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11 results on '"BURGER, JOACHIM"'

1. Ancient human DNA.

Author

Kirsanow K and Burger J

Subjects
Animals, Biological Evolution, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, Reproducibility of Results, Specimen Handling, Humans, DNA chemistry, DNA genetics, Hominidae genetics, Paleontology methods
Abstract

The contribution of palaeogenetic data to the study of various aspects of hominin biology and evolution has been significant, and has the potential to increase substantially with the widespread implementation of next generation sequencing techniques. Here we discuss the present state-of-the-art of ancient human DNA analysis and the characteristics of hominin aDNA that make sequence validation particularly complex. A brief overview of the development of anthropological palaeogenetic analysis is given to illustrate the technical challenges motivating recent technological advancements., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Published
2012
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2. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.

Author

Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon YW, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael SY, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, and Cooper, Alan

Subjects
Cell Nucleus, Animals, Bison, Cattle, DNA, Mitochondrial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Fossils, Paintings, Europe, Genome, Mitochondrial, Caves, DNA, Ancient, Human Genome, Genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Sequence Analysis, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Ancient
Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (

Published
2016

5. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Shows a near Eastern Neolithic Origin for Domestic Cattle and No Indication of Domestication of European Aurochs

Author

Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Bollongino, Ruth, Scheu, Amelie, Chamberlain, Andrew, Tresset, Anne, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Baird, Jillian F., Larson, Greger, Ho, Simon Y. W., Heupink, Tim H., Shapiro, Beth, Freeman, Abigail R., Thomas, Mark G., Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Arndt, Betty, Bartosiewicz, László, Benecke, Norbert, Budja, Mihael, Chaix, Louis, Choyke, Alice M., Coqueugniot, Eric, Döhle, Hans-Jürgen, Göldner, Holger, Hartz, Sönke, Helmer, Daniel, Herzig, Barabara, Hongo, Hitomi, Mashkour, Marjan, Özdogan, Mehmet, Pucher, Erich, Roth, Georg, Schade-Lindig, Sabine, Schmölcke, Ulrich, Schulting, Rick J., Stephan, Elisabeth, Uerpmann, Hans-Peter, Vörös, István, Voytek, Barbara, Bradley, Daniel G., and Burger, Joachim

Published
2007
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8. Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western Eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics

Author

Ottoni, Claudio, Flink, Linus Girdland, Evin, Allowen, Geörg, Christina, De Cupere, Bea, Van Neer, Wim, Bartosiewicz, László, Linderholm, Anna, Barnett, Ross, Peters, Joris, Decorte, Ron, Waelkens, Marc, Vanderheyden, Nancy, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Cakirlar, Canan, Cevik, Ozlem, Hoelzel, A Rus, Mashkour, Marjan, Karimlu, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Seno, Shiva Sheikhi, Daujat, Julie, Brock, Fiona, Pinhasi, Ron, Hongo, Hitomi, Pérez-Enciso, Miguel, Rasmussen, Morten, Frantz, Laurent, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Crooijmans, Richard, Groenen, Martien, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Benecke, Nobert, Vidarsdottir, Una Strand, Burger, Joachim, Cucchi, Thomas, Dobney, Keith, Larson, Greger, Girdland Flink, Linus, Decorte, Ronny, Çakırlar, Canan, Çevik, Özlem, Hoelzel, A. Rus, Mohaseb Karimlu, Azadeh Fatemeh, Sheikhi Seno, Shiva, Strand Vidarsdottir, Una, Human Genetics, Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Leverhulme Trust, German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Commission, Department of Archaeology, Stockholm University, Texas A&M University [College Station], Durham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Bavarian State Collect Anthropol & Palaeoanat, Munich, Germany, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Department of Mathematical Sciences [Aalborg], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), and Archaeology of Northwestern Europe

Subjects
MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, sequence analysis, Swine, Sus scrofa, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, insights, shape, phylogeography, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, expansions, MESH: Animals, wild, Neolithic, MESH: Swine, agriculture, 0303 health sciences, KUL-METH-Archaeology, MESH: Asia, Pig domestication, mitochondrial, Europe, Domestic pig, MESH: Phylogeography, Animals, Domestic, history, MESH: Molar, europe, wild boar, 010506 paleontology, KUL-CoE-CAS, origins, Asia, likelihood, neolithic, pig domestication, animal distribution, animals, animals, domestic, DNA, mitochondrial, humans, molar, sequence analysis, DNA, Zoology, farmers, Biology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Settore BIO/08, Wild boar, DNA, Mitochondrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Bronze Age, biology.animal, Genetics, domestic, Animals, Humans, Fokkerij en Genomica, MESH: Animals, Domestic, Domestication, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Discoveries, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MESH: Humans, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Animal Distribution, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Molar, MESH: Sus scrofa, Ancient DNA, Iron Age, WIAS, Biological dispersal, MESH: Europe, Animal Distribution, Chronology
Abstract

Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ∼8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages., This work was supported by grants from the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/F003382/1), the Leverhulme Trust (F/00 128/AX), the Belgian Program on Inter-University Poles of Attraction (IAP 6/22), the Research Fund of the KU Leuven (BOF-GOA 07/02), the Hercules Foundation (AKUL/09/16), and the Deutsche Archäologisches Institut (DAI). G.L. was supported by an RCUK Academic Fellowship, J.P. was supported by the German Science Foundation (PE 424/10-1), M.W. received a Methusalem grant from the Flemish Ministry for Science Policy, and C.G. was supported by the German Archaeological Institute, Berlin (Research Cluster 1, Project 8999539). All research within the framework of the Sagalassos Project was carried out by the Centre for Archeological Sciences of the KU Leuven. Archeozoological research in Iran was supported by the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicraft, and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO); the UMR 7209 of the CNRS/MNHN; the British Institute for Persian Studies; the Cultural Service of the French Embassy in Iran; and the University of Edinburgh. Interdisciplinary research into the Neolithic of Southwest Iran was supported by a joint French Japanese Cooperation project (04.2.444) and JSPS. The archaeozoological study of Neolithic Ulucak has been funded through an individual fieldwork grant from the Institute for Aegean Prehistory since 2008 and C.C. was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (postdoctoral fellowship to non-EU researchers).

Published
2013
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9. STR genotyping and mtDNA sequencing of latent fingerprint on paper

Author

Balogh, M. Kinga, Burger, Joachim, Bender, Klaus, Schneider, Peter M., and Alt, Kurt W.

Subjects
*HUMAN fingerprints, *DNA, *NUCLEOTIDE sequence, *FORENSIC sciences
Abstract

A systematic study was conducted to investigate whether DNA can be successfully extracted from latent fingerprints deposited on ordinary paper and analysed using short tandem repeat profiling and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. In order to evaluate the performance of latent fingerprint analysis in a criminal case, experiments with varying conditions were carried out to improve our understanding of low copy number (LCN) DNA typing. After optimising the extraction methods to achieve increased sensitivity, the examination of touched paper can routinely yield the STR profile of the individual who has touched it. A fingerprint can therefore be considered as a potential source of DNA for genetic identification. Nevertheless, the findings of our “after enhancement experiment” (using chemically or physically pre-treated fingerprints), and our “mixture experiment” (using fingerprints from three to four people on the same sheet of paper) help to define the limitations of the low copy number PCR technique in forensic casework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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10. AIP Mutation in Pituitary Adenomas in the 18th Century and Today.

Author

Chahal, Harvinder S., Stals, Karen, Unterländer, Martina, Balding, David J., Thomas, Mark G., Kumar, Ajith V., Besser, G. Michael, Atkinson, A. Brew, Morrison, Patrick J., Howlett, Trevor A., Levy, Miles J., Orme, Steve M., Akker, Scott A., Abel, Richard L., Grossman, Ashley B., Burger, Joachim, Ellard, Sian, and Korbonits, Márta

Subjects
*PITUITARY diseases, *GROWTH disorders, *HUMAN abnormalities, *GIANTS, *PITUITARY fossa, *DNA, *ACROMEGALY, *PROLACTINOMA
Abstract

