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Hanan M Alharbi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hanan M Alharbi, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia, Email hmsharbi@uqu.edu.saAbstract: The burgeoning global mortality rates attributed to cancer have precipitated a critical reassessment of conventional therapeutic modalities, most notably chemotherapy, due to their pronounced adverse effects. This reassessment has instigated a paradigmatic shift towards nanomedicine, with a particular emphasis on the potentialities of biopolymer-assisted drug delivery systems. Biopolymers, distinguished by their impeccable biocompatibility, versatility, and intrinsic biomimetic properties, are rapidly ascending as formidable vectors within the cancer theragnostic arena. This review endeavors to meticulously dissect the avant-garde methodologies central to biopolymer-based nanomedicine, exploring their synthesis, functional mechanisms, and subsequent clinical ramifications. A key focus of this analysis is the pioneering roles and efficacies of lipid-based, polysaccharide, and composite nano-carriers in enhancing drug delivery, notably amplifying the enhanced permeation and retention effect. This examination is further enriched by referencing flagship nano formulations that have received FDA endorsement, thereby underscoring the transformative potential and clinical viability of biopolymer-based nanomedicines. Furthermore, this discourse illuminates groundbreaking advancements in the realm of photodynamic therapy and elucidates the implications of advanced imaging techniques in live models. Conclusively, this review not only synthesizes current research trajectories but also delineates visionary pathways for the integration of cutting-edge biomaterials in cancer treatment. It charts a course for future explorations within the dynamic domain of biopolymer-nanomedicine, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding and enhanced application of these novel therapeutic strategies.Keywords: theragnostic, nanomedicines, antitumor, drug delivery, nanotherapeutic, anticancer, biopolymers

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious kidney disease without specific medications currently except for expensive dialysis treatment. Some potential drugs are limited due to their high hydrophobicity, poor in vivo stability, low bioavailability and possible adverse effects. Besides, kidney-targeted drugs are not common and small molecules are cleared too quickly to achieve effective drug concentrations in injured kidneys. These problems limit the development of pharmacological therapy for AKI. Nanotherapeutics based on nanotechnology have been proved to be an emerging and promising treatment strategy for AKI, which may solve the pharmacological therapy dilemma. More and more nanotherapeutics with different physicochemical properties are developed to efficiently deliver drugs, increase accumulation and control release of drugs in injury kidneys and also directly as effective antioxidants. Here, we discuss the recent nanotherapeutics applied in the treatment and prevention of AKI with improved effectiveness and few side effects.

• Neurodegenerative disorders involve neuronal loss in central nervous system. • Vector delivery is capable to develop safer and efficient gene delivery to brain. • Here various viral vector in neurodegenerative disorders has been discussed. Neurodegenerative disorders affecting a large populace involve neuronal loss in central nervous system (CNS) system. Recently, viral vector having particle size < 100 nm come up to light as an effective tool to deliver desirable gene in mutated cells by utilizing transfection ability of viruses to recover brain diseases. Vector delivery and production methods have evolved over recent years with an objective to develop safer and efficient gene delivery to brain. This review highlights different types of viral vector, virus production and their application in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. We also explored the barriers associated with this paradigm along with the future prospective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]