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The majority of antimicrobials that are produced are administered to animals, particularly food animals. While the overall impact of antimicrobial use in animals on antimicrobial resistance in humans and the environment is unclear, it undeniably has a role. Yet, some degree of antimicrobial use in animals is necessary for animal health and welfare purposes. Balancing the benefits and risks of antimicrobial use in animals is challenging because of the complexity of the problem and limitations in available data. However, a range of measures can be implemented to reduce, refine and optimize antimicrobial use in animals, with a goal of minimizing the impact on human and environmental health while maintaining necessary therapeutic use in animals. A pandemic instrument can provide the necessary foundation for the whole-of-society and whole-of government One Health approach that is required to strengthen surveillance, communication, collaboration, and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and pharmacodynamic profiles of four ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against staphylococcal isolates from clinical cases of human and veterinary staphylococcal infections, and to determine the effect of methicillin resistance on the antimicrobial activity of ionophores. Broth microdilution MIC testing was used to determine antimicrobial activity against 156 staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origin. Pharmacodynamic profiles were examined using time‐kill kinetics profiles against an ATCC type strain of Staphylococcus aureus and a clinical isolate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. All tests were performed in accordance with CLSI guidelines. All four ionophores demonstrated antimicrobial activity against methicillin‐resistant staphylococci at concentrations similar to those observed for methicillin‐susceptible isolates of the same species. Testing of human and veterinary MRSA isolates also showed that MIC values were not influenced by the host origin of the isolates. Pharmacodynamic profiles were similar for both isolates tested across all four ionophores, with similar reductions in viable cell counts being observed over an 18‐ to 24‐hr period. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin all demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origins, with activity being unaffected by methicillin resistance status, although some Staphylococcus species‐specific effects were observed that require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antibiotics in livestock in Australia was assessed in the recent global review of antimicrobial resistance,[5] and among the 29 countries included in the review, Australia ranked fifth, well below Denmark, a country considered the benchmark for antibiotic use. In addition to the quantity of use, significant attention is paid in Australia to the quality of use of antibiotics, as highlighted in a recent prescribing guideline.[6] Veterinary medicine, Infection control, Vaccination, Zoonoses, Anti-infective agents. [Extracted from the article]

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