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Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) is a newly emerging disease in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, which has resulted in large economic losses. However, the underlying cause of this disease remains unclear. To better understand the pathogenesis and pathogenic mechanism of HPND, we compared the transcriptome differences of the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis with and without HPND. The analysis yielded > 30 million reads for each sample of three test (with HPND) and three control groups (without HPND). We observed 978 downregulated genes and 644 upregulated genes. Among the gene ontology categories "biological process," "cellular component," and "molecular function", the subcategories cellular process, single-organism process, biological regulation, metabolic process, cell part, organelle, organelle part, binding, and catalytic were enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that "metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450," "drug metabolism—cytochrome P450," "chemical carcinogenesis," and "material metabolism" were the "five" most significantly enriched pathways in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis with HPND. The results revealed that material metabolic abnormalities and drug effects from the external environment might be associated with HPND in the Chinese mitten crab. Considering the wide use of pyrethroids for pond cleaning in Xinghua city, we speculated that pyrethroids might cause HPND in the Chinese mitten crab. Our study provided useful information about the cause and pathogenetic mechanisms of HPND and could help to prevent this disease in production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deltamethrin is an important pesticide widely used against ectoparasites. Deltamethrin contamination has resulted in a threat to the healthy breeding of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, we investigated transcriptional responses in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis exposed to deltamethrin. We obtained 99,087,448, 89,086,478, and 100,117,958 raw sequence reads from control 1, control 2, and control 3 groups, and 92,094,972, 92,883,894, and 92,500,828 raw sequence reads from test 1, test 2, and test 3 groups, respectively. After filtering and quality checking of the raw sequence reads, our analysis yielded 79,228,354, 72,336,470, 81,859,826, 77,649,400, 77,194,276, and 75,697,016 clean reads with a mean length of 150 bp from the control and test groups. After deltamethrin treatment, a total of 160 and 167 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology terms “biological process,” “cellular component,” and “molecular function” were enriched with respect to cell killing, cellular process, other organism part, cell part, binding, and catalytic. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that the metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. We found that the CYP450 enzyme system, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and material (including carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and other substances) metabolism played important roles in the metabolism of deltamethrin in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis. This study revealed differentially expressed genes related to insecticide metabolism and detoxification in E. sinensis for the first time and will help in understanding the toxicity and molecular metabolic mechanisms of deltamethrin in E. sinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]