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Background: One can argue that literacy practices work to produce forms of literacy knowledge and literate children in early childhood contexts. However, one needs to interrogate how these literacy practices create technologies of power that construct and normalise the school ready literate child. Aim: The ethnographic study employed in this article explored everyday literacy practices in early childhood contexts that were considered ‘usual’, the kinds of literate children these practices engendered and its normalising effects on children and teachers. Settings: The study was conducted in two early childhood centres with two early childhood teachers and teaching children between the ages of 3 and 4. Methods: The study was qualitative in nature and used participant observation. A genealogical analysis of literacy practices showed how technologies of power were embodied in different literacy practices that worked to construct and normalise the school ready child in different ways. Results: The findings revealed that everyday literacy practices were used to produce a literate child through disciplinary processes of observation, normalisation and examination. These literacy practices operated in covert ways where school readiness was tied to educational success. However, during this process of normalisation, children began to [re]position themselves within the literacy space, showing individual agency and self-regulation. Conclusion: Although the findings of this study are not generalisable, it has implications for how literacy and literacy practices are conceptualised in early childhood settings. This article advocates a reconceptualisation of school readiness by questioning embedded practices within the competence model of school readiness and calls for the early childhood field to dissect incisively what and who are advantaged and disadvantaged through early literacy practices.

Michel Foucault’s modes of power (sovereign, disciplinary and bio-politics) have dominated both our understanding of power and norm. It is pretty impossible to think of the organisation of life outside his thinking. Here I argue that the idea and practice of mutual aid, articulated by Peter Kropotkin in his 1902 book Mutual Aid (2009) stirs us towards a different understanding of the management of life, bereft of hierarchies and bestowed with co-operation and care. Moreover, as I argue, the existence of mutual aid groups and practices challenges the very idea of the norm. This has become even more apparent during the Covid19 pandemic with the surfacing of mutual aid groups globally. It is therefore rather misleading to understand our present as generator of the ‘new normal’; such claims are mere rhetorical devices aiming at keeping us in our place.

This article draws on identity construction, emotions and a notion of productive power to address the question of why Swedish policymakers and public opinion are becoming increasingly supportive of NATO membership. It contributes theoretically by arguing that such textual phenomena intertwine with ‘disciplinary power’, which operates on the bodies of the subjects of power, exposing them to verbal and physical sanctions, a host of complex feelings and enhanced levels of self-disciplining. The article analyses 354 editorials and op-eds related to Sweden and NATO, published in the four biggest Swedish newspapers in 2014–2018; 1408 tweets, with a focus on 14 selected NATO campaigners and their advocacy; and semi-structured interviews with 12 such influencers. It concludes that Swedish NATO campaigners produce and negotiate emotional discourses in a way that targets other influencers and potential influencers by exposing them to ridicule and allegations of treason. While tendencies are similar on both sides of the debate, the article demonstrates that productive power currently intertwines with disciplinary power in a way that makes anti-NATO advocacy seem more fraught with personal risk than pro-NATO campaigning, and joining NATO appear to be the most normal, realistic and responsible policy option.

Institutional racism is a principal factor in the exclusion and oppression of racialized groups. Social work scholars have examined the organizational indicators, attitudes, and actions of staff that contribute to institutional racism in order to elucidate its function. However, an understanding of the interplay between institutions and individuals within institutional racism has remained largely elusive. This paper aims to address this gap. Using the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault and his theorization of disciplinary power, this paper presents a case study of one social worker’s efforts to address racism in her organization. The result is a unique understanding of institutional racism that considers the dynamic interactions between institutional constraints and individual agency. Such an analysis enables those in direct practice as well as in leadership roles who are committed to anti-oppression social work to understand the barriers and routes to anti-racist institutional change.

Domesday Book is one of the most important documents in English history. It has been much studied by social, economic and institutional historians. At its heart it is an accounting document. Domesday Book of 1086 is regarded as a landmark in accounting history, primarily because it heralded a written system of government accounting in England. It introduced an administrative framework from which eventually the English Exchequer and charge and discharge accounting evolved. Domesday Book was compiled during one of the most significant periods in English History just after the Conquest of England by William I. It reflected new King's need to consolidate his power. The purpose of this article is to examine Domesday Book as an historical accounting record, concentrating in particular, on one shire: Herefordshire. It shows how Domesday Book provided the king with comprehensive information about individual landowning and taxable capacity. In addition, Domesday Book is contextualised within the social and economic conditions of the time. Domesday Book is shown to be a device for royal consolidation, a political expression of royal power and a vehicle to raise taxes. It also provided the administrative and territorial basis upon which the Exchequer's embryonic disciplinary power could be developed.

