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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quantitative degradation of water resources in the Tabular Middle Atlas is linked to climate and changes in agricultural practices. The relationship between these variables is identified through the analysis of hydroclimatic data, fieldwork, and the processing of Landsat satellite images in two representative sectors of the Middle Atlas. Interviews with local populations and piezometric measurements performed in the Guigou depression show that the groundwater table has dropped from a few meters deep to over 45 meters in several locations. Additionally, monitoring of the surface water area of Aoua lake between September 1984 and September 2022 from satellite images indicates remarkable variations, with periods of prolonged drying. The critical situation of water resources in this sector of Morocco is explained by the recurrence of drought periods of varying severity, increasing temperatures, and the progressive extension of irrigated areas across the depressions. In three decades, irrigated areas have multiplied by more than five in the Guigou depression and by more than three in the Imouzzer-Aoua depressions. Changes in climatic parameters associated with modifications in agricultural practices have strongly influenced water resources in the Tabular Middle Atlas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to understand and describe perceptions and actions of rural inhabitants challenged by severe drought and climate change affecting Chile’s central areas. It considers the cases of Santa Julia and Valle Alegre, two rural communities within the coastal city of Quintero. This area is inhabited by family agricultural households impacted by drought conditions in the last decades and close to several polluting industries. The analysis is based on the sense-making theoretical model to explain the problems that affect people’s everyday lives and their attempts to solve them by means of information produced with their own resources, within their communities and with the support of state and private agents. Between November and December 2021, the authors carried out in-depth interviews with 13 informants from both communities. The research findings suggest that severe drought leads to discontinuities both in their productive activities and community and family ties. In their search for solutions, both communities struggle with weak social bonds when attempting to organize collective action. Furthermore, they distrust local companies’ and neighbors’ help. People thus feel insecure about the future and hope that seasonal rains eventually return. In the meantime, they try to adapt and mitigate environmental impacts with the help of some public and international institutions and the application of agricultural innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to analyze in the period 1990 to 2019 the effects of climate and the tendency of individuals to leave a territory, measuring the weight of precipitation or lack thereof in the Central American Dry Corridor. To study this process, a stochastic frontier model was developed. As a primary result, it was found that there is a greater tendency to migrate when a drought occurs, understanding it as an extreme event for the environment and society. This tendency is evaluated with a system that includes series of controls such as other extreme weather events such as El Niño (ENSO) and hurricanes, vio lence levels, economy and exchange rate, which leads to the conclusion that drought above any other climatic event motivates the population to migrate. These findings contribute to the formulation of prevention, mitigation and resilience policies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of Paraíba stands out in the quantity of registered environmental disasters in Brazil, especially for episodes associated with droughts and floods. Understanding the social vulnerability is decisive for disaster risk reduction measures because it is an estimate of the capacity of population groups to resist and adapt to adversities caused by intense natural events. The objective of this research is to identify the levels of social vulnerability to environmental disasters of drought/dry season and flooding in the municipalities of the state of Paraíba, based on socioeconomic, demographic and infrastructure indicators. The variables were extracted from the 2010 demographic census and are indicators of household characteristics that may contribute to the formation of more vulnerable population groups. The variables were weighted and integrated into a social vulnerability index. Then, a spatial autocorrelation analysis of social vulnerability was performed. The frequency of disasters of the researched typologies was also quantified. The results indicate that of the total number of municipalities in Paraíba 82.5% are in the high and very high vulnerability classes, where 45% of the state population resides. The main spatial aggregation of municipalities with severe vulnerability conditions is among the Homogeneous Rainfall Regions of Cariri/Curimataú, Agreste and Brejo. These territories are subject to insufficient infrastructure and services, higher levels of poverty, and more restrictive social and household conditions. The research can contribute to disaster risk reduction actions because it indicates the municipalities most prone to crises triggered by droughts and floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries like Mexico make significant efforts to reforest, but the results are not good due to the low survival rates caused by drought and water stress. Therefore, the effect of applying hydrated phenolic foam at plantation moment, on the survival and growth in Pinus leiophylla and Pinus teocote was assessed. Two trials were established, one for each species, with five treatments of different volumes of hydrated phenolic