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital trade rules and higher positions of enterprises in the global value chain (GVC) are both important topics in the context of high-quality economic development. This paper refers to the data of RTA digital trade rules concluded by China in the TAPED database in 2000–2014 and the matched data in the WIOD database, the China Customs Import and Export Database and the China Industrial Enterprise Database to investigate the effects of digital trade rules on Chinese enterprises as to their ascending GVC positions. It finds that signing the RTA digital trade rules can steadily and significantly promote the position ascendance; compared with the digitalization rules on trading objects, signing the digitalization rules on trade modes produces greater effects of driving up the positions, which are realized mainly via the three channels of advancing cross-border flow of R&D factors, promoting corporate digital transformation, and improving professional management. Digital trade rules that are horizontally broader and vertically deeper are in greater favor of Chinese enterprises for ascending in the global value chain, which is especially evident among those in digital industry and processing trade. During the negotiations of digital trade rules, it's imperative to pay close attention to the rules on e-commerce cooperation, awareness of e-commerce importance, intellectual property protection, attempts in big data-related trade in goods, and cross-border data flow, so as to secure the core interests of Chinese enterprises in gaining higher positions. This paper offers great policy implications as to how to sign digital trade rules by China in the future and how to select partners in greater support for Chinese enterprises to ascend to the middle and high end of the global value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has a significant impact on most industries in the 21st century. The publishing industry is also facing digital transformation, and the traditional paper business is considered polluted and wasteful as it generates carbon emissions. To compare the influence of digital paperless business with the traditional one on environmental performance in publishing, this paper adopts a refined weak disposability model initially introduced by Kuosmanen (2005). The main novelty of the paper is to include two types of desirable outputs in production technology: one is linked to generating undesirable outputs while another is not. Two additional economic assumptions can be imposed on environmental production technology, namely, weak disposability and null-jointness, respectively. We apply the refined model to assess the economic and environmental performance of the publishing industry in China. The paper business generates carbon emissions while the digital outputs (paperless business) may not produce pollution. The empirical results indicate that a vast potential improvement is detected for the digital outputs while limited progress is allowed for traditional outputs. Furthermore, we use the entropy method to obtain a comprehensive digital technology indicator and further explore its influence on performance in the publishing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technologies reshape the distribution of value added through global value chains (GVCs). Based on the GVC decomposition method, we calculate the digital technology-related value added implied in GVCs. We find that digital technology-related value added share in service industries is higher and growing more rapidly than overall industries. The share of digital technology-related value added of three trade paths in service industries is higher than its share in overall industries. In service industries, simple and complex value chains have a higher share of digital technologyrelated value added than traditional value chains. Digital technology-related value added in China's service industries grows faster than overall industries, and digital technology-related value added in China's service industries trade grows faster than in overall industries trade. The share of digital technology-related value added in trade is higher and grows faster than its in domestic demand. The share of digital technology-related value added in China's service industries is higher than that in overall industries. This paper offers new interpretations of digital GVCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chains are a critical aspect of how the economy works, but they are not often highly visible. The paper aims to emphasize the potential risks that may arise in the process of global supply chains. Namely, in the past, various crises appeared quickly and threw new risks into the supply chain. In this paper, attempts have been made through desktop research of relevant publications and analysis of some practices to identify various risks caused by COVID-19 and to propose strategies for dealing with them. Several scientific research methods were used during the work of the paper: analysis and synthesis, the method of induction and deduction, and descriptive analysis. The main challenges were uncertainty in demand, logistical disruptions, and dependence on China as a supply chain partner. Regarding the solutions, every challenge needs a different approach, and the solution can vary in the industry and the region. The main proposed solutions were focused on the improvement of operational flexibility, digital and advanced technologies, localized supply sources, and resilient sourcing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital rural construction is a key strategic direction to promote China's rural revitalization and alleviate global climate problems. In order to put forward feasible suggestions for the subsequent development and ensure the smooth development of digital village construction, how to reflect the development level of the digital village through scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system through the Delphi method and principal component analysis method, then assigns weights to the evaluation indicators based on the improved CRITIC-G1 method, and then grades the development level of digital villages according to the extension matter element method. Finally, taking Jiangxi Province in China as an example, the overall development level of digital villages in Jiangxi Province is evaluated from the provincial level according to the proposed method. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Results: Firstly, the development level of digital villages in Jiangxi Province is good, and there is a trend of excellent development level. Secondly, from different aspects of digital rural development, the digitalization of infrastructure, services, economy, and green production in Jiangxi Province is at a good level, and the digitalization of life has reached an excellent level. Thirdly, from the perspective of development trends, the digitization of infrastructure has a progressive trend towards an excellent level of development, while the digitization of services, economy and green production has signs of development regression. According to the analysis results, the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects: talent, capital, governance system and development planning. Other regions can evaluate the development level of the digital village according to the evaluation model proposed in this paper so as to analyze the existing problems and put forward targeted solutions to promote the construction of the digital village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global digital wave has flourished in recent years, and the digital technology revolution has emerged. Digitalization plays an undeniable role in promoting modern economic and social development in multiple aspects such as economy, society, innovation, public services and sustainable development, China's digitalization application is also developing rapidly. In order to better measure the current situation of China's digitalization development level, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of digitalization development from four dimensions of talents in the digital field, digital infrastructure construction, digitalization innovation ability and international competitiveness, and tests the index system. The entropy method is used to measure the level of digitalization development between China and the United States, the United Kingdom, France and other major developed countries in the world, and the coefficient of variation method, kernel density estimation and Dagum Gini coefficient method are used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics and regional differences of digitalization development level of seven countries. This paper makes a comparative analysis between China and major developed countries from the historical perspective of the evolution of the techno-economic paradigm. With a view to summarizing and exploring from it and drawing on the advanced experiences accumulated by the developed countries over a long period of time, so as to provide China with useful insights and bases for further enhancing its digitalization development level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the new generation of digital technology has injected new vitality into the digital transformation (DT) and continued growth of enterprises. This paper selects data from China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and uses transaction cost theory to empirically test the effect of enterprise digital transformation (EDT) on enterprise growth and its mechanism. Research has found that DT can significantly promote enterprise growth. The reduction of supply chain collaboration costs plays an important role as an intermediary mechanism in this process. At the same time, industry competition intensity, regional marketization level, and digital infrastructure level have played positive regulatory roles. In addition, when the enterprise's level of financing constraints is low and it is a manufacturing enterprise or state-owned enterprise, the promotion effect of EDT on enterprise growth is more significant. While expanding the research perspective and measurement methods of EDT, this paper integrates the strategic actions of EDT and the inter-enterprise collaboration costs of the supply chain into a unified theoretical framework, revealing a new theoretical mechanism for DT to promote enterprise growth. It also provides practical inspiration for relevant policy formulation and enterprise transformation and upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the rapid development of digital technology and its deep integration with environmental and ecological fields, the digital economy has become an effective way to guide the transition of cities to an eco-friendly model. However, empirical studies on the nonlinear spatial effects between digital economy and ecological welfare performance are still insufficient. Methods: Based on the panel data of 270 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the impact of the digital economy on the ecological welfare performance of cities and its mechanism of action using spatial econometric modeling. Results: The promotion effect of digital economy development on the ecological welfare performance of cities is characterized by the "J" shape of increasing marginal effect, and the spatial spillover effect on the ecological welfare performance of neighboring cities is the inverted "U" shape of inhibiting first and then promoting later. The mechanism test shows that the development of digital economy can enhance the ecological welfare performance of cities through the marginal incremental promotion of green technological innovation in local and neighboring cities and has a positive spatial spillover effect. The development of digital economy can have a direct U shape effect on local ecological welfare performance by influencing factor allocation efficiency and energy utilization efficiency. It also has an inverted U-shaped spatial spillover effect. Environmental regulation has an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the local eco-welfare performance affected by the digital economy. As the level of rural revitalization increases, it produces a U-shaped moderating effect of inhibiting. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital economy development has a more significant facilitating effect and a positive spatial spillover effect on the ecological welfare performance of cities in central China. Discussion: This paper will provide a reference for the synergistic optimization of digital economy development and ecological welfare performance among regions. The findings of the study will promote the development of digital economy and accelerate the realization of the goal of "Beautiful China". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an ethnographic study of Chinese IT professionals who integrate a form of data culture into the digital platforms they design, maintain, and operate daily within one of China's tech giants, this paper reveals numerous overlaps and interrelations between the data practices of Chinese IT professionals and the broader social implications that arise from them. The aim is to foster a more productive dialogue between the social studies of quantification and platform studies. This original research proposes the backstage as a potent methodology for inquiring into the role of Chinese IT professionals and domestic tech giants in advancing measuring systems and audit culture. This paper concludes by suggesting that such an approach can also be applied to wider studies of the paradox in quantification between its general claims and specific effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the digital revolution deepens, the digital economy (DE) is reshaping the global industrial structure (IS). This paper utilizes data from 280 Chinese cities between 2007 and 2020 to conduct an in-depth analysis of how DE propels the upgrading of IS and explores the role of human capital (HC) in this process. The research indicates that DE significantly fosters the optimization of IS. Additionally, it was discovered that the growth of HC plays a pivotal mediating role in this evolution, complementing existing research on the relationship between higher education and industrial upgrading. By adopting spatial econometric methods, this study unveils the spillover effects of DE in geographical space, identifying a positive influence on the industrial upgrading of surrounding regions. The paper also confirms the nonlinear characteristics of DE's impact on IS upgrading, which manifests as a pronounced inverted U-shaped trend, marking a novel discovery. Further findings suggest that in regions with more advanced artificial intelligence technologies, the impact of DE on industrial optimization is more significant, highlighting the role of regional disparities in the digital transformation. In conclusion, the paper proposes policy recommendations based on the research findings to facilitate the development of DE and the elevation of IS levels, thereby promoting high-quality economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion of fuller and higher-quality employment is a prime task for China's high-quality development. Both employment security (ES) and employment quality (EQ) need to be improved for women who, as an essential part of labor force, have long been faced with high stress and employment threshold. The role of digital transformation in promoting women's employment through reducing the cost of job information search is analyzed with the Job Search Theory in this paper. By using China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this research found that digital transformation of households in China contributes to women's employment significantly, raises the number and proportion of female family members in employment, and enhances women' access to medical care insurance, endowment insurance, unemployment insurance, housing fund and overtime pay. Digital transformation can improve the information accessibility of households, and the reduction in information asymmetries benefits women's employment, as indicated by the mechanism analysis. The positive impact of digital transformation is more pronounced for households in Central China, Western China and provinces with high unemployment rates, as well as those supporting the elderly and without housing. This paper will serve as a reference to fuel high-quality employment and reduce difficulties for women in the context of digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban digital infrastructure is the cornerstone of optimizing resource allocation and promoting sustainable economic development in the era of digital economy, and it will also affect corporate ESG performance. Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021, an asymptotic difference-in-difference model is used to investigate the impact of urban digital infrastructure on corporate ESG performance based on the "broadband China" strategy and its underlying mechanism. This paper finds that urban digital infrastructure can promote corporate ESG performance. Further, urban digital infrastructure can contribute to corporate ESG performance by increasing research and development (R&D) investment, improving corporate governance, and increasing information transparency. Through heterogeneity analysis, the results show urban digital infrastructure contributes more significantly to the ESG performance of state-owned, small and medium, growth-stage, and low-profit companies and is more pronounced in non-heavy polluting companies and companies in the central and western regions. This paper has enhanced the theoretical framework of urban digital infrastructure and corporate ESG (environmental, social, and governance) performance, paving the way for a new approach to the collaborative development of cities and enterprises in pursuit of green and sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As a locative media, Blued articulates physical and digital space in the form of localization, giving a mediated visibility to its users who are not visible in physical space, thus making the city a queering code/space. This can transform social accessibility and the ways that gays come together and interact in local spaces. Taking mainland China, dominated by heteronomativity, as a field, this paper focuses on the visibility negotiation and social accessibility practices in Bluedbased queering code/space. Using the digital anthropology method, this study found that Blued-based visibility is essential for non-closeted gay men to gain a sense of local belonging and community inclusion. Offline accessibility is a crucial demand for Blued users, but until then they have negotiated visibility through selective disclosure of social cues. At the same time, Blued users face visibility asymmetries and risks in the pursuit of accessibility. This study then argues that in the Blued-based queering code/space, the gay men constantly reconcile accessibility with others by managing visibility in a heteronormative urban space. In addition, this paper highlights the value of the hybrid of new media and