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Start Over Descriptor "ceramide pathway" Topic dna damage
2 results on '"ceramide pathway"'

1. DNA Damage Regulates Senescence-Associated Extracellular Vesicle Release via the Ceramide Pathway to Prevent Excessive Inflammatory Responses.

Author

Hitomi K, Okada R, Loo TM, Miyata K, Nakamura AJ, and Takahashi A

Subjects
Animals, Autophagy, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase genetics, Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase metabolism, Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) genetics, Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) metabolism, Cellular Senescence, Ceramides metabolism, DNA Damage, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism
Abstract

DNA damage, caused by various oncogenic stresses, can induce cell death or cellular senescence as an important tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells display the features of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), secreting inflammatory proteins into surrounding tissues, and contributing to various age-related pathologies. In addition to this inflammatory protein secretion, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is also upregulated in senescent cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we show that DNA damage activates the ceramide synthetic pathway, via the downregulation of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) and the upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), leading to an increase in senescence-associated EV (SA-EV) biogenesis. The EV biogenesis pathway, together with the autophagy-mediated degradation pathway, functions to block apoptosis by removing cytoplasmic DNA fragments derived from chromosomal DNA or bacterial infections. Our data suggest that this SA-EV pathway may play a prominent role in cellular homeostasis, particularly in senescent cells. In summary, DNA damage provokes SA-EV release by activating the ceramide pathway to protect cells from excessive inflammatory responses.

Published
2020
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2. DNA Damage Regulates Senescence-Associated Extracellular Vesicle Release via the Ceramide Pathway to Prevent Excessive Inflammatory Responses

Author

Ryo Okada, Akiko Takahashi, Tze Mun Loo, Kazuhiro Hitomi, Kenichi Miyata, and Asako J. Nakamura

Subjects
Senescence, Male, Ceramide, Programmed cell death, autophagy, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), DNA damage, Cellular homeostasis, Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups), Ceramides, Catalysis, Article, Cell Line, Inorganic Chemistry, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Extracellular Vesicles, Mice, ceramide pathway, Downregulation and upregulation, Animals, Humans, exosome, cellular senescence, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Cells, Cultured, senescence-associated extracellular vesicle (SA-EV), Mice, Inbred ICR, Chemistry, extracellular vesicle (EV), Organic Chemistry, bacterial infection, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), General Medicine, Extracellular vesicle, Computer Science Applications, Cell biology, Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Apoptosis
Abstract

DNA damage, caused by various oncogenic stresses, can induce cell death or cellular senescence as an important tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells display the features of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), secreting inflammatory proteins into surrounding tissues, and contributing to various age-related pathologies. In addition to this inflammatory protein secretion, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is also upregulated in senescent cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we show that DNA damage activates the ceramide synthetic pathway, via the downregulation of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) and the upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), leading to an increase in senescence-associated EV (SA-EV) biogenesis. The EV biogenesis pathway, together with the autophagy-mediated degradation pathway, functions to block apoptosis by removing cytoplasmic DNA fragments derived from chromosomal DNA or bacterial infections. Our data suggest that this SA-EV pathway may play a prominent role in cellular homeostasis, particularly in senescent cells. In summary, DNA damage provokes SA-EV release by activating the ceramide pathway to protect cells from excessive inflammatory responses.

Published
2020

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