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Metabolomics is one of the most promising 'omics' sciences for the implementation in medicine by developing new diagnostic tests and optimizing drug therapy. Since in metabolomics, the end products of the biochemical processes in an organism are studied, which are under the influence of both genetic and environmental factors, the metabolomics analysis can detect any changes associated with both lifestyle and pathological processes. Almost every case-controlled metabolomics study shows a high diagnostic accuracy. Taking into account that metabolomics processes are already described for most nosologies, there are prerequisites that a high-speed and comprehensive metabolite analysis will replace, in near future, the narrow range of chemical analyses used today, by the medical community. However, despite the promising perspectives of personalized metabolomics, there are currently no FDA-approved metabolomics tests. The well-known problem of complexity of personalized metabolomics data analysis and their interpretation for the end-users, in addition to a traditional need for analytical methods to address the quality control, standardization, and data treatment are reported in the review. Possible ways to solve the problems and change the situation with the introduction of metabolomics tests into clinical practice, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson's disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of drug therapy according to the personal characteristics of patients is a perspective direction in modern medicine. One of the possible ways to achieve such personalization is through the application of "omics" technologies, including current, promising metabolomics methods. This review demonstrates that the analysis of pre-dose metabolite biofluid profiles allows clinicians to predict the effectiveness of a selected drug treatment for a given individual. In the review, it is also shown that the monitoring of post-dose metabolite profiles could allow clinicians to evaluate drug efficiency, the reaction of the host to the treatment, and the outcome of the therapy. A comparative description of pharmacotherapy personalization (pharmacogenomics, pharmacoproteomics, and therapeutic drug monitoring) and personalization based on the analysis of metabolite profiles for biofluids (pharmacometabolomics) is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]