This study aims to analyze critically the judicial control of criminal execution in Brazil. Based on three distinct aspects of criminal execution, it seeks to expose the ambiguities and contradictions of the jurisdictionalisation of the execution of sentences in Brazil, whose doctrinal debate has not gone beyond the legal nature of this field of law. In addition to the debate on the need for judicial control of criminal execution in Brazil, it is intended to point to the complexity of the issue from concrete problems that are not very much addressed by the authors of the area. Thus, the analysis of judicial control of the progressive system, the disciplinary question, as well as the rights related to the material conditions of imprisonment, reveals serious problems that the theme engenders, especially as regards the forms of management and control of prisoners, in order to contribute with the debate to a field of law that needs to be deepened scientific., O presente estudo objetiva analisar criticamente o controle judicial da execução penal no Brasil. A partir de três aspectos distintos da execução penal, busca-se expor as ambiguidades e contradições da jurisdicionalização da execução das penas no Brasil, cujo debate doutrinário não tem ido além da natureza jurídica deste campo do direito. Para além do debate acerca da necessidade de um controle judicial da execução penal no Brasil, pretende-se apontar para a complexidade da questão a partir de problemas concretos pouco abordados pelos autores da área. Assim, a análise do controle judicial do sistema progressivo, da questão disciplinar, bem como dos direitos relacionados às condições materiais de aprisionamento permite desvelar graves problemas que a temática engendra, especialmente no que se refere às formas de gestão e controle das pessoas presas, de modo a contribuir com o debate para um campo do direito que carece de aprofundamento científico.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271991178 This essay is developed on the basis of an ideal scenario extracted from de movie The Class and real school experiences. In this way, relations (power relations) are outlined on the school. In each analytical movement, a dynamic action between school and other spaces, institutions and subjects is presented and their articulations are commented. With focus on the school walls, the scenario constructed in the movie, and articulated with real experience, is discussed in conjunction with authors such as Michel Foucault. Microanalysis of school spatiality, bodies, and knowledge rises from discussion on disciplinary power action. The economy and efficiency of disciplinary power in the school and their walls are commented as an important point to problematize. Keywords : School, Disciplinary power, Physical space, Discourse. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

While universities have fulfilled a central role in education, their multifaceted amalgamations of economic, political, judicial and epistemological relations of power have been paid little attention by accounting historians. This study examines the role of accounting in the power/control relationship between the Papal State and an eighteenth–nineteenth century Italian University using a Foucauldian episteme of disciplinary power and governmentality. Our findings show a separation of accounting from the exercise of education or the reproduction of a meticulous grammatocentric and panoptic system for human accountability (Hoskin and Macve, 1986, 1988; Carmona et al., 1997). However, this work reveals how supervised education gradually became a more refined tool of Christian morality, along with papal control of the institution and its expenses.

This article develops a foucaultian analysis of the legal regulation of parental responsibilities, in Portugal. More specifically, through a critical dialogue with Foucault’s theory of power, it is argued that as Family Law recode the knowledge of disciplines such as psychology or social work in the legal regulation of parental responsibilities and adopts characteristics of a disciplinary power, it is also “colonized” by these disciplines through the forensic expertise. In the judicial regulation of parental responsibilities, in particular, judges make an individualized surveillance or observation and “normalizing judgments” of families and children behavior, increasingly supported by the “power-knowledge” of the forensic expertise, using small penalties and rewards, to create not docile bodies, but “docile families”. Neste artigo desenvolve-se uma análise foucaultiana da regulação judicial das responsabilidades parentais, em Portugal. Mais concretamente, a partir de um diálogo crítico com a teoria do poder de Foucault, defende-se que o Direito da Família ao recodificar o saber de disciplinas, como a psicologia ou a assistência social, no âmbito da regulação jurídica das responsabilidades parentais, assume características de poder disciplinar, ao mesmo tempo que é também “colonizado” pelas disciplinas através das perícias judiciárias. Na regulação judicial das responsabilidades parentais, em particular, os juízes fazem uma vigilância ou observação individualizada e “julgamentos normalizadores” dos comportamentos das famílias e crianças, apoiados cada vez mais no “poder-saber” das perícias judiciárias e numa mistura de pequenas sanções e recompensas, visando criar não apenas corpos, mas “famílias dóceis”.

