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Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common tool to explore brain activities ranging from concentrated cognitive efforts to sleepiness. For the issue of sleepiness, pupil behavior can provide some information regarding alertness. The issue of sleepiness can be reflected by EEG energy. Specifically, intrusion of EEG theta wave activity into the beta activity of active wakefulness has been interpreted as ensuing sleepiness. This paper develops an innovative signal classification method that is capable of differentiating subjects with sleep disorder of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) from normal control subjects who do not have a sleep disorder. The theta energy ratios are calculated from the 2-second sliding windows by Fourier transform. An artificial neural network of modified ART2 is utilized to identify subjects with OSA from a combined group of subjects including healthy controls. This grouping from the neural network is then compared with the actual diagnostic classification of subjects as OSA or healthy controls and it is found to be 91% accurate in differentiating between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape description is the precondition for shape matching and retrieval. The more robust and stable primitives to describe shapes are global topological properties, but obtaining global topological properties is still an obstacle in computer vision. Motivated by the difference sensitivity of short-range connection in biology vision, we present a novel global descriptor to describe the entire topology of simple closed 2D shape in this paper. We employ two novel strategies - the zigzag rule, which approximates shape to an elaborate polygonal curve, and cost function which combines global configurations as well as local information of the line stimulations as our punishments. With these two key steps the descriptor is robust to translation, scaling and rotation. Experimental results show the model gain good performance on matching and retrieval for silhouettes. Even for images with occlusion the result is excellent and reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the optional control to the trans-femoral prosthesis and natural gait, an ongoing investigation of lower limb prosthesis model with myoelectrical control was presented. In this research, the surface electromyographic signals of lower limb were extracted to be switch signal, and translate into movement information. Considering every muscle's different physiologic tendency, fuzzy support vector regression method was applied to establish an intelligent black box that can interpret the physiological signals to accurate information of knee joint angle. It achieves a comparable or better performance than other methods, and provides a more native gait to the prosthesis user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting the boundaries of protein domains has been an important and challenging problem in experimental and computational structural biology. In this paper the domain detection is first taken as an imbalanced data learning problem. A novel undersampling method using distance-based maximal entropy in the feature space of SVMs is proposed. On multiple sequence alignments that are derived from a database search, multiple measures are defined to quantify the domain information content of each position along the sequence. The overall accuracy is about 87% together with high sensitivity and specificity. Simulation results demonstrate that the utility of the method can help not only in predicting the complete 3D structure of a protein but also in the machine learning system on general imbalanced datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In prediction of secondary structure of proteins there are always some suspected segments. These suspected segments confuse people and lower the accuracy of prediction methods. To deal with this problem, a set of neural networks (NNs) are built based on helix, strand and coil segments selected from PDB. The test performance of these NNs on training data is perfect without surprise. However the prediction on test data is not good enough because the training data are lake of great representativeness. The results support the fact that closer neighbor vectors have the similar outputs of NNs. One can improve representativeness of training data without enlarging data scale as long as select less data from dense region and more from sparse region on condition that distribution of sample data has been known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate classification of samples using gene expression frofiles is very important in cancer detection and treatment. In this paper, a novel EPA-KNN (Emerging Patterns Advanced-K Nearest Neighbors) gene classification algorithm is proposed. Bayes estimation is applied for the computation of entropy to improve its reliability, and RCP (Random Cut Point) is presented to strengthen the generalization about unknown test samples. With these improvements, the EPAs are acquired. Then an EPA based classifier is constructed inspired by KNN. The experimental results show the new algorithm is feasible and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With independent component analysis (ICA) to realize the blind separation from mixed acoustic objects, a recognition method based on support vector machine/Gaussian mixture models (SVM/GMM) is proposed through extracting linear prediction coefficient (LPC) feature. It is revealed that LPC is consistently better than wavelet energy feature, ICA is efficient algorithm to estimate the unknown signal level. This method uses the output of GMM to adjust the probabilistic output of SVM. The validity of the ICA and SVM/GMM model is verified via examples in mixed acoustic objects recognition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high