physical space for the public interaction of marginalized groups in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International agenda setting is the initial and key stage of the creation of international institutions. This paper constructs an analytical framework that includes three elements: institutional platform, agenda setting, means and capabilities. Using methods such as historical institutionalism, text analysis, institutional comparison, and case study, this paper studies the agenda setting strategies in the four paths of China's participation in the construction of international institutions in the digital space. This paper holds that the agenda setting in the four paths has a relationship of inheritance and development, and the autonomy is gradually improved. Specific means of advancing the agenda are limited by institutional platforms; the effect is still not obvious, so the idea should be further improved and the means optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There has been limited research that has explored the connection between digital supply chain (DSC) and SC innovation and SC dynamic capabilities. This paper aims to examine the mediating effect of SC innovation on the relationship between DSC and SC dynamic capabilities. Design/methodology/approach: The research model and hypotheses were tested, employing (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) SPSS 25.0 and (Analysis of Moment Structures) AMOS 24.0 on data drawn from the Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Findings: The study reveals that DSC has a significant positive effect on SC innovation and SC dynamic capabilities. SC innovation also has a significant positive effect on SC dynamic capabilities. Besides, the authors' research illustrates that SC innovation partially mediates the relationship between DSC and SC dynamic capabilities. Research limitations/implications: Since the results are derived from the data collected from China, it may not, therefore, be generalized to other settings. Moreover, future research could consider other contextual variables such as "environmental uncertainty" and "Government's Reward-Penalty Mechanism," which may influence SC dynamic capabilities. Practical implications: The study provides practical insights for senior executives and managers in the manufacturing industry. Managers should emphasize the investment of advanced digital technologies and tools (DTTs) and improvement of SC visibility and collaboration. In the digital age, companies should pay attention to the introduction of advanced technologies, tools and processes and focus on cultivating an innovative spirit to promote SC dynamic capabilities, thereby enhancing competitive advantages. Originality/value: The paper illustrates that DSC is of great significance to improving SC dynamic capabilities. This study reveals compelling insights for firms to enhance SC innovation and dynamic capabilities by using DSC as an enabler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of rapid advancement in automation and increasing global warming, understanding the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on carbon emissions (CES) is a cutting-edge research topic. However, there is limited focus in existing research on the nonlinear carbon reduction effect (CRE) of AI. This paper first theoretically elaborates the dual impact mechanisms of AI on CES and illuminates the nonlinear carbon reduction mechanisms of AI. Then, this study employs panel data encompassing 30 Chinese provinces between 1997 and 2019 to empirically test the net effect of AI on CES and the nonlinear carbon reduction effect of AI through econometric models. The results are as follows: first, although AI can both reduce and increase CES, AI primarily helps decrease CES. This conclusion holds true even after considering robustness, endogeneity, and spatial heterogeneity. Secondly, relative to the central and western regions, AI has significant achievement in reducing carbon intensity and per capita CES in the eastern region. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of reducing the total CES in the eastern region. Thirdly, improving the AI development level (AIDL) can magnify the marginal CRE of AI and lead to a nonlinear CRE of AI. Lastly, even if the AIDL remains constant, improving the level of marketization, human capital, digital infrastructure, economic development, openness, and government intervention can also amplify the marginal CRE of AI and lead to a nonlinear CRE of AI. To fully harness the potential of AI for green development, concerted efforts should be directed towards enhancing the innovation and application of AI technologies with carbon reduction potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the intensification of urbanization, characterized by increasingly dense land use, the proliferation of high-rise residences has emerged as a predominant housing solution, particularly evident in developed cities like those in China. With a primary aim of enhancing the residential living environment within high-rise structures, this study advocates for a comprehensive whole life cycle perspective. By employing digital technology and conducting experiments centered on a representative case study, this paper focuses on optimizing the functional layout of public activity spaces within high-rise residential projects. Specifically, this article aims to address challenges such as the inadequate configuration and articulation of various public spaces, along with the underutilization of peripheral activity areas. Central to the optimization efforts is the utilization of the Kruskal algorithm, which enables the analysis of flow lines and functions, ultimately leading to the derivation of optimal solutions. Through a detailed analysis of our case study, this paper provides actionable insights into enhancing the feasibility and effectiveness of public spaces within high-rise residential projects. Recognizing the pivotal role of public space layout in shaping residents' living experiences, the importance of addressing this issue early in the design phase was emphasized. By integrating scientifically driven digital technology solutions, smart, inclusive, and convenient communities that cater to the diverse needs of their inhabitants are aspired to be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the arrival of the era of large-scale production, sharing and application of data, digital use has gradually changed people's daily entertainment, consumption, social interaction, learning and other behaviors in its efficient form. This paper mainly discusses whether this fast and convenient behavior leads Chinese older adults to adopt healthier lifestyles. Methods: Using the most recent information from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2020, this paper conducted a descriptive statistical analysis on the basic situation of digital use and lifestyles among Chinese older adults and used a structural equation model to analyse the influence of frequency and types of digital use in a variety of different aspects of the real life of Chinese older adults. Results: Research revealed that the quality of life of Chinese older adults improved significantly as a result of their use of digital technology. The frequency of digital use (FDU) significantly improved Chinese older adults' diet, sleep, exercise, smoking and drinking, and relieved their depression. The types of digital use (TDU) had a significant positive correlation with the lifestyle of Chinese older adults, especially in the influence of digital entertainment (DE), digital consumption (DC) and digital social interaction (DI) on the lifestyle of Chinese older adults. Conclusions: Digital use can improve the health of Chinese older adults by promoting a healthy lifestyle through various means. The findings of this study have a substantial positive impact on bridging the digital divide that Chinese older adults face, as well as fostering the integration of digital use into their healthy lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Digitalization is increasingly important for promoting authentic CSR practices. Firms with higher CSR levels motivate their employees to pursue their goals and demonstrate their social responsibility. However, the literature has not adequately examined how firm-level digitalization influences corporate sustainability from a governance perspective. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring how digitalization affects CSR disclosure, a key aspect of sustainability, at the firm level. Furthermore, this study also aims to investigate how governance factors, such as management power, internal control and minority shareholder pressure, moderate this effect. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs a fixed effect model with robust standard errors to analyze how digitalization and CSR disclosure are related and how this relationship is moderated by governance heterogeneity among Chinese A-share companies from 2010 to 2020. The sample consists of 2,339 firms, of which 360 are SOEs and 1,979 are non-SOEs. To ensure robustness, this study has excluded the observations in 2020 to avoid the effects of COVID-19 and used an alternative measure of CSR disclosure based on the HEXUN CSR disclosure index. Furthermore, this study also explores the link in various corporate-level CSR settings. Findings: The regression findings reveal that: First, Chinese A-share firms with higher digitalization levels disclose less CSR information. This finding holds for both SOEs and non-SOEs. Second, stronger management power has a negative moderating effect that weakens the link between digitalization and CSR disclosure, and this effect is mainly driven by SOEs. Third, internal control attenuates the negative association between firm digitalization and CSR disclosure, which is more pronounced in SOEs. Finally, minority shareholders exacerbate the negative relationship between digitalization and CSR disclosure, and this effect is more evident in non-SOEs. These results are robust to excluding the potential COVID effect and using an alternative HEXUN CSR disclosure index measure. Originality/value: Digitalization and sustainability have been widely discussed at a macro level, but their relationship at a micro level has been largely overlooked. Moreover, there is hardly any evidence on how governance heterogeneity affects this relationship in emerging economies, especially China. This paper addresses these issues by providing empirical evidence on how digital transformation influences CSR disclosure in China, a context where digitalization and CSR are both rapidly evolving. The paper also offers implications for both practitioners and policymakers to design appropriate digital strategies for firm development from diverse business perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: In the digital era, digital transformation has become a strategic imperative for leadership agenda. Many firms have accelerated their pace in digital transformation to improve their performance and competitiveness. Despite increasing attention in the literature on the role of digital transformation in firms' operations, understanding the effect of digital trans formation on corporate finance remains limited. This study focuses on cash holdings, which are essential for firms to survive and thrive. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to examine the critical role of digital transformation on the cash holdings of listed firms in China and provide micro evidence regarding the economic consequences of the digital economy from firm level. This study also aims to deepen our understanding of the influence of digital transformation on firms' operation and financial policy. Additionally, this paper attempts to provide relevant guidance for implementing policies to promote digital transformation and devise corresponding cash holding strategies. Methods: The text analysis method is used to measure the degree of digital transformation of China's A-share listed companies. The sample covers 19,337 observations from 2007-2020. A multiple regression model with firm and year fixed effect is developed to investigate the relationship between digital transformation and corporate cash holdings. In the robustness test, this paper substitutes the independent and dependent variables, and adopts instrumental variable estimation method. In the mechanism test, this paper uses the sub-sample regression method in the mechanism test. Findings & value added: This study reveals that digital transformation can significantly reduce corporate cash holdings by alleviating the precautionary motive, agency motive and transaction motive of cash holdings. Further analysis shows that the negative effect of digital transformation on cash holdings is more