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Taiwanese-style emulsified pork meatballs (EPM) (Kung-wan) are the most popular restructured ready-to-eat meat products in Taiwan. However, the quality of EPM is influenced by numerous factors, especially its nonmeat ingredients. Sorghum distillers grains (SDGs) are a byproduct of Taiwanese alcoholic liquor, kaoliang liquor brewing. SDGs have comprehensive nutrients and good processing properties. However, the application of SDGs in EPM has not been reported. For this purpose, we examined the quality of EPM containing SDGs in this study. EPM containing SDGs showed substantially higher hardness (2126.67 to 3515.50 gf), gumminess (1093.79 to 1532.19 gf), chewiness (395.43 to 501.16 mJf), and lower pH values (4.98 to 5.87) compared to those of control (1917.33 gf, 930.81 gf, 389.83 mJf, and 5.99) (p < 0.05); however, EPM did not affect springiness or cohesiveness. Additionally, the control EPM exhibited the highest water-holding capacity (WHC) (94.87%), which did not markedly differ from those of 20% and 40% SDGs (p > 0.05). The control EPM (0% SDGs) showed the lowest cooking loss (5.58%), water loss (3.67%), fat loss (1.31%), and L (54.29), a (4.23), and b values (12.62), which substantially increased with increasing SDGs addition ratios (7.42 to 35.16%, 4.27 to 15.30%, 1.31 to 9.73%, 54.87 to 59.20, 4.26 to 5.67, and 13.81 to 18.51). Therefore, sorghum distiller's grains can replace potato starch for emulsified meat products such as tribute balls, and produce high-quality products, and promote the added value of SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the market for emulsified chicken sausages (ECS), which are poultry meat products, has been growing owing to their excellent nutritional and eating qualities and because of their consumption is not forbidden by any cultural and religious laws. Sorghum dried distillers' grains (SDDGs), a byproduct of the brewing of Taiwan's famous sorghum wine (kaoliang liquor), are rich in nutrients; however, due to a lack of suitable processing applications, they pose serious waste problems. This study aimed to assess the quality of ECS formulated by replacing corn starch with SDDGs at levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80%, and 100%. ECS containing SDDGs showed substantially higher water-holding capacity (WHC) (7.83 to 15.49%), hardness (224.17 to 340.00 gf/mm2), cohesiveness (0.10 to 0.15), and lower L* (57.75 to 52.47), a* (4.95 to 3.83), b* (13.61 to 10.77), and pH values (6.04 to 5.71) compared to those of control ECS (5.35%, 185.67 gf/mm2, 0.08 and 63.03, 5.08, 14.90, 6.22) (p <.05); however, they did not affect springiness. Additionally, control ECS exhibited the lowest water loss (6.16%), fat loss (2.80%), water-holding capacity (WHC) (5.35%), cooking loss (8.96%), hardness (185.67 gf/mm2), cohesiveness (0.08), gumminess (20.12 gf), and chewiness (0.33 mJ), which substantially increased with increasing SDDGs levels; however, the L*, a*, b*, and pH values decreased. According to our results, we confirm the ECS could be prepared using SDDGs, offering potential and effectively improve the diversity of poultry meat products, establish appropriate processing and application of dried distillers' grains, and reduce waste and environmental problems caused by alcohol brewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how the quality of emulsified pork sausages is affected by the amount of sorghum distillers grains (SDG) the sausages contain. Sausages containing SDG instead of potato flour had significantly higher levels of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness; however, the SDG addition ratio (percentage of potato flour replaced with SDG) had no significant effect on springiness or cohesiveness. The sausage pH ranged between 6.21 and 6.43 and decreased significantly as the SDG addition ratio increased. The cooking loss rate decreased significantly at high SDG addition ratios (80% and 100%). Regarding sausage emulsification stability, water and fat loss rates were significantly lower at high SDG addition ratios, but no significant difference in water‐holding capacity compared with the control group was observed. The control sausages had the highest L, a, and b; these values decreased significantly as the SDG addition ratio increased. Practical applications: The results of this study demonstrate a valuable application of sorghum distillers grains (SDG), a waste product generated during the brewing process. It can replace potato starch in the production of emulsified meat products, such as emulsified pork sausages, to create products with favorable quality characteristics (such as texture profile, pH value, cooking loss rate, emulsification stability, and color). Ultimately, the results of the current study can serve as a reference for exploring the diverse roles that SDG can play in derivative food processing, investigating the added value of SDG, and reducing wastage and environmental problems caused by leftover distillers grains generated during the brewing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]