foam. The variables measured were survival, growth in height and diameter. The analyzes showed that hydrated phenolic foam significantly increases survival and height growth in Pinus leiophylla, but not in Pinus teocote. No effect was shown on diameter for any of the species. The application of hydrated phenolic foam at planting moment increase the survival of pine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Late Holocene Dry Period (LHDP) was a one-plus millennial megadrought (3100-1800 cal BP) that delivered challenges and windfalls to Indigenous communities of the central Great Basin (United States). New pollen and sedimentation rate studies, combined with existing tree-ring data, submerged stump ages, and lake-level evidence, demonstrate that the LHDP was the driest Great Basin climate within the last 6,000 years--more extreme than the well-known Medieval Climatic Anomaly. New evidence reported here documents that most Great Basin archaeological sites south of 40° N latitude were abandoned during the long dry phase of the LHDP (3100-2200 cal BP), sometimes reoccupied during a wet interval (2200-2000 cal BP), and abandoned again during the most extreme drought (2000-1800 cal BP). Even in the face of epic drought, this is a story of remarkable survivance by some people who adjusted to their drought-stricken landscape where they had lived for millennia. Some moved on, but other resilient foragers refused to abandon their homeland, taking advantage of glacier-fed mountain springs with cooler alpine temperatures and greater moisture retention at high altitude, a result of early Neoglaciation conditions across many Great Basin ranges, despite epic drought conditions in the lowlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola y Biosistemas is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of World Water Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plants in arid environments are exposed to drought stress but also may suffer herbivory by large mammals. Since this may affect plant fitness, plants may display different responses and/or defences, developing tolerance and resistance mechanisms. In this work, we experimentally investigated how drought and herbivory affect seedling growth of a forage species, Atriplex lampa, from Patagonian Monte Desert. In addition, we evaluated in a greenhouse whether simulated herbivory stress affects the presence of aphids, and in the field whether herbivory by large mammals affects insect granivory in this species. We found that drought did not affect the species growth, suggesting toleration or adaptation to drought condition, while herbivory reduced its growth. In addition, we found that a higher level of stress on seedlings and, to minor extent, on parent (seed origin) is related to a lower presence of aphids on the seedlings growth in the greenhouses. However, at field conditions, we observed that the higher the stocking rate, the higher the insect granivory. The results from the greenhouse experiment suggest that this species develops some kind of defences or a decrease in aphid attraction caused by drought stress and the simulated herbivory. In contrast, field results imply that this species does not develop any defences or that they are mainly found in stems and leaves, but not in fruits. Our results show that A. lampa has developed drought tolerance strategies but is vulnerable to herbivory. These stress factors could be exerting selection pressures on A. lampa that affect evolutionary and ecological processes and, consequently, its ecosystem services as a key forage species in the Monte Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Defined seasonality in savanna species can stimulate physiological responses that maximize photosynthetic metabolism and productivity. However, those physiological responses are also linked to the phenological status of the whole plant, including leaf phenophases. Objective: To study how physiological traits influence phenophase timing among congeneric and co-occurring savanna species. Methods: We evaluated the leaf phenology and physiological traits of populations of Byrsonima intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, and B. verbascifolia. Physiological measurements were performed at the onset of the dry and rainy seasons and again late in the season. Results: B. intermedia and B. coccolobifolia were classified as brevideciduous and B. verbascifolia as evergreen. The maximum quantum yield for B. intermedia and B. coccolobifolia were lowest during the dry season. At the onset of the dry period, the highest chloroplastidic pigment levels were observed, which decreased as the season advanced, total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios were lowest, and carotenoid contents were highest. We detected low starch content values at the start of the rainy season, coinciding with the resumption of plant growth. Two months into this season, the leaves were at their peak structural and functional maturity, with high water-soluble polysaccharide values and photosynthetic rates, and were storing large amounts of starch. Conclusions: Physiological and leaf phenological strategies of the Byrsonima species were related to drought resistance and acclimatization to the seasonality of savanna water resources. The oscillations of the parameters quantified during the year indicated a strong relationship with water seasonality and with the phenological status of the leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California experienced a severe multiyear drought stretching from 2011 through 2017, significantly reducing surface water supply for ecosystems, agriculture, and humans and prompting coordinated conservation efforts. Given that agriculture is the largest consumptive use of water in the state, one anticipated response to a severe drought would be to decrease production of low-value, high-water-use crops such as alfalfa. In this article we use a multimethod