Simple Summary This paper considers some recent developments in ‘animal-centred’ welfare science, which acknowledges the sentience of ‘farmed’ animals, alongside the emergence of a market for ‘happy meat’, which offers assurances of care and consideration for ‘farmed’ animals to concerned consumers. Both appear to challenge the instrumental ‘machine’ model characteristic of ‘factory farming’. However, in both cases, this paper argues that these discourses of consideration for the well-being of ‘farmed’ animals work to appease and deflect ethical concerns while facilitating the continued exploitation of ‘farmed’ animals. Abstract Michel Foucault's work traces shifting techniques in the governance of humans, from the production of ‘docile bodies’ subjected to the knowledge formations of the human sciences (disciplinary power), to the facilitation of self-governing agents directed towards specified forms of self-knowledge by quasi-therapeutic authorities (pastoral power). While mindful of the important differences between the governance of human subjects and the oppression of nonhuman animals, exemplified in nonhuman animals' legal status as property, this paper explores parallel shifts from disciplinary to pastoral regimes of human-‘farmed’ animal relations. Recent innovations in ‘animal-centred’ welfare science represent a trend away from the ‘disciplinary’ techniques of confinement and torture associated with ‘factory farms’ and towards quasi-therapeutic ways of claiming to know ‘farmed’ animals, in which the animals themselves are co-opted into the processes by which knowledge about them is generated. The new pastoral turn in ‘animal-centred’ welfare finds popular expression in ‘happy meat’ discourses that invite ‘consumers’ to adopt a position of vicarious carer for the ‘farmed’ animals who they eat. The paper concludes that while ‘animal-centred’ welfare reform and ‘happy meat’ discourses promise a possibility of a somewhat less degraded life for some ‘farmed’ animals, they do so by perpetuating exploitation and oppression and entrenching speciesist privilege by making it less vulnerable to critical scrutiny.

The influence of Michel Foucault’s thinking in critical disability studies, and to social studies of deafness, can hardly be doubted. Foucault has offered valuable tools for the critical rethinking of deaf education and pedagogy with respect to normalization and disciplinary power, which are integrally related to the historical construction of deafness as deficiency and pathology by modern, medical, and psychological knowledge. This article explores the applicability and critical potential of the Foucauldian concepts of disciplinary power, surveillance, and normalization within the specific context of the history of deaf education in Finland. The article focuses on the modernization of the education of deaf children that began during the latter half of the nineteenth century in Finland, with the influence of oralism – a pedagogical discourse and deaf-education methods of German origin. Deafness was characterized as a pathology or abnormality of the most severe kind. When taken at the general level, Foucault’s well-known concepts are easily applicable to the analysis of deaf education, also in the Finnish context. However, it is argued that things become much more complex if we first examine more closely the roles played by the eye and the ear, by optic and aural experience, in these Foucauldian notions, and if we then relate this enquiry to our analysis of oralist pedagogy and deaf education. peerReviewed

Los Estudios Críticos sobre la Gestión (ECG), o Critical Management Studies (CMS) en inglés, renovaron de modo meritorio el estudio de las organizaciones y del trabajo al introducir en él los conceptos de Foucault y las influencias del construccionismo. Sus investigaciones han enfatizado especialmente cómo las organizaciones modernas seducen a sus integrantes y construyen la identidad de estos en correspondencia con los objetivos de aquellas. Tomando el testigo de los ECG, veremos qué mecanismos característicos de control, y que favorecen el rendimiento de la fuerza laboral, pueblan hoy algunas empresas y sectores punteros que explotan intensivamente el conocimiento de sus empleados. Aun sin negar que la construcción de las identidades sea algo que se emplee en tales empresas, trataremos de desentrañar otros resortes a los que recurren unos mecanismos de control novedosos y especialmente adaptados a empleados altamente cualificados que han de ser productivos y creativos en la elaboración de la información para dotar a las mercancías complejas que producen de ciertas características y eliminar de ellas ciertos errores y problemas. Tras ello propondremos otro modelo de poder que se perfila en estos ámbitos (biopolítico) y que se diferencia del disciplinario, trabajado en mayor medida por los ECG. Nuestras conclusiones se apoyan en dos estudios de caso: uno en el sector TIC y otro en las empresas de animación, en los que realizamos hasta cuarenta entrevistas, aunque también recurrimos a otros materiales. We have to give Critical Management Studies (CMS) credit for having made a difference in the research of organisations after introducing Foucault´s concepts and the influences from constructivism. CMS have insisted on how modern organisations shape their members’ identities by means of different ideologies and rituals in order to turn them into loyal and disciplined subjects. Anyway, in this article, I also aim to find out which other new control mechanisms are developed in firms that use tacit and creative knowledge intensively while producing their goods. Examples of these activities are the ICT sector or the animation industry, in which I interviewed up to 40 professionals from different firms to know their typical working practices. By doing this, I could unravel the kind of control mechanisms which these workers are subjected to. Most of them are highskilled professionals. These employees have to be diligent and creative when working out informational inputs so that the goods produced can beat or, at least, meet the standards ruling the market. Therefore, we can suppose that specific control mechanisms will be established in these spaces, whose aim is to stimulate creative and intellectual performance through the extraction and spread of knowledge all over the firm. Based on these mechanisms, I will propose a distinctive model of power (of a biopolitical kind) emerging in these spaces. This model contrasts with the “disciplinary type of power”, which has been studied by CMS excessively. As well as the qualitative interviews, I also analysed other research materials.

