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Until the Mw 6.6 Luding earthquake ruptured the Moxi section of the Xianshuihe fault (XSHF) on 5 September 2022, the region had not experienced an Mw >6 earthquake since instrumental records began. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) and Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations to image the coseismic deformation and constrain the location and geometry of the seismogenic fault using a Bayesian method We then present a distributed slip model of the 2022 Mw6.6 Luding earthquake, a left-lateral strike-slip earthquake that occurred on the Moxi section of the Xianshuihe fault in the southwest Sichuan basin, China. Two tracks (T26 and T135) of the InSAR data captured a part of the coseismic surface deformation with the line-of-sight displacements range from ∼−0.16 m to ~0.14 m in the ascending track and from ~−0.12 m to ~0.10 m in the descending track. The inverted best-fitting fault model shows a pure sinistral strike-slip motion on a west-dipping fault plane with a strike of 164.3°. We adopt a variational Bayesian approach and account for the uncertainties in the fault geometry to retrieve the distributed slip model. The inverted result shows that the maximum slip of ~1.82 m occurred at a depth of 5.3 km, with the major slip concentrated within depths ranging from 0.9–11 km. The InSAR-determined moment is 1.3 × 1019 Nm, with a shear modulus of 30 GPa, equivalent to Mw 6.7. The published coseismic slip models of the 2022 Luding earthquake show apparent differences despite the use of similar geodetic or seismic observations. These variations underscore the uncertainty associated with routinely performed source inversions and their interpretations for the underlying fault model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault locking inversion can clarify the occurrence mechanisms of large earthquakes and the seismic hazards of future earthquakes. Due to limited observations in mainland China, fault locking inversions have typically been unstable. To investigate a more suitable fault locking behavior of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt (LTB) preceding the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, GNSS velocity field data during 1999–2007 and the least-squares collocation method (LSCM) are used in this study. Despite the limited stations, after interpolating the GNSS velocity with the LSCM, uncertainties are reduced to some extent during the inversion. Based on the interpolation data, the inversion shows two locked areas that are consistent with the coseismic slip distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake. The third locked area is located on the southern LTB. A checkerboard scheme is proposed, and historic earthquakes larger than M 3.0 since 1950 are analyzed to recheck our inversion. According to the inverted result, the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes are two independent events. Additionally, we propose that future destructive earthquakes may occur on the southern segment of the LTB. The maximum magnitude of a future possible earthquake is Mw 8.2. • The fault locking behavior of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt was investigated. • After interpolating the GNSS data, the fault locking inversion is more reasonable. • The southern segment of LTB is more capable of a large and destructive earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]