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Sweet flag (Acorus calamus) is a well-known plant all over the world due to its specific bioactive components β- asarone in plants.The present study reports the quantitative estimation of rhizome oil of the sweet flag plant; obtain from the various district ofUttarakhand, and different geographical surroundings. GC-MS is used to estimate the quantity of rhizome oil. Although leaves areenriched by the several medicinal constituents revealed by the previous studies, rhizome, and the oil it is being investigated. The maincomponent which was identified was Cis-ocimene, Linalool, Trans methyl isoeugenol, β and α-asarone, and euasarone. β-asarone inthe different samples; showed a higher percentage as compared to another component. It was observed that the Gopeshwar regionsample had the 74.36 least percentage and the Pauri sample had the 92.22 highest percentage of β-Asarone. Meanwhile, the Gopeshwarregion sample had 17.25 highest percentage, and the Pauri sample had 1.57 least percentage of α-Asarone. Fungal infection is prevalentnowadays. The oil from all regions subjected to antifungal activity against the Aspirigilla fumigates, A. Parasiticus, MicrosporumCanis, M. gypsum, Cladosporium, Aspergillus niger. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) against Aspirigilla fumigates, A. parasiticusand was a maximum of 10cm for the Gopeshwar sample,9cm for the Ramnagar sample as compared to the reference drug gentamicin.

The antimicrobial activity of Petroleum-ether, Benzene, Chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of crude leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng were tested against the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Paper disk diffusion technique. Nearly all the extracts were found to exhibit moderate to good antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens tested and the petroleum ether extract recorded largest zone of inhibition against B. subtilis . The positive results so obtained were compared with that of the reference standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Antifungal activity of the above extracts were tested on fungal strains Aspergilus niger , Aspergilus candidus and Candida albicans using Fluconazole as the standard drug. The result shows significant antimicrobial activity of extracts against tested fungi and bacteria.

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng belonging to the family Astercaceae is an annual herb. It grows up to one meter high, bears small white-colored flowers. Even though this plant has gained scientific importance recently, there is a need for the pharmacognostic standardization. Hence, in the present work the leaf and petiol part of the plant were subjected to various microscopical and physical evaluations. In the microscopical studies, the different cell structures and arrangements were studied and in physical evaluation the ash values and extractive values were studied. The various pharmacognostical constants were obtained which could help in the development of a suitable monograph for the plant.