approach to examine both spatial distribution and public perceptions of alfalfa production in California over the course of the 2011 through 2017 drought. We find that although California alfalfa production did decline at the state level, it persisted and even increased in specific areas of the state. We also find that alfalfa persisted even though discourses and understandings that were critical of alfalfa production emerged in public forums during this time. We situate these findings within a broader context of California's water management system, which meant that in practice, infrastructure and water rights allocation practices left many growers with little incentive to change growing practices, even in the face of serious meteorological drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: This paper studies the role of the Chilean state during the great drought of 1967-1969 as a mediator between human beings and nature. Institutional adaptations and the effort to improve the infrastructure were elements of continuity with respect to previous droughts, but there were novelties as well, such as attempts to pursue weather modification and the artificial melting of glaciers. The support of technologies and scientists operating from peripheral state institutions was essential for these purposes. All the above took place in the context of the Cold War when the predominant environmental imaginaries made human intervention look favorable and necessary for the modernization of countries. Methodology: Diverse primary sources were used, such as ministerial documents, decrees, bulletins, and reports of different state institutions that allowed understanding the logic of state management during the water crisis. Similarly, research in national and international press helped identify how imaginaries about the environment were expressed and disseminated publicly, which tended to validate novel efforts to control nature. Originality: This is an original study for Latin America, which addresses the early appearance of science and technology in the efforts of what today would be known as geoengineering: mainly through the observation of new actors, which expanded the traditional forms of mediation between humans and nature, led by the state, concerning climate crises. Conclusions: In the 1960s, optimism grew for the human capacity to control and manipulate water resources by appealing to ways other than those previously known, associated with infrastructure development. Expert knowledge was placed at the service of peripheral institutions of the state to promote these changes with lasting consequences. The human desire to control nature at all costs was validated, which helps explain the temporal projection of experiments with artificial rain and glacier control to the present day in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a natural phenomenon that occurs frequently and has some adverse effects on the ecosystem and humanity. Determination of drought beforehand is vital for optimal management of water resources. Many different methods have been developed to detect drought. Sequential association analysis is used for the data series analysis containing time information and is one of the methods used to determine the drought. A correlation can be established between the values taken by the data at different times when determining association rules with this method. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the sequential association patterns between precipitation and climate oscillation index for Aras Basin. The Aras basin is a region where irrigation and animal husbandry are common. Today, many dams and hydroelectric power plants, together with the increasing population, meet the water and energy needs. A possible drought event in this region will adversely affect the living things in the basin. Therefore, the study focused on this basin. Finding sequential associations between precipitation and climate oscillation index can determine the temporal correlations between these parameters and specifically detect drought. The MOWCATL (Minimal Occurrences with Constraints and Time Lags) algorithm was used to detect sequential associations, and the J-measure was used to evaluate the patterns in the study. Sequential association patterns were determined by applying this method to the precipitation data obtained from 6 meteorology stations in the Aras basin. AO (Arctic Oscillation) Index, MEI (Multivariate ENSO) Index, NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) Index, Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) Index, PNA (Pacific/North American), and SOI (Southern Oscillation Index), followed by the 1, 3, 6 and 12-month Agricultural Standardized Precipitation Index (a-SPI) were used in sequential association. The study results revealed that the antecedent parameters were ineffective in detecting arid conditions in Ardahan and Doğubeyazıt stations, and they were influential on drought conditions, especially in a-SPI-3 and a-SPI-12 month periods at other stations. Although the altitude and geographical features are different, similar climatic patterns have been detected in some stations. As a result, it has been determined that climatic oscillations generally bring about typical situations in terms of drought for the Aras Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the study of epidemics and droughts that occurred in the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca at the end of the 18th century. It analyzes the impact of some diseases like smallpox, measles, and typhus on the inhabitants, on the same way, it addresses how they survived while facing a period of climatic anomalies, such as droughts and frosts. The article examines the social and economic consequences in Mixtec communities after a prolonged period of illnesses and meteorological adversities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water scarcity in areas with