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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic situation creates specific conditions for increased anxiety and increased attention to respiratory sensations. This can become a favorable ground for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing. Dysfunctional breathing is a pattern of breathing that does not meet physiological needs and can lead to respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive disorders and neurological dysfunctions (Chaitow et al.,2014) Objectives: The aim of the study is to identify "personality predictors" for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The author's socio-demographic questionnaire, the Naimigen Questionnaire (VanDixhoorn, Duivenvoordent, 1984), HEXACO-PI-R (Ashton, Lee, 2017; Egorova, Psrshikova, Mitina, 2019), and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983; Leonova, 2013) were used. The study was conducted online from April 27 to May 27. 582 people from all regions of Russia attended it, including 496 women and 86 men aged 18 to 64 years. Results: Dysfunctional breathing has a direct correlation with personal anxiety (r=0.543, p=0.000) and emotionality (r=0.370, p=0.000), as well as a negative correlation with the personality traits of Honesty/Humility(r=-0.153, p=0.000), Extraversion (r=-0.247, p=0.000), Agreeableness (r=-0.226, p=0.000), and Conscientiousness (r=-0.128, p=0.002). Conclusions: Thus, in the COVID-19 pandemic context, dysfunctional breathingwas detected in people with increased trait anxiety and pronounced emotionality, as well as in people with hostility and low conscientiousness/organization, as well as in introverts and those who are inclined to demonstrate social status. The occurrence of dysfunctional breathing during a pandemic can be interpreted as a sign of coronavirus disease by those people, which can motivate them to seek medical help, and thus increase the burden on the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The dysfunctional breathing (DB) are pathological and stable breathing patterns, in which the pulmonary ventilation is inadequate to the functional needs of the body. As a result, breathing pattern disorder provokes respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, muscular, neurologic and psychological dysfunctions. DB may aggravate the underlying cause of the disease, mimics a serious illness or creates medically unexplained symptoms because of the psychological factor. Objectives: To exam of etiological reasons, classification, comorbidity of dysfunctional breathing in different study fields (psychiatry, pulmonology, psychology). Methods: There were conducted literature reviews searching the terms "dysfunctional breathing" in PubMed and Web of Science at study fields of psychiatry, pulmonology, and psychology. The research strategy was limited to articles written in English and included only adult human samples. Results: The etiologic reasons for BD may be pathological, biomechanical, biochemical, environmental, habitual, psychological, or their combination. DB includes the next types: hyperventilation syndrome, unregular breathing, thoracoabdominal asynchrony, upper-chest breathing, periodic deep sighing or breath holdings. Dysfunctional breathing can aggravate asthma, COPD and occur because of nasal breathing disorders. Dysfunctional breathing accompanies to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, somatoform and dissociative disorders. From a psychological point of view, respiratory pattern disorders occur in response to stress, attachment disorders, as well as a distorted interpretation of internal sensations. Conclusions: The study, diagnosis, and treatment of dysfunctional breathing require a holistic consideration of human functioning, taking into account physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, it is necessary to create an interdisciplinary approach to research various causes of dysfunctional breathing and provide personalized care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]