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The Occupied Territories of Palestine (OtP) consists of the non-contiguous West Bank including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. Its dense population with political and economic tensions is affected by a rise in drug trafficking, abuse and addiction. A scoping review mapped what is known about Palestinian children's experiences of drug abuse in the home. Following application of exclusion measures, six records remained. Charting and analysis resulted in three themes: the consequences of being a child with a drug-using parent, causal factors of drug use in Palestinian families and prevalence rates of parental drug use are unknown. The review paints a concerning picture of stigma, family dysfunction, school drop-out, child and family isolation and maladaptive child development. Exposure to drugs, trauma and abuse contributes to strong potential for Palestinian child drug use, sexual exploitation, overdose, psychiatric illness and infectious disease acquisition. The review will inform the urgent strategic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) consist of the non-contiguous West Bank including East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip. It is densely populated within these confines and has a unique socio-economic context characterized by political and economic tensions. Around 2.2 million Palestinians are displaced and living in the ten UNRWA refugee camps in Jordan. Palestinian communities are exposed to a double burden of disease caused by the severe economic, social and health consequences of Israeli occupation and resultant displacement. Exposure to political violence, economic hardship, fragmentation of Palestinian families, unemployment, trauma and community stress underpin a reported rise in drug abuse. Method: A qualitative study using focus groups (n = 3) with a convenience sample of health care and educational professionals was conducted in two UNRWA camps (Al-Zarka, Al-Wehdat) in Jordan. Guided discussions explored the experiences of these professionals in working with Palestinian families and children affected by substance/drug use and drug use disorder in the home. Data were analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Five themes emerged from the TA. These were as follows: (1) access to drugs was perceived to be relatively easy in the camps; (2) Attitudes towards drugs appear to have desensitized, yet stigma persists; (3) families of drug users are affected by fear, social and economic poverty, with significant physical and psychological cost to children; (4) causes of substance/drug use in Palestinian communities living in Jordanian UNRWA camps is multifactorial; (5) solutions are multi-faceted and indicative of the need for prevention and support for those at risk, and affected. Threats to UNRWA from the current political climate and the reducing investment in services may exacerbate this public health and security issue. For an evidence-based approach to have credibility in the camp communities, there is a need for accurate, factual information, along with robust epidemiological data, relating to the extent, characteristics and harms associated with drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Occupied Territories of Palestine (OtP) consists of the non-contiguous West Bank including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. Political and economic tensions and its dense populations compound the impact of drug abuse and addiction in the home. A qualitative study using four focus groups (n = 42) was conducted in West Bank and Gaza Strip explored the experiences of professionals working with Palestinian families and children affected by substance use and addiction in the home. Data were analysed using thematic analysis (TA), and four themes emerged. These were 'The rising and shifting problem of drug use in Palestine'; 'Psychosocial causal factors of drug use in Palestine'; 'The consequences for children and families living with drug use'; and 'Potential solutions to the problem are complex and multi-faceted.' The study paints a concerning picture of how drug abuse impacts on Palestinian families subjected to multiple pressures, stigmas, risks and harms relating to their situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The rate of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA; when an incapacitating drug is administered surreptitiously to facilitate sexual assault) is perceived to be increasing in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, causing international concern. This article examines evidence that quantifies the contribution of drugs in instances of alleged DFSA, identifies the substances involved, and discusses the implications of these findings. Of 389 studies examined, 11 were included in this review. The only study to consider covert drugging reported that 2% of alleged DFSA cases were attributable to surreptitious drug administration. Other studies failed to remove voluntary drug consumption from their cohort, biasing results. A study by the United Kingdom's National Forensic Services found no evidence to suggest that flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) had been used for DFSA during its 3-year investigation. In the United States, flunitrazepam is used recreationally, providing a likely explanation for its presence in samples of some alleged DFSA victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]