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Osteoporosis is a global health and economic burden. It is a major chronic health condition that affects women more than men and it is incurable disease. Postmenopausal women are among those at greatest risk of osteoporosis, but any one of either gender or any race can develop this disease. Effective disease management ultimately lies in the hands of the individual patient, who must take responsibility for key health behaviors related to bone health. One behavior modification strategy that has proven effective to osteoporosis is self-management. The self-management program for osteoporosis, choices for better bone health, helps to educate people about the disease and to promote behavioral strategies for maximizing bone health. Telenursing bridges the access gap to specialized osteoporosis care in remote areas. Improving coordination of investigations, access to allied health members, and future initiatives may improve morbidity and mortality related to osteoporosis in this population. Mobile health (m-Health) interventions hold promise to effect engagement in health behavior change related to calcium and vitamin D intake, balance, core and leg strength, and physical activity.

Background:Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, and after caesarian section surgery the risk of DVT increases by five-ten times than the other time. It can be prevented through practising of calf muscle pump exercise and following preventive measures as early ambulation.The purpose of the study:was to evaluatethe effect of calf muscle pump exercise and preventive measures on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)and its manifestationsamong a postpartum cesarean section. Method: A quasi-experimental design was used to fulfil the purpose of the study. Sample: A purposive sample of(200)post-partum women after cesarean section (study and control groups) wererecruited. Setting:The study was carried out atante-natal and post-natal wards of Menoufia University HospitalatShebin El-Kom city at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.Instruments: Five instrumentswere used by the researchers; (1) An interviewing questionnaire;(2) Author DVT risk assessment scale;(3) Women’s knowledge assessment questionnaire;(4) Calf muscle pump exercise and preventive measures questionnaire, and (5)DVTand its manifestations questionnaire.Results:The mean age of the control and thestudygroups were (25.16±5.41) and (25.59 ± 5.92) years old respectively.There were highly statistically significant differencesbetween the study and the control groups regarding the level of knowledge, calf muscle pump exercise, preventive measures after the intervention (P