abundant rainfall due to drought is, in a sense, contradictory; however, the effects of such a situation can have dramatic consequences on the productivity and development of communities. This work, derived from a finished research and financed with resources of the authors, evaluated the threat by drought in the department of Cordoba, Colombia, by means of the Standardized Index of Precipitation (SPI), for a critical scenario defined by the maximum intensities of events with occurrence of two years of return, using the information of 40 meteorological stations; evaluating the SPI to scales of 3 and 6 months and characterizing this index in terms of intensity, duration, frequency and magnitude. The results show the occurrence of droughts of moderate intensity, with frequency of 58 % and 56 % in quarterly and semestral scale respectively, resulting in threat by drought in medium and high categories for some areas of the department; which indicates that, although on the study area there are registered abundant rainfalls, it can be presented scarcity of the resource in the long term caused by droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrological droughts are important for agriculture and other human activities such as navigation and groundwater pumping, so it is necessary to understand their characteristics at various temporal and spatial scales. This study aims to examine the characteristics of hydrological droughts and their propagation from meteorological droughts across Wisconsin. Hydrological droughts were identified for twenty-four U.S. Geological Survey streamflow monitoring sites using the 20th percentile threshold level for each calendar day. Meteorological droughts were identified in the same way using daily precipitation data. Drought events of both types were identified for the period from 1980 to 2018, and the drought in 2012 was examined in detail. Our results indicate that (1) unlike meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts tend to occur more frequently in recent years; (2) characteristics of hydrological droughts are not correlated with those of meteorological droughts or annual precipitation; (3) there are generally three drought regions in Wisconsin showing different drought trends and propagation characteristics; and (4) groundwater withdrawal from unconfined aquifers has exacerbated hydrological droughts. In conclusion, hydrological droughts have become less synchronous with meteorological droughts, which will make drought early warning more challenging. The study sheds light on drought characteristics and propagation in relation to catchment characteristics and human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigated the effect of summer drought conditions on physiological and biochemical parameters in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, Pinus brutia, Quercus infectoria and Crataegus monogyna under field conditions and determined seasonal changes in those parameters. The study focused on soil water content, soil temperature, midday water potential, proline, total soluble sugar and photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid) contents during the growing period. Seasonal changes in those parameters in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, Pinus brutia, Quercus infectoria and Crataegus monogyna were determined under the same environmental conditions in the natural forest area of the western Mediterranean region. P. nigra, P. brutia, Q. infectoria and C. monogyna had similar seasonal changes in physiological responses, though they had different seasonal changes in biochemical responses in natural habitat. Crataegus monogyna had the lowest midday water potential at all sampling dates. In general, Q. infectoria had the highest photosynthetic pigment content, whereas P. nigra and P. brutia had the lowest. P. nigra and P. brutia (coniferous) had lower photosynthetic pigment content and higher midday water potential than those presented by Q. infectoria and C. monogyna (broad-leaved) during the short-term dry period. The results showed that P. nigra and P. brutia (coniferous) were more sensitive than Q. infectoria and C. monogyna (broad-leaved) during summer drought in the natural forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aridland breeding bird communities of the United States are among the most vulnerable to drought, with many species showing significant population declines associated with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. Individual breeding bird species have varied responses to drought which suggests complex responses to changes in water availability. Here, we evaluated the influence of water deficit, an integrative metric of drought stress, on breeding bird communities within 3 distinct aridland habitat types: riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sagebrush shrubland. We used 12 years of breeding bird survey data from 11 national parks and monuments in the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring Network (NCPN). We used a multivariate community-level approach to test for the effect of annual water deficit on the bird communities in the 3 habitats. We found that bird communities responded to water deficit in all 3 habitat types, and 70% of the 30 species–habitat combinations show significant relationships between density and variation in water deficit. Our analyses revealed that the direction and magnitude of species responses to water deficit were habitat-dependent. The habitat-specific responses we observed suggest that the adaptive capacity of some species depends on the habitat in which they occur, a pattern only elucidated with our habitat-based approach. The direction and magnitude of the relationships between predicted densities and annual water deficit can be used to predict the relative sensitivity of species within habitat climate changes. These results provide the first attempt to determine how the