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Aiming at the high-speed railway (HSR)-China Railway Track System III (CRTS III) slab ballastless track (SBT)-simply-supported bridge system, the mapping relationship between girder deformation and rail deformation had been deduced theoretically, and then, the additional irregularity of the rail was obtained. A dynamic model of the high-speed train-track-bridge (TTB) coupling system was established according to existing theory on the high-speed TTB dynamic interactions. Combined with the mapping relationship, taking the superposition of the additional irregularity and the random irregularity as excitation, the dynamic response of two train models (CRH2 and ICE3 trains) was analysed by using the high-speed TTB coupling system model. The recommended thresholds of girder deformation were given based on running safety and ride comfort indicators. The results show that the sensitivities of the two train models exposed to girder deformation were different, and the CRH2 train was more sensitive to the lateral girder deformation. The non-uniform dislocation deformation of multiple girders exerted a slightly more significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of two train models than the dislocation deformation of single girder. Under the same amplitude of girder deformation, the influences of vertical girder dislocation and vertical girder rotation on the running safety and ride comfort of trains were significantly greater than that of lateral girder dislocation and lateral girder rotation. Acceleration and wheel-rail force increase rapidly in the area of girder deformation. To guarantee running safety and ride comfort of trains, this paper proposes suggested values for girder deformation thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]