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Background: Ayurveda classifies human populations into three predominant groups as Vata , Pitta , and Kapha based on their " Prakriti '. Any disturbance in the equilibrium of Prakriti can cause various diseases. Objectives: The aim of the study was to link genotoxic variation among the three Prakriti having type 2 diabetes. Design: Type 2 diabetic patients and healthy individuals belonging to three predominant Prakriti were selected through the Prakriti Questionnaire screening as per the guidelines of the CSIR-TRISUTRA unit modified for type 2 diabetes disease. Settings/Location: Sixty individuals from three predominant Prakriti , each consisting of 10 diabetic patients and 10 healthy individuals, were chosen. Subjects: Clinically diagnosed outdoor patients of JBRMCH suffering from type 2 diabetes for 5 years (fasting blood glucose >140 mg/dL; HbA1C > 7.0) and healthy individuals were the subjects for study. Inclusion Criteria: Age limit: 30-70 years, Sex: Both, Habitant: Participants residing in West Bengal for the last five generations, Religion: Unspecified, Social entity: Both urban and rural, Education: High school to college, Economic status: Lower middle to middle classes. Exclusion Criteria: Participants were nonsmokers and nonalcoholics. An individual having a medical history of long-term illness or dwandaja Prakriti type was excluded here. Outcome Measures: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, blood DNA content, DNA damage, apoptosis of blood cells, and interaction of DNA with various carcinogens were observed. Results: The yield of ROS and total cell damage were significantly higher in the diabetic Vata ( p  < 0.001 ) group compared with other Prakriti Decreased DNA content and increased DNA damage were observed in type 2 diabetic patients who belonged to Vata ( p  < 0.01) Prakriti . DNA of Vata Prakriti was more prone to lead and arsenic. Conclusions: The diabetic Vata Prakriti is a genetically susceptible group as it has a tendency to get affected by increased DNA damage, which could help in creating personalized management of diabetes among individual Prakriti.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus occurs due to either deficiency of insulin or resistance to insulin. Synthetic drugs and insulin therapy against diabetes possess numerous drawbacks. Diabetic people are advised to choose low-glycemic food and herbal products to control diabetes. This study aims to examine the synergistic effects of aqueous root Salep ofGymnadenia orchidis Lindl and pumpkin seed powder on Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice.Methods: Out of 6 groups, animals in 2 groups were kept as control and rest 4 groups were made diabetic by Streptozotocin. Animals in one diabetic group were supplemented with effective dose (200 mg/kg of body weight) of root Salep, one with pumpkin seed powder (5%) mixed food, and another with Salep and pumpkin seed food. Changes in various biochemical parameters, DNA damage and liver and kidney structures were noted after 21 days treatment.Results: Salep with pumpkin seed supplementation significantly normalized the alterations of different biochemical parameters of diabetic mice. The DNA damage in blood cells of diabetic mice was recovered by this supplementation. Terpenoids of root Salep and anti-oxidants of pumpkin seed may play the active role against diabetes.Conclusion: The root Salep and pumpkin seed synergistically prevent diabetic complications and could be better supplementation against type-2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nicotine is mainly metabolized in liver. Its abuse elicits acute phase response by activating macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play critical role in apoptosis or cell proliferation. The protective pharmacological mechanism of curcumin against nicotine-induced toxicity on protein malnourished liver is still remaining unclear. This study investigated the ameliorative mechanism of curcumin against nicotine-induced toxicity and also fate of liver particularly under protein restricted condition. Female Albino-rats maintained under normal/protein-restricted diets, were subcutaneously injected with nicotine tartrate (2.5mg/kg body weight/day) and orally supplemented with curcumin (80mg/kg body weight/day) for 21days. The animals were then sacrificed to dissect out liver and proceed with further experiments. Interactions of nicotine with DNA both in vivo and in vitro were observed by thermal denaturation and DNA laddering assays. Effects of nicotine on hepatic cells were monitored by differential staining, comet assay, cytokine profiling, mRNA and protein expression. Nicotine caused more intense DNA damage, promoted hepatic cell death through up-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins and signaling molecules in protein malnourished individuals. Through up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and proliferation promoting molecules, nicotine dysregulated homeostasis in normal protein condition. Curcumin significantly ameliorated the nicotine-induced toxicity in both conditions and regulated the imbalance between cell survival and death induced by nicotine. The protein content present in the nicotine induced hepatic cell decides either cell-survival pathway or cytotoxic pathway. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]