indirect effect of changes in water availability might affect aridland breeding birds in distinct habitat types. Linking breeding bird density to annual water deficit may be valuable for predicting changes in species persistence and distribution in response to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lámpsakos is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo, Facultad de Ingenierias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Characterize the 2019 drought in its social context and the conditions of vulnerability of sugarcane growers in the north of Oaxaca, as well as prevention, adaptation and mitigation measures. Methodology: A quantitative technique was used, based on current and historical precipitation data in the región, the beginning of the rainy season and the precipitation of the 2019 were compared with the historical anual average. Through collective and individual interviews, the perception and opinios of sugarcane growers and local were recopilated. Academic and official documents were also reviewed. Results: The 2019 drought has been the most severe in recent decades; this is shown by the testimonies collected by the analysis of the meteorological data. Limitations: The meteorological data series at many stations are incomplete, limiting climate studies. The number of interviews carried oot does not allow the results of the investigation to be projected to a wider región than the area under study. Conclusions: The information generated show the vulnerability of sugarcane growers as they are in a situation of poverty, marginalization, dependence on unions and sugar mills and the lack of preventive, adaptation and mitigation measures. It is concluded that for droughts in humid regions preventive and mitigation measures are minimal. However, it is necessary to implement them since climate change forecast indicate that droughts the will be increasingly intense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented was aimed at determining spectral indices related to soil salinity by remote sensing in two seasons of the year contrasting by their rainfall regimes, in Mayarí Agroecosystem, at Holguin Province, Cuba. The images used were of May 2016 and December 2018, obtained from the USGS by the Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS satellite in the 011/046 grid. The QGis 3.10 software was used to determine the spectral indices, as well as the radiometric correction, statistical report of the digital values of the images and the preparation of thematic maps. The results obtained show the variation of digital values of the spectral indices in both seasons of the year studied, where the IS presented higher content of salts and less areas with vegetation in May 2016, which could be given by the end of the drought season and the beginning of the rainy season. The same behavior was illustrated by the ENDWI, NDDI and VSSI indices, which influenced the behavior of the IS and NDVI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades, Intituto de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Austral de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzes the temporal behavior of the droughts in the Yaqui River Basin, in Mexico using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and determines the influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic phenomenon in the modulation of the SPI variability. 28 climatic stations distributed in the basin gradient and in an additional area to divide of 20 km were used. The quality of the series was evaluated by tests of homogeneity of variances, the common variability between stations was determined through a Principal Component Analysis and a regional SPI was generated for the period 1937--2016. The most severe drought events were recorded in the years 1980, 1988, 1999, 2006 and 2011. The spectral coherence of waves analysis between the SPI and the ENSO indicates a phase relationship for dry and rainy events during the period from 1937 to 1959 at frequencies of one to six years, from 1937 to 1950 at frequencies of 10 to 11 years, from 1972 to 1974 at frequencies of one to two years and from 1997 to 2005 at frequencies of 11 to 15 years. ENSO significantly influences the variability of SPI in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia (07169108) is the property of Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water deficit stress is one of the major limiting factors that adversely affect plant growth and yield production. Some rhizosphere bacteria are known to promote plant growth in such stressful conditions. To study the response of quantifying canola growth, yield and yield components, to root colonization by two species of mycorrhizal fungi, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Zanjan University. The main plot conditions were irrigation at 85% (S1), 70% (S2) and 55% (S3) of field capacity which were defined as no stress, mild and severe stress. The subplot treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal inoculation: non inoculation (control), G. mosseae and G. intraradices. The results showed that regardless of water deficit stress, colonized plants produced more biomass, seed and oil yield than non inoculated plants. Water deficit stress reduced the RWC and oil percentage of the seeds, although mycorrhizal improved these traits. Water deficit strikingly decreased the linoleic acid content in the seeds in contrast with increased stearic, oleic, arachidic and linolenic acids in the canola seeds. The presence of bacteria increased the seed oil percentage, oleic and linoleic contents. However, it decreased arachidic, particularly when the plants were subjected to water deficit stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to identify the genes related to drought tolerance in quinoa. For this, 41 varieties of Chenopodium quinoa Willd were evaluated with six repetitions; in the flowering stage, three pots/material, of