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Abstract: Titanium dioxide is a promising photocatalyst and has been widely used in many applications. However, it remains challenging to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 under visible light illumination. Herein, a facile one step method was put forward to produce Mn-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) without the formation of manganese oxides. Intermediate band states were generated in Mn-doped TNTs, leading to enhanced visible light absorption and more efficient separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The visible light photocatalysis of Mn-doped TNTs was significantly improved. The method reported here might be extended to the doping of other elements in TNTs and provides opportunities for the design of advanced photocatalysts.Graphical Abstract: Mn-doped TiO2 nanotubes were developed by a facile method without the formation of separate manganese oxides, which demonstrated significantly improved photocatalytic performance under visible light illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recent advances of modified SnO 2 as electron transport layers for PSCs are summarized. • Crystal doping, bulk blending and interface modification are compared. • Corresponding mechanisms for performance improvements are discussed. • Challenges and opportunities for the future development of SnO 2 -ETL based PSCs are proposed. The organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology with the rapid development of power conversion efficiency (PCE). The electron transport layer (ETL) is found to play a critical role in the PCE, stability and reliability of the solar cells. SnO 2 , which can be processed at low temperature and possesses the merits of good energy band level and high electron mobility, has been deemed as an excellent alternative ETL material to the classical TiO 2. In the past few years, modifications that can finely tailor the morphologies, crystallinity, energy level, electron mobility, conductivity, defects, surface chemical states, and interface condition of SnO 2 -ETL have contributed dominantly to the fast development of the SnO 2 -ETL based PSCs. In this review, the recent advances of modified SnO 2 as ETLs for PSCs are summarized and the corresponding mechanisms for the performance improvements are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges and the opportunities for the future development of SnO 2 -ETL based PSCs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]