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Chilotherium represents one of the most characteristic rhinocerotid genera during the late Miocene of Eurasia. In Europe, it is restricted to the eastern parts of the continent (Balkan Peninsula and Peri-Pontic region). In total, eight Chilotherium species have been described from European material, with Samos (Greece) representing the type locality of four of them. Herein, the type material of 'Chilotherium wegneri' is revisited. The type cranium is considered lost for the past half-century, but the associated mandible is still housed in the collections of the Geomuseum Münster (Germany). The 'C. wegneri' type mandible is redescribed and, taking into account the original illustration of the type cranium, compared to other chilotheres from Europe and Asia. Accordingly, the previously proposed synonymy of 'C. wegneri' and Chilotherium schlosseri, which was also initially described from the late Miocene of Samos, is further supported. Lastly, an overview of the late Miocene record of Chilotherium in Europe is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remains of the fossil aardvark Amphiorycteropus gaudryi (Orycteropodidae, Tubulidentata) from the late Miocene locality of Kerassia in Greece are here described and compared with material of other orycteropodid species. The studied material includes a partially preserved skull, two mandibular fragments, two lumbar vertebrae, the first rather complete sacrum of the species and some appendicular skeletal remains. The new material reveals noteworthy information on the diagnostic characteristics of the species, such as the variable morphology of the foramen magnum. Furthermore, we comment on some ecomorphological features associated with the fossorial habits of A. gaudryi and discuss its tail length. Lastly, the biogeographical distribution of the species is examined. Emphasis is given to its noticeable absence in the classical locality of Pikermi (Attica) and its presence on Samos Island, at a slightly younger age. In Kerassia, A. gaudryi does not occur in the lower fossiliferous horizon, but only in the stratigraphically younger, upper horizon. Since A. gaudryi is known from MN11 to MN13, its exclusive occurrence in the upper fossiliferous horizon of Kerassia could be connected to spatial and temporal environmental changes of the Eastern Mediterranean during the late Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]