each variety, were randomly selected to be induced to total drought for two weeks, resuming irrigation after that period, the other three were the control. From day 27 after sowing, the chlorophyll level was measured and classified as tolerant or susceptible to drought, based on its chlorophyll content index (CCI). For the identification of genes, leaf samples of three varieties were taken (Red head, Salcedo INIA and Kankolla 1). RNA Extraction was performed using reagent® TRI reagent and for the transcriptome sequencing the Ilumina platform was used. 26 genes were identified in the three varieties of quinoa, but in the drought tolerant varieties; three of them are regulated upwards when exposed to drought and five genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) have a change in their pattern of expression as a result of drought exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology that allows the identification of agricultural zones vulnerability due to meteorological drought in Mexico. The proposal uses multivariate evaluation techniques, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), standardization and statistical analysis. The methodological validation process was developed and approved in the State of Mexico territory, where indicators suggested by methodological guide of the INECC and UNPN were select and applied. Also the analysis by thematic overload of variables to process the information was carried out. As result, exposure mapping, sensitivity, resilience and agricultural vulnerability were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: The objective of this article is to aid historians who are interested in recovering the climate history of the current Colombian territory, in their explanations and research about climate and weather factors. Methodology: In order to face the lack of quantitative records, this paper shows some alternatives such as looking for signs from indirect sources, the contrast of sources, series-making, and detection of teleconnections. Originality: It shows the potential of documentary sources, it synthesizes methodological problems and it exemplifies a few ways to solve them based on a research about the Cundiboyacense Plateau in the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Conclusions: The research agenda includes the exploration of new archives, climate history on a regional scale, the study of perceptions about weather even using quantitative records, and the exploration of the relationship climate-society during political struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper a conceptual instrument that confers an integral vision to Risk Management process due to intense drought is proposed. The use of methods such as the experts criterion enabled the adaptation of theories and universal standards of Risk Management on environmentally sustainable bases. The result is a conceptual model with essential characteristics as the interrelation between the pressure-state-impactresponse indicators with the strategic, systemic and participatory approaches that provide potentiality for decision-making facing increasingly frequent and prolonged events caused by precipitations scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field trial was conducted, in order to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of two biofertilizers and a biostimulant on agroproductive variables of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), under conditions of agricultural drought. For such purpose, the isolate Ho5 (Bradyrhizobium sp.), EcoMic® (Funneliformis mosseae) and Quitomax® were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with nine treatments and eight replicas, and an ANOVA was performed. The differences among means were found through Fisher's LSD. The following variables were evaluated: aerial part dry weight, stem length, spike length, spike dry weight, inflorescence and inoculation efficiency index (IEI). The best treatments in most of the studied variables were: EcoMic®+Quitomax®+Ho5, Ho5+EcoMic® and Ho5+Quitomax®, for showing higher results than the absolute control and other inoculated treatments. With the combination of EcoMic®+Quitomax®+Ho5, there was a high percentage of inflorescence (71 %); which suggests that the inclusion of Quitomax® in such combination should have influenced this variable effectively. It is concluded that the combination of the biofertilizers with Quitomax®, in general, showed a higher effect than the control; although EcoMic®+Quitomax®+Ho5 stood out, due to its superiority with regards to other treatments. On the other hand, the application of each biofertilizer, or of Quitomax®, alone, did not show higher results than the absolute control in most of the variables. To evaluate treatments in which these biopreparations were combined in different pasture grasses and different soil types, as well as the long-term effect of these biopreparations on the plant, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes in habitat quality, including those caused by extreme events like droughts and floods, could alter costs and benefits of territoriality and thereby the prevalence and reproductive consequences for individuals capable of breeding that do not do so (floaters). We studied floating behavior in a population of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) in central Arizona during one year of extreme drought, one year of lake inundation, and three years of near average precipitation. In all years, most floaters were second year (SY) males, and most subsequently settled outside of the patch where they were detected in the floating year, suggesting that floaters did not "queue" at high-quality territories in order to achieve higher reproductive success in subsequent years. Instead, cohorts that floated in non-drought years had lower apparent survival and lower reproductive success compared to territorial birds. In the extreme drought