Sport scholars have paid relatively little attention to meanings that participants in recreational youth sport may give meanings to their participation and how those meanings are informed by coaching practices. In this study, we draw on Bourdieu’s notions about the development of the habitus, symbolic capital and the positions youth take in the field of sport, and on Foucault’s understanding of disciplinary power to explore meanings 29 children, aged 7–18 years, participating in tennis, soccer, swimming or hockey in Dutch sport clubs assigned to their experiences with their coaches. The data from the semi-structured interviews show how the dispositions these youth developed during their sport participation shifted as they gradually became involved in a disciplinary process directed towards improvement, success and winning. When these youths joined a sport club their goal was to learn how to play the game and have fun. As they participated in organised practices over time, they learned that in order to have fun they had to conform to informal rules about behaviour during the practices. Specifically, we show how the logic of discipline, as described by Foucault, shaped this learning process, and contributed to the development of the habitus of these young athletes.

The struggle of the Dutch Reformed Mission Churches (1881–1994) with reference to the character and extend of discipline. In this article the struggle concerning the nature and extent of the disciplinary power in the Dutch Reformed Mission Church (DRMC) (1881–1994) is discussed. Since the establishment of the DRMC in 1881 until 1982 the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) retained the right to censure and discipline the missionaries in the DRMC. The article argues that the struggle for disciplinary power under the Constitution of the DRMC, the Statute of the DRMC as well as under the memorandum of agreement between the DRMC and the DRC, was nothing less than an attempt by the DRMC to entrench the principles of Voetius in the disciplinary power of the church polity and church government of the DRMC. In 1982 the DRMC accepted a new church order in which these principles were entrenched. The acceptance of this church order provision concluded the DRMC’s struggle for disciplinary power of all its officers, missionaries included, which already began in 1908. At the inaugural meeting of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa a Church Order was adopted in which provisions with regards to the disciplinary power based on above principles was hedged.

This paper analyses how people’s subjectively construed identities are disciplined by, and appropriated from, their talk about organizational routines. Identity work, we argue, is not just an expression of agency but also of power. Based on a study of a UK regional law firm, our research counter-balances understandings of professional lawyers as autonomous knowledge-workers, and emphasizes instead the extent of their subjection to disciplinary processes. It shows that power is intrinsic to discursive constructions of routine processes of organizing. We examine lawyers’ accounts of their time-keeping and billing routine, and how these both fabricated their identities, and how individuals said that they confronted, shifted and perverted organizationally sanctioned systems of meaning. The research contribution of this paper is to examine empirically and to theorize how discourse about routines both disciplines and is a resource for identity work.

