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The utilization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the field of cancer therapeutics has emerged as a promising avenue of research in recent years. This inquiry delves into the multifaceted potential of bio-functionalized carbon nanotubes for diverse anti-cancer activities. Carbon nanotubes, with their distinct structural and physicochemical properties, offer a versatile platform for innovative approaches in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The process of bio-functionalizing CNTs plays a pivotal role in enhancing their compatibility with living organisms and specificity, thereby facilitating precise targeting of cancer cells. This scholarly article elucidates the strategies employed for modifying the surface of CNTs and characterizes the bio-functionalized CNTs, setting the stage for their application in anti-cancer therapies. Through a thorough examination of the anti-cancer activities, this research investigates the potential of CNTs to serve as carriers for drug delivery, exemplifying their ability to enhance the availability of drugs and mitigate side effects. Moreover, this study elucidates the diagnostic potential of bio-functionalized CNTs, explicating their applications in cancer imaging, detection, and identification of biomarkers. Mechanistically, the article unveils the pathways through which these nanotubes exert their anti-cancer effects, including the induction of apoptosis and modulation of autophagy. While acknowledging the immense promise of bio-functionalized CNTs, this research also highlights the existing challenges and limitations. Looking toward the future, this article discusses emerging trends in CNT-based cancer therapies, envisioning a future where personalized medicine and nanotechnology converge to revolutionize cancer treatment. Ethical and regulatory considerations are also deliberated upon, emphasizing the need for a responsible and safe transition of these technologies from laboratory experiments to clinical applications. In summary, this study unravels the burgeoning potential of bio-functionalized carbon nanotubes in various anti-cancer activities, underscoring their transformative impact on cancer research and therapy. As the field of nanomedicine continues to expand, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the possibilities that lie ahead in the battle against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]