non-linearity, serious time-variability and uncertainty result in a number of very challenging problems in working on the monitoring and control of biological processes. Many important variables are difficult to measure during monitoring and control. Software sensors can give estimation to unmeasured state variables according to the measured information provided by online measuring instruments available in the system. This offers an alternative feasible program for online measurement. A hybrid soft measurement model that combines principal component analysis with artificial neural networks is applied to monitor the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process. Simulation results show that the most unmeasured variables can be predicted and the method can capture the main trend of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) proposed recently overcome a limitation of principal component analysis (PCA) which is expensive computational cost. Symmetrical principal component analysis (SPCA) is also a better feature extraction technique because it utilizes effectively the symmetrical property of human face. This paper presents a symmetry based two-dimensional principal component analysis (S2DPCA), which combines the advantages of 2DPCA and of the SPCA. The experimental results show that S2DPCA is competitive with or superior to 2DPCA and SPCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on eigenvalue decomposition, a novel efficient K-HPC algorithm is developed in this paper, which is easy to implement. And it enables us to detect the number of hyperplanes and helps to avoid local minima by overestimating the number of hyperplanes. A confidence index is proposed to evaluate which estimated hyperplanes are most significant and which are spurious. So we can choose those significant hyperplanes with high rank priority and remove the spurious hyperplanes according to their corresponding confidence indices. Furthermore, a multilayer clustering framework called "multilayer K-HPC" is proposed to further improve the clustering results. The K-HPC approach can be directly applied to sparse component analysis (SCA) to develop efficient SCA algorithm. Two examples including a sparse component analysis example demonstrate the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histograms are data objects that are commonly used to characterize media objects like image, video, audio etc. Symbolic Data Analysis (SDA) is a field which deals with extracting knowledge and relationship from such complex data objects. The current research scenario of SDA has contributions related to dimensionality reduction of interval kind data. This paper makes an important attempt to analyze a symbolic data set for dimensionality reduction when the features are of histogram type. The result of an in-depth analysis of such a histogram data set has lead to proposing basic arithmetic and definitions related to histogram data. The basic arithmetic has been used for dimensionality reduction modeling of histogram data set through Histogram PCA. The modeling procedure is demonstrated by experiments with 700x3 data, iris data and 80X data. The utility/applicability of Histogram PCA is validated by clustering the above data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems happened in the practical application of traditional Principle Component Analysis (PCA), the concept of Relative Principle Component (RPC) and method of Relative Principle Component Analysis (RPCA) are put forward. Meanwhile, some concepts such as Relative Transform (RT), "Rotundity" Scatter and so on are introduced. The new algorithm can overcome some disadvantages of traditional PCA for compressing data when data is "Rotundity" Scatter. A simulation has been used to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm proposed. The RPCs selected by RPCA are more representative, and the way to choose RPCs is more flexible, so that the application of the new algorithm will be very extensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional enhancement of X-ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is to subtract the mask image and living image so as to remove the background such as ribs, spine, cathers, organs and etc, and obtain the enhanced vessel trees. However, the DSA have serious motion artifacts, poor local contrast and noises, when subtraction technique is used, some tiny vessels are broken, and even disappeared when visualized. To attack the problem, we use independent component analysis instead of subtraction technique. This technique is proved to be very efficient to enhance vessels. Experimental results of simulated data and several clinical data show that the proposed method is robust and can obtain good vessel trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic algorithm is introduced to network optimization to overcome the limitation of conventional SOM network. Based on this idea, a new model of structural adapting self-organizing neural network is proposed. In this model, each neuron is regarded as individual of evolutionary population and three operators are constructed as follows:growing operator, pruning operator and stochastic creating operator. In the algorithm, the accumulative error of neuron is selected as fitness function each iteration, and the neurons on compete layer are generated or deleted adaptively according to the values of fitness function until there is not any change of neuron on compete layer. Simulation experiments indicate that this structural adaptive network has better performance than conventional SOM network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A video-based driver fatigue detection system is presented. The system automatically locates the face in the first frame, and then tracks the eyes in subsequent frames. Four cues which characterises fatigue are used to determine the fatigue level. We used Support Vector Machines