This study entitled "Justice and Discipline: Analysis of Institutional Control Practices in the Military Police of the State of Sergipe (2001-2009)" aims to examine the practices of institutional control and consequent restatements in disciplinary power in the period between 2001 to 2009, whereas these restatements reflect the search for elements reaffirmation of the effective exercise of power practiced within the hierarchical relationships-disciplinary. The reaffirmation of the domain of military authority, at any given time, assumed the aspect of a discourse oriented legal grounds to punish the act. The emergence of "new" procedures of accountability and culpability of the offender characterized the concern of military authority regarding maintenance of disciplinary content of hierarchical relationships. Using the documentary research, based on publications made in bulletin Overall, the analysis focused practices of empowerment appealed also to speak of the subject, trying, through discourse agents, make an overview of the concepts and representations concerning discipline and justice. In the scenario presented by institutional PMSE during the period in question, the transgression appears as one of the categories of the phenomenon of misconduct, thoughtful, often from two angles: the relations disciplinary transgression in this case was taken as a result of disobedience, the penalty being applied in the form of educational intervention, the background takes misconduct in higher degree, considering it as a serious deviation from the behavior, distanced professional ethics and responsible for military cause problems, eg, the police violence. During selected view which tried to design transgression existing in the institution and how it justifies the notion of "disciplining" and criminal liability and administrative officer practiced by the military authority. Amid the data relating to punishments and disciplinary procedures and judicial perceive problems as the transparency of procedures, preventing often the external observation of practice and investigation of allegations of criminal offenses. There was also a more effective coercive apparatus for the application of disciplinary punishments related to the discipline of the troops, however, this efficacy contrasts with the results of established procedures for verification of complaints of abuse of power committed by military police. One of the factors affecting the poor visibility of the route taken by the procedure is precisely the institutional design given by the militarism that treats the misconduct as something that concerns the military world, undermining a broader understanding of the effects of violence and transgression committed by police. O presente estudo intitulado Justiça e Disciplina: Análise das Práticas de Controle Institucional na Polícia Militar do Estado de Sergipe (2001-2009) tem por objetivo analisar as práticas de controle institucional e as conseqüentes reformulações no poder disciplinar ocorridas no período entre 2001 a 2009, considerando que estas reformulações refletem a busca por elementos de reafirmação do exercício efetivo de poder praticado no interior das relações hierárquico-disciplinares. A reafirmação do domínio da autoridade militar, num dado momento, assumiu a faceta de um discurso orientado para a fundamentação legal do ato de punir. A emergência de novos procedimentos de responsabilização e de culpabilização do transgressor caracterizou a preocupação da autoridade militar quanto à manutenção do conteúdo disciplinar das relações hierárquicas. Utilizando da pesquisa documental, baseada nas publicações feitas em boletim geral, a análise direcionada às práticas de exercício de poder recorreu, também, à fala dos sujeitos, tentando, por meio do discurso dos agentes, fazer um apanhado das representações e das concepções relativas à disciplina e à justiça. No cenário institucional apresentado pela PMSE, no período em questão, a transgressão aparece como uma das categorias do fenômeno de desvio de conduta, pensada, freqüentemente, a partir de dois ângulos: o das relações disciplinares, nesse caso a transgressão era tida como resultado da desobediência, sendo a penalização aplicada sob a modalidade de intervenção pedagógica; o segundo plano toma o desvio de conduta em grau mais elevado, considerando-o como grave desvio do comportamento, distanciado da ética profissional militar e responsável por originar problemas como, por exemplo, o da violência policial. No período selecionado tentamos visualizar qual a concepção de transgressão existente na instituição e como esta fundamenta a noção de disciplinarização e de responsabilização criminal e administrativa do policial praticada pela autoridade militar. Em meio aos dados relativos às punições e processos disciplinares e judiciais percebemos problemas quanto à transparência dos procedimentos, inviabilizando, muitas vezes, a observação externa das práticas de apuração das transgressões e denúncias de crime. Verificou-se, também, uma maior eficácia do aparelho coercitivo disciplinar quanto à aplicação de punições relacionadas à disciplina da tropa, entretanto, essa eficácia contrasta com os resultados de procedimentos instaurados para verificação das denúncias de abuso de poder cometidos por policiais militares. Um dos fatores condicionantes da pouca visibilidade do percurso feito pelo procedimento é, justamente, o desenho institucional conferido pelo militarismo que trata o desvio de conduta como algo que diz respeito ao universo militar, prejudicando uma compreensão mais ampla dos efeitos da violência e da transgressão cometidas por policiais.

O Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais foi inaugurado em Portugal na década de 1940, com vistas ao tratamento, estudo e profilaxia da lepra, de acordo com modelo de internamento compulsivo, cuja configuração remete ao conceito de instituição total proposto por Goffman. Trata-se de um importante projeto higienista do Estado Novo. O seu paradigma educativo combinava elementos inspirados na medicina social europeia e na ideologia do regime ditatorial paternalista português. O Hospital-Colónia será aqui ponderado como dispositivo disciplinar, desenvolvendo-se reflexão acerca do confronto entre o poder disciplinar e a experiência. A memória emerge como instrumento contingente para o acesso às práticas e aos significados intersticiais tecidos no quotidiano do Hospital-Colónia, buscando-se auscultar a experiência de seus ex-doentes como sujeitos políticos. The Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais was inaugurated in Portugal in the 1940s for the treatment, study and prophylaxis of leprosy based on the compulsive internment model, whose configuration reflects the total institution concept proposed by Goffman. It concerns an important hygiene project of the Estado Novo. Its educative paradigm combined elements inspired in European social medicine and the ideology of the paternalistic Portuguese dictatorial regime. The Hospital Colony here will be thought of as a disciplinary dispositive, developing considerations regarding the confrontation between disciplinary power and experience. Memory emerges as a contingent instrument to access the practices and interstitial meanings woven into the Hospital Colony's daily life, seeking to find out about the experience of its former patients as political subjects.