Gigantism results when a growth hormone–secreting pituitary adenoma is present before epiphyseal fusion. In 1909, when Harvey Cushing examined the skeleton of an Irish patient who lived from 1761 to 1783,[1][2][3] he noted an enlarged pituitary fossa. We extracted DNA from the patient's teeth and identified a germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon–interacting protein gene (AIP). Four contemporary Northern Irish families who presented with gigantism, acromegaly, or prolactinoma have the same mutation and haplotype associated with the mutated gene. Using coalescent theory, we infer that these persons share a common ancestor who lived about 57 to 66 generations earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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11. Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Marjan Mashkour, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Joris Peters, John Chapman, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Canan Çakirlar, Jörg Schibler, Daniel Helmer, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Caroline Malone, Vesna Dimitrijević, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Christina Geörg, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Panoraia Alexandri, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Thomas Cucchi, Victoria E. Mullin, Michael P. Richards, James Haile, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Cevdet Merih Erek, John R. Stewart, Joachim Burger, Mihai Gligor, Jörg Orschiedt, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Rebecca Miller, Youri van den Hurk, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Allowen Evin, Hitomi Hongo, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Jelena Bulatović, Max Price, Keith Dobney, Adina Boroneanţ, Anton Ervynck, Mike Parker Pearson, Joséphine Lesur, Elisabeth Stephan, Holley Martlew, Sepideh Maziar, Kurt J. Gron, Bea De Cupere, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Anders Götherström, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Richard Sabin, David Orton, Greger Larson, Lionel Gourichon, Cleia Detry, Clive Bonsall, François-Xavier Ricaut, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, José Miguel Carretero, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Mike J. Church, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Melinda A. Zeder, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Alexander Yanevich, Daniel G. Bradley, Amelie Scheu, László Bartosiewicz, Darko Radmanovic, Shiva Sheikhi, Michelle Alexander, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, Adrian Bӑlӑşescu, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Vincent M. Battista, Anna Linderholm, Norbert Benecke, Aslı Erim-Özdoğan, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Thomas H. McGovern, Audrey T. Lin, Sophie Van Poucke, Roger Matthews, Martien A. M. Groenen, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Nenad Tasić, Dusan Boric, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Haile, Jame, Lin, Audrey T., Scheu, Amelie, Geörg, Christina, Benecke, Norbert, Alexander, Michelle, Linderholm, Anna, Mullin, Victoria E., Daly, Kevin G., Battista, Vincent M., Price, Max, Gron, Kurt J., Alexandri, Panoraia, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Balaşescu, Adrian, Barnett, Ro, Bartosiewicz, László, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bonsall, Clive, ̧, Dušan Boric Adina Boroneant, Bulatovic, Jelena, Çakirlar, Canan, Carretero, José-Miguel, Chapman, John, Church, Mike, Crooijmans, Richard, De Cupere, Bea, Detry, Cleia, Dimitrijevic, Vesna, Dumitras ̧cu, Valentin, du Plessis, Loui, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Merih Erek, Cevdet, ̆an, AslıErim-Özdog, Ervynck, Anton, Fulgione, Domenico, Gligor, Mihai, Götherström, Ander, Gourichon, Lionel, Groenen, Martien A. M., Helmer, Daniel, Hongo, Hitomi, Horwitz, Liora K., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Lesur, Joséphine, Malone, Caroline, Manaseryan, Ninna, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Martlew, Holley, Mashkour, Marjan, Matthews, Roger, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Maziar, Sepideh, Meijaard, Erik, Mcgovern, Tom, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Miller, Rebecca, Fatemeh Mohaseb, Azadeh, Orschiedt, Jörg, Orton, David, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Parker Pearson, Mike, Pinhasi, Ron, Radmanovic, Darko, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Richards, Mike, Sabin, Richard, Sarti, Lucia, Schier, Wolfram, Sheikhi, Shiva, Stephan, Elisabeth, Stewart, John R., Stoddart, Simon, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Tasic, Nenad, Trantalidou, Katerina, Tresset, Anne, Valdiosera, Cristina, van den Hurk, Youri, Van Poucke, Sophie, Vigne, Jean-Deni, Yanevich, Alexander, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, Triantafyllidis, Alexandro, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Schibler, Jörg, Rowley-Conwy, Peter, Zeder, Melinda, Peters, Jori, Cucchi, Thoma, Bradley, Daniel G., Dobney, Keith, Burger, Joachim, Evin, Allowen, Girdland-Flink, Linu, Larson, Greger, Archaeology of Northwestern Europe, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Piperno, Dolores R., Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Texas A&M University [College Station], Transplant Research Program [Boston, MA, USA], Boston Children's Hospital, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, University of York [York, UK], Stockholm University, Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Liverpool, HEC Paris - Recherche - Hors Laboratoire, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Connaissance Organisation et Systèmes TECHniques (COSTECH), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratorio di Paleontologia e Archeozoologia, Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico 'L. Pigorini', Roma, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'L. Pigorini, Institute of archaeology (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Swine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Skin Pigmentation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Gene flow, Domestication, ddc:590, BREEDS, DOMESTIC PIGS, HISTORY, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, INTROGRESSION, Europe, pigs, domestication, genomes, WILD, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeological evidence, SPREAD, Coat, Mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Biology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Fokkerij en Genomica, DNA, Ancient, General, ddc:930, Haplotype, DNA, 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie, LONG, SIZE, 030104 developmental biology, domestication evolution gene flow Neolithic, WIAS
Abstract

International audience; Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process. domestication | evolution | gene flow | Neolithic

Published
2019
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