to estimate the percentage eye closure, which is the strongest cue. Improved results were achieved by using Support Vector Machines in comparison to Naive Bayes classifier. The performance was further improved by fusing all four cues using fuzzy rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regression is a very important data mining problem. In this paper, we present a new unbiased linear fusion method that combines component predictors so as to solve regression problems. The fusion weighted coefficients assigned are normalized, and updated by estimating the prediction errors between the component predictors and the desired regression values. The empirical results of our regression experiments on five synthetic and four benchmark data sets show that the proposed fusion method improves prediction accuracy in terms of mean-squared error, and also provides the regression curves with better fidelity with respect to normalized correlation coefficients, compared with the popular simple average and weighted average fusion rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attribute reduction is one of the important means to improve the efficiency and the quality of data mining, especially for high dimension data. From the view of distance and correction , the bi-directional distance and correction method was presented. This method can be used to measure the importance of dada attributes. Moreover, the revised decrease-increase combination strategy was used to reduce dimensionality and the radial basis neural network was used to validate the sub-set. This method adopts appropriate correlation function according to sample characteristic, which can avoid the limitation of IOC method. Since the longitudinal input-output connection and the horizontal difference between attribute and target was taken into account, the measure of the attribute importance will be more rational. So, quality data will be supply for the process of data mining subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel direct 3-D reconstruction methodology namely Shape-From-Shading with specular reflectance using wavelet networks. The thought of this approach is to optimize a proper reflectance model by learning the parameters of wavelet networks. Hybrid reflection models which contain diffuse reflectance and specular reflectance are used to formulate reflectance map equation because they are prone to reality. The approach uses wavelet networks as a parametric representation of the unknown surface to be reconstructed. After the orientation expressed by the parametric form of the surface is substituted into hybrid reflection model, the shape from shading problem is formulated as minimization of the total intensity error function over the network weights. Gradient-descent method is used to update the parameters of wavelet networks. The heights of the surface can then be obtained from the wavelet networks after supervised learning. Experiments on both synthetic and real images demonstrate the performance of the proposed SFS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a space partition method called "Label Constrained Graph Partition" (LCGP) is presented to solve the Sample-Interweaving-Phenomenon in the original space. We first divide the entire training set into subclasses by means of LCGP, so that the scopes of subclasses will not overlap in the original space. Then "Most Discriminant Subclass Distribution" (MDSD) criterion is proposed to decide the best partition result. At last, typical LDA algorithm is applied to obtain the feature space and the RBF neural network classifier is utilized to make the final decision. The computer simulations and comparisons are given to demonstrate the performance of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the control approach to irregular structures excited by multi-dimensional ground motions is presented by using semi-active tuned liquid column damper (TLCD). A back propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict the responses of structure due to two-dimensional seismic inputs. The semi-active control strategy is established and implemented based on ANN. The numerical examples have shown that it is an effective method presented for controlling the translational and rotational responses of irregular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gamma ray dual modality densitometry was presented to measure salinity independent of water volume fraction in pipe flows. The simulation geometries of the dual modality densitometry were built using Monte Carlo software Geant4. Computer simulations were carried out with different types of salt and various salinity. The results show that type of salt and salinity have significant effects on the water volume fraction measured by dual modality densitometry. By means of measuring attenuation of transmitted and scattered radiation of dual modality densitometry, the information about the salinity changes can be obtained. But it is difficult to calculate WVF and salinity from dual modality densitometry models. The RBF neural networks were used to predict salinity and water volume fraction. The results show that the predicting values fit true values well. It was demonstrated that the water volume fraction measuring errors caused by salinity can be reduced by using RBF neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a particle filter algorithm determining the measurement-track association problem in multi-target tracking. This scheme is important in providing a computationally feasible alternative to complete enumeration of JPDA which is intractable. We have proved that given an artificial measurement and track's configuration, particle filter scheme converges to a proper plot in a finite number of iterations. Also, a proper plot which is not the global solution can be corrected by re-initializing one or more times. In this light, even if the performance is