year, however, the number of floaters was 1.5 times greater than in all other years combined, more females floated, and apparent survival and mean annual productivity in subsequent years was higher for males that floated in that year than for those that were territorial. Inundation of habitat due to rising reservoir levels did not result in an increase in floaters because many birds nested in inundated areas where trees projected above the water so that the relative amount of available habitat was not reduced to the extent habitat models predicted. Overall, our results indicate that the prevalence and reproductive and demographic consequences of floating can change under extreme climatic events like severe drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results are presented in areas with environmental stress (Capellanía and La Palmita) in the Ingenio Ofelina of Panama, whose limiting factors are drought and bad drainage respectively. 34 genotypes were studied, 24 in Locality one and 29 in the two, coinciding 18 in both sites. The trials were evaluated in the first shoot strain, the harvest variables studied were, t ha-1 cane, percentage of pol in cane and t pol ha-1. As a result, the analysis of main components explained 85.50% of the total variation and allowed to characterize the localities. The cultivars with the best performance in Locality one were B0072, CT-14, E07-11, CT-41 and E07-14, while the cultivars CP89-2143, CT-14 and E07-11 stood out in the 2, coinciding in both sites E07-11 and CT-14. The highest contribution to the total phenotypic variance corresponded to the environmental effects for the percentage of pol in cane (83.15%) and t pol ha-1 (47.62%) while for the cane ha-1 it was the interaction genotype environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used a broad-scale sampling design to Investigate spatial patterns In occupancy and breeding success of territorial pairs of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) In the Diablo Range, California, USA, during a period of exceptional drought (2014-2016). We surveyed 138 randomly selected sample sites over 4 occasions each year and Identified 199 pairs of eagles, 100 of which were detected In focal sample sites. We then used dynamic multistate modeling to Identify relationships between site occupancy and reproduction of Golden Eagles relative to spatial variability In landscape composition and drought conditions. We observed little variability among years In site occupancy (3-yr mean = 0.74), but the estimated annual probability of successful reproduction was relatively low during the study period and declined from 0.39 (± 0.08 SE) to 0.18 (± 0.07 SE). Probabilities of site occupancy and reproduction were substantially greater at sample sites that were occupied by successful breeders In the previous year, Indicating the presence of sites that were consistently used by successfully reproducing eagles. We found strong evidence for nonrandom spatial distribution in both occupancy and reproduction; Sites with the greatest potential for occupancy were characterized by rugged terrain conditions with Intermediate amounts of grassland Interspersed with patches of oak woodland and coniferous forest, whereas successful reproduction was most strongly associated with the amount of precipitation that a site received during the nesting period. Our findings highlight the contribution of consistently occupied and productive breeding sites to overall productivity of the local breeding population, and show that both occupancy and reproduction at these sites were maintained even during a period of exceptional drought. Our approach to quantifying and mapping site quality should be especially useful for the spatial prioritization of compensation measures Intended to help offset the Impacts of Increasing human land use and development on Golden Eagles and their habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some indicators that determine the capacity to establish new varieties of Cenchrus purpureus (CT-801, CT-802, CT-803, CT-804, and CT-805), tolerant to droughts and salinity, in a fragile ecosystem in the province of Granma, Cuba, were evaluated. The study was made at the Cupeysito Basic State Farm, Manuel Fajardo Genetic Project, in Jiguaní, Granma. The five new varieties and variety Cuba CT-115 were used as controls in a randomized block design with four replicas. Shooting was controlled at different times of plantation, and the establishment cutting was made at 162 days, including the study of morphological and physiological variables, total DM yields and DM from leaves, leaf percent, and leaf/stem ratio. Cultivars CT-804 and CT-805 were higher (79%) than the control (CT-115) during shooting. The cultivars had similar height and stem thickness. The largest number of galls of CT-805 and CT- 801 in relation to the progenitor CT-115 posed advantages for establishment. The new varieties, including CT-115, showed favorable levels of daily growth and low growth efficiency until the establishment cut was made, in the dry season. The progressive introduction of cultivars CT-801, CT-802, CT-803, CT-804, and CT-805 is recommended for their capacity to settle down in fragile ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production has been very important in Cuba, however, several factors affect the yield of this crop and not all cultivars of beans respond the same way to the stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water deficit induced by PEG 6000 on the cultivar 'ICA Pijao'. The results showed that increasing concentrations of PEG 6000, reduced the percentage of P. vulgaris cv. ICA Pijao in vitro germination, which confirmed that this stressor agent could be useful to elucidate the physiological response and concentrations PEG 6000 to be used in bioassays to evaluate the plant response in this cultivar should be less than 18 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)