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Popularly known as fungus gnats, Mycetophilidae are found in humid environments usually associated with mushrooms and decaying wood. Their immature forms often feed on fungus fruiting bodies. Similar to most bibionomorphans, mycetophilids need due attention concerning their taxonomy and information on their natural history, especially in the Neotropical region. This work describes Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., a new species of Monoclona Mik, and furnishes information on the morphology of adults and immatures, besides notes and photographs on the life cycle of the species. Immature forms present on a piece of decaying wood with lichens and fungi were collected from Carambeí, Paraná, and reared in the laboratory. The emerged adult male was fixed in 80% ethanol. This is the first study describing an immature of a Neotropical species of Monoclona, and also the first record of the genus in the state of Paraná, Brazil. This is the third Neotropical species of Mycetophilidae to have its life cycle described, for a fauna with over 1,100 known species.

Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Amaral, Edna Maria, Lamas, Carlos José Einicker (2020): Catalogue of Rangomaramidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Pauloı Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60: 1-4, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.15, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.15

The Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil houses the largest and most representative Brazilian collection of Diptera. In the present study, following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, it is presented a catalogue of the type specimens of Diadocidiidae and Ditomyiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the MZUSP. Label data and the condition of preservation of 27 type specimens (nine holotypes, two paralectotypes, and 16 paratypes) of 14 Neotropical species are provided.

Bioluminescence in Diptera is found in the family Keroplatidae, in the glowworms of the genera Arachnocampa, Orfelia and Keroplatus. Despite belonging to the same family, Arachnocampa spp. and Orfelia fultoni display morphologically and biochemically distinct bioluminescence systems: Arachnocampa spp. produce light by the terminal ends of Malpighian tubules using ATP, a luciferin and a luciferase, whereas Orfelia fultoni produces light by translucent areas associated with rows of black bodies in the anterior and posterior parts of the body, using a 140 kDa luciferase and a luciferin which do not cross-react with the Arachnocampa luciferin–luciferase system, and a substrate binding fraction (SBF) which apparently releases luciferin in the presence of reductants. While several other keroplatids are not luminescent, we recently discovered a non-luminescent web-constructing keroplatid larva living in the roofs of caves in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil, which noteworthily has a compound with Orfelia luciferin-like activity and its associated binding protein (SBF). Both the Neoditomyia luciferin-like compound and SBF cross-react with purified Orfelia luciferase to produce light in the same blue region of the Orfelia luciferin–luciferase system (479 nm). We also checked for the presence of Orfelia-type luciferin in Arachnocampa luminosa and Aedes aegytpi larval bodies, but no traces were found. Molecular studies indicate that Neoditomyia sp. is phylogenetically closer to Keroplatus and Orfelia than to Arachnocampa species. The presence of luciferin and its associated binding protein in this non-bioluminescent keroplatid larva indicates that luciferin may display another important biochemical function in keroplatid larvae and suggests that bioluminescence could be a recently evolved trait in Keroplatidae.

Following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this paper provides a catalogue of the type specimens of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). Label data and the condition of 21 type specimens (two holotypes and 19 paratypes) of two Neotropical species is provided. Photographs of the male terminalia of the holotypes are also presented.

This paper provides a catalogue of the type specimens of Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). Label information and type condition of the six type specimens (three holotypes and three paratypes) of four species are provided, along with high resolution images of the types and their labels.

Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Johnson, Grant A., Stevani, Cassius Vinicius (2019): The new species Neoceroplatus betaryiensis nov. sp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from Neotropical Region. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59: 1-2, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.44, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.44

This small family of Diptera is poorly known in Colombia. In the present catalogue, we feature a single report for the country, of a species of the genus Eratomyia.

The Ditomyiidae are a family belonging to the suborder Bibionomorpha, until now without records to Colombia. This work reports the first record of the genera Rhipidita and Calliceratomyia for the Colombian region.