enhanced by using the particle filter, we also note that the difficulty in tuning the parameters of the particle filter is critical aspect of this scheme. The difficulty can, however, be overcome by developing suitable automatic instruments that will iteratively verify convergence as the network parameters vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of an artificial neural networks-based in-process flash monitoring system (ANN-IPFM) in the injection molding process. This proposed system integrates two sub-systems. One is the vibration monitoring sub-system that utilizes an accelerometer sensor to collect and process vibration signals during the injection molding process. The other, a threshold prediction sub-system, predicts a control threshold based on the process parameter settings, thus allowing the system to adapt to changes in these settings. The integrated system compares the monitored vibration signals with the control threshold to predict whether or not flash will occur. The performance of the ANN-IPFM system was determined by using varying ratios of polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the injection molding process, and comparing the number of actual occurrences of flash with the number of occurrences predicted by the system. After a 180 trials, results demonstrated that the ANN-IPFM system could predict flash with 92.7% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser cutting and welding is an efficient way to produce Tailor-Welded Blanks (TWBs). A genetic algorithm (GA)-based artificial neural network (ANN) approach is designed for parameter selection of laser cutting and welding to produce TWBs. These parameters include laser power for cutting and welding, speed for cutting and welding, and pressure of assistant gas. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed parameter selection approach combines the merits of GA and ANN, and solves the problem of local optimum in ANN and low convergence speed in GA. As a result, it tackles the difficulty in parameter selection of laser cutting and welding and paves the way for TWBs' production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the existence of relativity between repeat or similar samples and character parameters during diagnosis of character data, this paper presents an effective data analysis approach for character data compression from bi-direction, which can reduce the burden of learning machine without losing the connotative character knowledge of character data. At the first step of the algorithm, basing on the theory of component analysis, the paper adopt a principal component analysis approach to reduce the dimension of data horizontally, then after comparison of existing clustering algorithms, put forward an immune clustering algorithm based on similarity measurement of principle component core for vertical reduction by using related mechanism of clone selection as well as immune network self-stabilization in organism natural immune system for reference. Finally, to analyze machine behavior quantitatively, a pattern discrimination model based on a cerebellar model articulation controller neural network (NN) was developed. Simulation experiments proved the effectiveness of this algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed a kind of practical artificial neural network development software for ordinary engineering technicians. This software, with graphic interface, not only supports multiple types and algorithms of artificial neural networks, but also supports the IEC 61131-3 International Standard. This article, through three application examples of artificial neural networks, shows the feasibility and the easy implementation of this development software, as well as the realization of artificial neural networks in IEC 61131-3 Standard-based software. It also shows the application value of artificial neural networks development tool and the realistic significance of applying artificial neural networks control in the projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image segmentation is of great importance in the field of image processing. A wide variety of approaches have been proposed for image segmentation. However, SAR image segmentation poses a difficult challenge owing to the high levels of speckle noise. In this paper, we proposed a SAR image segmentation method based on one-class support vector machines (SVM) to solve this problem. One-class SVM and two-class SVM for segmentation is discussed. One-class way is a kind of unsupervised learning, and one-class SVM based segmentation method reduces greatly human interactions, while yielding good segmentation results compared to two-class SVM based segmentation method. The segmentation results based on SVM are also compared to threshold method and adaptive threshold method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method works well for image segmentation while reducing the speckle noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a state-of-charge (SOC) estimation method based on extension neural network (ENN) theory for lead-acid batteries. First, a constant electric current discharging experiment with an electronic load for lead-acid batteries is made to measure and record the internal resistance and open-circuit-voltage by utilizing internal resistance tester. Then, the experimental data are adopted to construct an estimation method based on ENN for recognizing the residual capacity of the lead-acid battery. The simulated results indicate that the proposed estimation method can determine the residual capacity of lead-acid batteries rapidly and accurately with less time and memory consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock market prediction has always been one of the hottest topics in research, as well as a great challenge due to its complex and volatile nature. However, most of the existing methods neglect the impact from mass