profound in high-tech firms and non-state-owned enterprises. The methodology applied in this paper can be used in other economic research of firms. This study provides insights into the effects of digital transformation on corporate financial policy. This provides a solution for reducing firms' cash holdings. This study also deepens the understanding of digital transformation from a corporate perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation provides companies with a productive approach to transforming and upgrading enterprise resources and capabilities and to exploiting external subject forces to unleash and magnify their potential, thus advancing high-quality enterprise development. Therefore, using regression analysis of the data of China's non-financial listed firms from 2007-2019 obtained by Python, this paper finds that digital transformation has enormously improved enterprise performance. Furthermore, digital transformation has powerfully boosted supply chain integration, which has played a mediation role in the impact of digital transformation on enterprise performance. Finally, entrepreneurship plays a positive moderating effect on enterprise performance through supply chain integration during digital transformation. The further heterogeneity analysis finds that digital transformation performs better in large, public, state-owned, mature, and non-manufacturing (service industry) enterprises. However, the positive effect of digital transformation on enterprise performance and supply chain integration is not significant in small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, supply chain integration cannot play a mediating role in the impact of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises upon their performance. This paper probes the realization mechanism and micro-foundation of digital transformation, and its conclusion contributes to high-quality digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Office for National Statistics' delineation of the scope of the digital economy industry, this paper selects indicators from five industrial dimensions: digital product manufacturing, digital product service, digital technology application, digital factor drive and digital efficiency improvement, and constructs an evaluation system to measure the development level of China's digital economy at the provincial level. It is found that there is a wide gap in the development of China's provincial digital economy, with the eastern coastal provinces and cities having a high level of digital economy development. The coupling and coordination model was then applied to examine the interrelationships between the five industrial dimensions of the digital economy, and it was found that most of the coupling and coordination relationships of the five industrial dimensions are at the stage of medium-high coupling and low coupling and coordination, and each province and city has different coupling and coordination characteristics. The numerical evaluation results provide an intuitive understanding of the differences and deficiencies in the development of the digital economy in different regions, and serve as a reference for the medium and long-term digital economy development planning of provinces and municipalities as well as the whole country. In the future, the state should invest more in the digital economy in the central and western regions, and each province should cultivate and develop the digital economy in accordance with its own local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the 75th United Nations General Assembly, China formally proposed the goals of achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, which is referred to as the "double carbon" strategic goal. And energy revolution is the key to achieve this goal. More and more energy enterprises seek to promote the "double carbon" goal through the digital platformization. However, the mechanism of digital platformization promoting the realization of "double carbon" goal is still unclear. Based on the perspective of platform ecosystem and organization structure, this paper deeply analyzes the key intermediary role of energy production mode change and energy trading mode change in energy transformation. This paper also studies the regulatory effect of policy environment, digital platform characteristics, platform leverage, value chain changes, and the ability of digital technology practice and innovatively puts forward the theoretical model. This model reveals the transmission path and internal mechanism of digital platformization of energy companies to promote the realization of dual-carbon goal. Through the established model, this paper analyzes a case that present the commercial digital platformization process developed by Chinese energy company. Such an innovative process in China context has been developed in order to contribute to achieve "double carbon" goals for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet and digital technology, digital infrastructure has become an important part of urban infrastructure. Many cities are enacting smart policies to promote the development of digital technology infrastructure. However, what are their mechanisms? There is currently a shortage of literature on the subject. This paper tried to solve this problem and used China as an example. Using panel data from cities in China, this paper used the spatial multiple-period difference-in-difference (SDID) method to investigate the impact of smart city policy (SCP) on digital infrastructure. First, we found that SCP significantly promotes the construction of digital infrastructure, with strong positive spatial spillover effects. This result remained valid after a series of rigorous robustness tests. Second, we discovered that the indirect effects of policy implementation outweigh the direct effects. Furthermore, smart city development enhances local government investment in digital infrastructure, attracts more high-tech enterprises, and consequently drives improvements in urban digital infrastructure levels. Lastly, we observed that the effectiveness of smart city policies is stronger in cities with good fiscal conditions, strong economic development, and a thriving digital economy. This research will not only enrich research on smart cities but also provide policy recommendations for strengthening digital infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]