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Nanomaterial‐based in vivo tumor imaging and therapy have attracted extensive attention; however, they suffer from the unintelligent "always ON" or single‐parameter responsive signal output, substantial off‐target effects, and high cost. Therefore, achieving in vivo easy‐to‐read tumor imaging and precise therapy in a multi‐parameter responsive and intelligent manner remains challenging. Herein, an intelligent DNA nanoreactor (iDNR) was constructed following the "AND" Boolean logic algorithm to address these issues. iDNR‐mediated in situ deposition of photothermal substance polydopamine (PDA) can only be satisfied in tumor tissues with abundant membrane protein biomarkers "AND" hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, intelligent temperature‐based in vivo easy‐to‐read tumor imaging is realized without expensive instrumentation, and its diagnostic performance matches with that of flow cytometry, and photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, precise photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors could be achieved via intelligent heating of tumor tissues. The precise PTT of primary tumors in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy suppresses the growth of distant tumors and inhibits tumor recurrence. Therefore, highly programmable iDNR is a powerful tool for intelligent biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much progress has been made in the biosensor area with the prosperity and development of nucleic acid nanotechnology and molecular biology. Especially, the advances made in dynamic DNA nanotechnology and the increasing sophistication of toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions have put new energy into nucleic acid-based biosensor designs. The exposure of the gene-editing ability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (Cas) has also greatly revolutionized the way nucleic acid can be operated in biosensing systems, providing versatile strategies for signal handling. Hence, in this review, we will discuss the application of these two technologies as the expanded tools for nucleic acid-based biosensors and focus on their strategies governing signal transduction. Besides, technologies like DNA computing and deep learning approaches which flashed in nucleic acid biosensors very recently are also discussed in the perspective and outlook part. • The regermination of DNA dynamic nanotechnology has put new energy into the NA based biosensor. • The new born of CRISPR/Cas system provided versatile, novel signal handling ideas for NA biosensor design. • Hybridization and strand displacement reaction can be controlled with versatile strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]