media that will greatly affect the behavior of investors. In this paper we present a system that combines the information from both related news releases and technical indicators to enhance the predictability of the daily stock price trends. The performance shows that this system can achieve higher accuracy and return than a single source system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controlled system is an uncertain nonlinear differential-algebraic subsystem (DASs) in a large-scale system. The problem of robust stabilization for such class of uncertain nonlinear DASs is considered in this paper. The robust stabilization controller is proposed based on backstepping approach using two-layer Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) whose weights are updated on-line. The closed-loop error systems are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) and the error of convergence can be made arbitrarily small. Finally, using the design scheme proposed in this paper, a governor controller is designed for one synchronous generator in a multi-machine power systems. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a wavelet packet neural network (WPNN) approach for solving the waveform distortion problem of protective relaying testing instrument. With its excellent time-frequency localization property and approximation ability, WPNN is used to establish an identification model of the non-linear amplifier of the protective relaying testing instrument. The fault data to be put into the instrument is compensated by an adjusting function getting from the identification model, which makes the whole instrumentation system show linear performance so that the distortion of the output waveform is constrained greatly. Simulation results indicate the feasibility and validity of the proposed approach, and a prototype has been put into practical operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach to solve the hydro plant dispatch problem based on the artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA). In this work, the difficult water balance constraints are embedded and satisfied throughout the proposed encoding and decoding algorithms. The ANN is used as a pre-dispatch tool to generate raw hydro output for each hour temporarily ignoring time-dependent constraints. Then, the proposed decoding algorithm decodes the raw schedule of each plant into a feasible one. Finally, a GA is used to find the optimal schedule. The proposed approach is applied to an actual utility system of four hydro plants and 22 thermal units with great success. Results show that the new approach obtains a more highly optimal solution than the conventional dynamic programming method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper research and development are ongoing in the implementations of Brillouin-active fiber based, highly versatile active optical device for optical communication, sensing and computation. An active device in general requires the employment of nonlinearity, and possibly feedback for increased efficiency in device function. However, the presence of nonlinearity together with intrinsic delayed feedback has been repeatedly demonstrated to lead to instabilities and ultimate optical chaos. Our effort is then to exploit device function and suppress instabilities by simulation, and design for optimization based on neural networks in smart structures. Instabilities are unavoidable in optical fiber due to its intrinsic nonlinearity and feedback instabilities. The suppression of such instabilities is devoted to the exploitation of them for memory capacity. These memories can be estimated as an optical logic function used for all-optic in-line switching, channel selection, oscillation, optical logic elements in optical computation with neural network application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image segmentation is a classical problem in the area of image processing, multimedia, medical image, and so on. Although there exist a lot of approaches to perform image segmentation, few of them study the image segmentation by the cluster ensemble approach. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called the cluster ensemble algorithm (CEA) for image segmentation. Specifically, CEA first obtains two set of segmented regions which are partitioned by EM according to the color feature and the texture feature respectively. Then, it integrates these regions to k segmented regions based on the similarity measure and the fuzzy membership function. Finally, CEA performs the denoise algorithm on the segmented regions to remove the noise. The experiments show that CEA works well during the process of image segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of designing a Markovian H ∞  filter for a class of nonlinear stochastic Markovian jump systems. Firstly, neural networks are employed to approximate the nonlinearities in the different jump modes. Secondly, the overall system is represented by the mode-dependent linear difference inclusion (LDI). Then, a neural network-based Markovian H ∞  filter is developed using the stochastic Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory under some linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. Finally, a numerical example is worked out to show the usefulness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel off-line signature verification method based on adaptive multi-resolution wavelet zero-crossing and one-class-one-network classification. First, the horizontal, vertical, 45 degree direction and the 135 degree direction projections of the binarizated signature images are calculated, respectively. The curvature data of the projections are decomposed into multi-resolution signals using wavelet transforms. Then the zero-crossings corresponding to the curvature data are extracted as features for verification. At last, one-class-one-network classifier is used to verify the signatures. The signature verification system was experimented on real data sets and the results show the system is very effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a novel optimization technique, neural network based optimization has gained much attention and some applications during the past decade. To enhance the performance of Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA), which is an evolutionary computation technique through individual improvement plus population cooperation and competition, an intelligent Differential Evolution Algorithm (IDEA) is proposed by incorporating neural network based search behaviors into classic DEA. Firstly, DEA operators are used for exploration by updating individuals so as to maintain the diversity of population and speedup the search process. Secondly, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network is employed for local exploitation to avoid being trapped in local optima and improve the convergence of the IDEA. Simulation results and comparisons based on well-known benchmarks and optimal designing of trading-ratio system for water market demonstrate that the IDEA can effectively enhance the searching efficiency and greatly improve the searching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the potentials of the PCNN for image processing. A description of three schemes for image processing using the PCNN is presented in this paper. The first scheme is related to image segmentation, the second to automatic target location, ATL, and the third to face recognition. The first scheme was developed in order to obtain an insight of the behavior of the PCNN as a preprocessor element, the second one is an application to test the performance of the PCNN in an ATL problem. The third is a feature extraction method for face recogiton. The segmentation scheme showed great potentials to perform pixel grouping. The second scheme turned into a system with an ATL performance as good as other systems reported in the literature. And the third scheme seems to improve the performance of a face recognition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new algorithm for magnet resonance (MR) image registration is proposed based on a modified Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks (PCNN's). The transformed image and reference image are applied as inputs to two modified networks with the same parameters respectively. Taking advantage of translation, rotation, and distortion invariant characteristics of PCNN's, fired neuron groups of the two networks are acquired correspondingly, then the barycenters of those groups are extracted as characteristic points to attain the registration parameters. Experiment results showed that the proposed algorithm for MR image registration is fast and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the application of an artificial neural network in natural language text reasoning. The task of knowledge discovery in text from a database, represented with a database file consisting of sentences with similar meanings but different lexico-grammatical patterns, was solved with the application of neural networks which recognize the meaning of the text using designed training files. We propose a new method for natural language text reasoning that utilizes three-layer neural networks. The paper deals with recognition algorithms of text meaning from a selected source using an artificial neural network. In this paper we present that new method for natural language text reasoning and also describe our research and tests performed on the neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, fast and nondestructive approach was put forward to classify rice seed of different storage time. This discrimination was conducted by integrated with wavelet transform (WT), principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) based on near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Four classes' samples from four different storage times were used for Vis/NIR spectroscopy on 325-1075 nm using a field spectroradiometer. WT and PCA were used to reduce spectral data dimension and extract diagnostic information from spectra data. The first eight PCs, which accounted for 99.94% of the raw spectral variables, were used as input of the ANN model. The ANN model yielded high discrimination accuracy. The discrimination accuracy was 97.5% for rice seed samples of four different storage years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we address the problem of detection and correspondence of moving persons in a multi-camera set. A novel algorithm is proposed based on object occupancy random field (abbreviated by OORF), which has a robust performance even under severe occlusions and a fast implementation speed. The core of our algorithm is OORF and object window structure. The latter is essential to compute OORF and provides a scheme to detect and correspond objects simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for predicting nonlinear time series. It is based on the multiscale filtering, fundamental and technical model and artificial neural networks. In the technical model we used wavelet transform for disjoin the time series trends then to smooth the economic time series by multiscale filtering. We used too the fundamental analysis, that is, financial and macroeconomics variables to improve the network forecasting. The results were compared with the technical analysis showing that the multiscale filtering and addition of the fundamental variables increase the network forecasting ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hardware/software partitioning of System-on-chip (SoC partitioning) has a significant effect on the cost and performance of the SoC. Given an embedded system specification and an available core library, the goal of low power SoC partitioning is to select appropriate intellectual-property (IP) cores or software components for the SoC, such that the power consumption of the SoC is minimized under price and timing constraints. SoC partitioning is first formulated to the constrained single-pair shortest-path problem in a directed, weighted graph, and then a novel discrete pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) approach is proposed to get the optimal solution. Autowaves in PCNN are designed specially to meet the constraints and find the optimal path in the constructed graph. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A back-propagation neural network method is proposed for accurate frequencies, amplitudes and phases estimation from periodic signals in power systems, and the convergence theorem shows that the proposed algorithm can be convergent asymptotically to its global minimum. The method is aimed at the system in which the sampling frequency cannot be locked on the actual fundamental frequency. Some simulating examples are given and the results show that the accuracy of the estimates provided by the proposed approach in the asynchronous case is relatively better than that of the estimates obtained with the conventional harmonic analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal message scheduling is one of the key issues in the field of controller area network (CAN) bus system. There are numerous approaches related to this issue. Most of them are essentially based on priority-based strategies. In 1, we utilized Radial Basic Function (RBF) network 2 as a message scheduling controller to dynamically schedule messages. Furthermore, an online Backward-Through-Time (BTT) algorithm is presented for parameter optimization under a priori fixed network structure. Intuitively, an inappropriate RBF network structure leads to performance degradation. In the worst case, the CAN system diverges. In this paper, we extend our previous works by including Minimal Resource Allocation (MRA) algorithm for structure determination. In this way, both problems of parameter optimization and structure determination can be resolved at the same time. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed BTT with MRA methods outperform our previous results in terms of convergence time, stability, and the number of required hidden neurons (or radial basis functions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach for solving the driving load forecasting problem based on Cascade Neural Networks with node-decoupled extended Kalman Filtering (CNN-NDEKF). Because of the inherent advantages, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are being given more and more attention. The power control strategy of HEVs is the key technology which determines the HEV's efficiency and pollutive emission level. Since the extent of improvement involved with HEV power control strategies greatly depends on the future driving load forecasting, in this paper, we attempt to achieve driving load forecasting using CNN-NDEKF. Instead of forecasting the entire load sequence, we define 5 load levels by a fuzzy logic method and then we forecast the load level. Simulation study is given to illustrate the feasibility of the driving load forecasting approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of parameter estimation in radar detection, a modified RBF neural network is proposed to estimate parameter accurately because of its good approximation ability to random nonlinear function and quick convergence speed. Two classical detection methods, which widely used in radar field, are listed in this paper, and their corresponding parameters are estimated with modified RBF neural network. Theoretical analysis and numerical results both show that the proposed method has good parameter estimation accuracy and quick convergence speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adequacy of improved back propagation (IBP) neural network to model the inside air temperature and humidity of a production greenhouse as a function of outside parameters including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation was addressed. To avoid standard BP algorithm's shortcoming of trapping to a local optimum and to take advantage of the genetic algorithm (GA)'s globe optimal searching, a new kind of hybrid algorithm was formed based on the IBP neural network and GA. BP neural network was improved by adding the inertia impulse and self-adaptation learning rate to lessen convergence vibration and increase the learning speed. Then the initialized weights and thresholds of IBP neural network were optimized with GA. Through carrying out the experiments, the specimen data were collected on half-hourly basis in a greenhouse. After the network structure and parameters were determined reasonably, the network was trained. A comparison was made between measured and predicted values of temperature and relative humidity, and the results showed that the IBP neural network model combined with GA given a good prediction for inside temperature and humidity. By using the root mean square error (RMSE) algorithm, the RMSE between temperature predicted and measured was 0.8°C, and the relative humidity RMSE was 1.1%, which can satisfy with the demand of greenhouse climate environment control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is one of promising non-invasive thermal ablation techniques of tumor. In this paper, we present a segmentation method based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) for HIFU image-guided system where SVM is used to construct the prior model about the intensity and the shape of the structure from the training set of images and the boundaries. When segmenting a novel image, we improved level set method by incorporating this prior model. Segmentation results are demonstrated on ultrasonic images. It shows that the prior model makes segmentation process more robust and faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]