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Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are indirect measurements of blood flow resistance that may be measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography. Chemical restrain may potentially alter the indices although it is required to perform ultrasonography in some patients. The purpose of this study was to describe values for both intrarenal and ocular RI and PI within the same subject in clinically normal dogs sedated with a midazolam and butorphanol combination and evaluate if there are any significant changes between sedated and nonsedated dogs. Fifteen healthy Beagle dogs were studied by Duplex Doppler interrogation in interlobar or arcuate arteries of the kidney and long posterior ciliary artery. Pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were also determined. All measurements were recorded before and after the administration of a sedative combination of midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Mean comparison tests (paired t-tests or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test) were used to determine if any significant differences existed between right and left renal values or right and left ocular values. A correlation study (Pearson or Spearman) was applied between RI, PI, and systolic pressure, and pulse rate. RI and PI were significantly higher in sedated Beagles than in unsedated Beagles. There was neither correlation between index and systolic blood pressure nor pulse rate. In conclusion, provided that normal RI and PI increase in sedated animals, then reference ranges should be higher when sedated--healthy or ill--animals are evaluated.

Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are indirect measurements of blood flow resistance that may be used to evaluate vascular changes in renal and ophthalmologic diseases. To our knowledge, no reports are available describing values for renal and ocular PI index in the unsedated dog and ocular RI and PI indices in the unsedated cat. The purpose of this study was to measure normal values for both intrarenal and ocular RI and PI within the same subject in unsedated clinically normal dogs and cats. Twenty-seven dogs and 10 cats were considered healthy by means of physical examination, CBC, biochemical profile, urinalysis, and ultrasonography. Systolic blood pressure was measured by Doppler ultrasonography. Intrarenal and ocular arteries were scanned by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to calculate RI and PI. No significant differences were noted between the values obtained for the right vs. the left kidney and eye. The upper values of these indices were calculated as mean + 2 standard deviations resulting in 0.72 and 1.52 for dog renal RI and PI; 0.7 and 1.29 for cat renal RI and PI; 0.76 and 1.68 for dog ocular RI and PI; and 0.72 and 1.02 for cat ocular RI and PI.

Key Clinical Message: Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome is an uncommon and self‐limiting disease affecting juvenile dogs. Only symptomatic treatment has been described, and diagnosis is based on clinical findings, imaging, and disease progression. This is the first reported case of calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in a Dalmatian dog. It is an uncommon osteoproliferative disease with diagnosis frequently based on clinical signs, imaging findings, and disease progression, with only symptomatic treatment described. Case describes a 5‐month‐old Dalmatian dog presented with a facial mass and difficulty eating. After imaging, mass was observed to be osteoproliferative, nonaggressive, and without affection of the temporomandibular joints and mandibles. Histology revealed an osseous–cartilaginous and proliferative lesion, together with scant amount of neutrophiles. Clinical improvement was observed after symptomatic treatment, and moderate lesion regression was observed in a CT reevaluation 6 months later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Intracranial granular cell tumours are rare tumours of unknown cellular origin. In this case series. we describe three dogs with neurological signs that had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and were diagnosed with granular cell tumours through histopathological and histochemical studies. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics were atypical, showing hypointense lesions on T2-weighted images in all cases. Immunohistochemical studies helped in characterising the tumours and excluded a Schwann cell origin. The findings of this case series indicate that granular cell tumours can be hypointense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and that the cell of origin remains to be determined. Intracranial granular cell tumours (GCT) are uncommon neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin that are rarely reported in dogs. This case series describes three aged dogs that presented with neurological signs in which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed plaquelike extra-axial lesions that were hypointense on T2-weighted (T2w) images. The surgical biopsy of the lesions and necropsies were followed by histochemical characterisation with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry with ubiquitin, S-100, and SOX-10 to elucidate the cellular origin. The immunohistochemical study indicated that these intracranial GCTs were not of Schwann cell origin. In conclusion, GCTs should be considered a differential diagnosis of intracranial, extra-axial hypointense brain lesions on T2w MR images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog was presented for a follow‐up examination after ablation of an auricular mast cell tumour. An abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography were performed and an irregular, ill‐defined and partially mineralised lesion was observed around the caudal duodenal flexure without evidence of metastasis. The cytologic examination was highly suggestive of a granular cell tumour. Partial surgical ablation with histological and immunohistochemical examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis. According to our review of the literature, this is the first report documenting an abdominal granular cell tumour in a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiological examination of gastric "gravel sign" was retrospectively conducted in 60 dogs presented with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) syndrome. Other radiographic findings including loss of peritoneal serosal detail, presence of radiopaque foreign bodies, gastric pneumatosis, splenomegaly, and megaesophagus, were also examined in these patients. "Gravel sign" was detected on the pre-operative radiographs of 17 dogs with acute GDV (28.3%), suggesting that these patients could be suffering from chronic partial gastric obstruction before examination. German Shepherd dogs were significantly over-represented in this group (10/17, 58.8%). Dogs with acute GDV showing "gravel sign" should be carefully investigated for the presence of underlying gastrointestinal processes that might be associated with chronic partial obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]