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The external and internal control samples are used in case of polymerase chain reaction application to ensure validity of results. The external control samples are used to establish operability of reagents included into diagnostic kit. The internal control samples make it possible to check not only all the stages of reaction but also the process of amplification in each individual test tube with reaction mixture.

Luminescence and absorption stains specific for DNA (acridine orange, ethidium bromide), proteins (silver nitrate), and lipids (Sudan III) were used to study the distribution of DNA, proteins, and lipids in sections of the olfactory bulb in rats, studies being performed after fixation of brains with paraformaldehyde. DNA was found to be more abundant in the glomerular cell layer than the mitral cell layer. Higher quantities of DNA were present in the granular layer, located beneath the mitral layer. The characteristics of cell layers in the olfactory bulb were studied in rats aged two days and one month. There were differences between the layers of rats of different ages in terms of the content and distribution of DNA, though there were no differences in the total protein or lipid contents. Glomeruli were immature in two-day-old rats.

Using the microspectrofluorimetric technique, the temperature dependence of the synthetic activity of the nucleus and of some cytoplasmic areas in the giant identified neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis was investigated after Acridine Orange staining. The elevation of the environmental temperature from 4 degrees to 20 degrees C resulted in the increased synthetic activity of the nucleus and cytoplasm of giant neurons. In these conditions, the highest synthetic activity was registered in the apical area of the neuron cytoplasm, providing presumably, the cell neurosecretory activity. The synthetic activity of the axon perinuclear area, producing compounds for the axonal transport, increases at the elevated temperatures to a lesser degree, because it has a relatively high level as well at low temperatures.