This considerably small family is poorly known in Colombia, with only two species reported for the genus Sylvicola Harris (1776) so far. We synonymize Neomesochria AmorimTozoni (1994) to Mycetobia Meigen (1818), hence transferring the Dominican amber species Neomesochria antillea (Grimaldi 1991) and N. cryptambra (Grimaldi 1991), and the recent Neotropical species N. limanda (Stone 1966) and N. stonei (Laned'Andretta 1958) back to the genus Mycetobia. This paper provides new records for Mycetobia and Olbiogaster Osten-Sacken (1886) for Colombia.

The Bibionidae are a family belonging to the suborder Bibionomorpha with four genera and 17 species known from Colombia. This work expands the distribution of these species to other localities in the country.

Currently, 86 genera are ascribed to the Keroplatidae, with about 950 known species. The family includes three subfamilies: Arachnocampinae, Macrocerinae, and Keroplatinae. Both Macrocerinae and Keroplatinae are found in Colombia, with five described species distributed in four genera. The available information about Colombian keroplatids is compiled, with new records for five genera.

Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira (2012): A catalogue of the types of Bolitophilidae and Ditomyiidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) in the collection of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 34 (3): 521-524, DOI: 10.5252/z2012n3a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2012n3a2

Both known Neotropical species of Nervijuncta – N. conjuncta (Freeman) and N. laffooni Lane – are redescribed and the male terminalia illustrated in detail. Specimens of N. laffooni, previously known only from the type-locality (São Paulo, Brazil), are reported from Nova Teutônia, and Urubici, both in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The females of both Neotropical species of the genus are described in detail and the genitalia illustrated for the first time. These redescriptions provide further information on the position of these two species within the genus.

Recently a new species of bombyliid fly, Marleyimyia xylocopae, was described by Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) based on two photographs taken during fieldwork in the Republic of South Africa. This species has no preserved holotype. The paper generated some buzz, especially among dipterists, because in most cases photographs taken in the field provide insufficient information for properly diagnosing and documenting species of Diptera. Fil: Amorim, Dalton S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Santos, Charles Morphy D.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; Brasil Fil: Krell, Frank Thorsten. Denver Museum of Nature & Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Dubois, Alain. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Nihei, Silvio S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Oliveira, Otto M.P.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; Brasil Fil: Pont, Adrian. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Song, Hojun. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos Fil: Verdade, Vanessa K.. Universidade Federal Do Abc; Brasil Fil: Fachin, Diego A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Klassa, Bruna. Universidade Federal Do Abc; Brasil Fil: Lamas, Carlos José E.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Oliveira, Sarah S.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil Fil: De Carvalho, Claudio J. B.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Mello-Patiu, Cátia A.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Hajdu, Eduardo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Couri, Márcia S.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Silva, Vera C.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Capellari, Renato S.. Federal Institute Of Triângulo Mineiro; Brasil Fil: Falaschi, Rafaela L.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Feitosa, Rodrigo M.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Prendini, Lorenzo. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Pombal, José P.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Fernández, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia Fil: Rocha, Rosana M.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Lattke, John E.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Caramaschi, Ulisses. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Duarte, Marcelo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Marques, Antonio Carlos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Reis, Roberto E.. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Kurina, Olavi. Estonian University Of Life Sciences; Estonia Fil: Takiya, Daniela M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Tavares, Marcos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Fernandes, Daniel Silva. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Franco, Francisco Luís. Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo. Secretaria da Saude. Instituto Butantan; Brasil Fil: Cuezzo, Fabiana del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología; Argentina Fil: Paulson, Dennis. University Of Puget Sound; Estados Unidos Fil: Guénard, Benoit. The University Of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Fil: Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C.. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austria Fil: Arthofer, Wolfgang. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austria Fil: Steiner, Florian M.. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austria Fil: Fisher, Brian L.. California Academy Of Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Johnson, Robert A.. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Delsinne, Thibaut Dominique. Société d'Histoire Naturelle Alcide d'Orbigny; Francia Fil: Donoso, David A.. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador Fil: Mulieri, Pablo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Patitucci, Luciano Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Carpenter, James M.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Herman, Lee. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Grimaldi, David. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos