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Persistent left superior vena cava ( LSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly which usually produces no physiologic derangements if it drains into the right atrium via the coronary sinus, but it may cause significant desaturation when it drains into the left atrium ( LA). Failure to diagnose LSVC communicating with the LA preoperatively may lead to serious consequences. We are describing an interesting case of a boy who presented with systemic desaturation due to an undetected LSVC after having undergone corrective surgery for atrioventricular canal defect. We have demonstrated that echocardiography with agitated saline contrast is a simple, accurate, and inexpensive diagnostic modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive right atrium (RA) enlargement is certainly more common in children than in adults, owing to rare congenital anomalies. RA could be enlarged in a case of rheumatic heart disease especially when associated with severe mitral valve disease or pulmonary hypertension. We are presenting a case of 25‐year‐old female patient who presented with features of congestive heart failure. Echocardiography revealed the presence of giant RA along with organic severe tricuspid regurgitation, mild tricuspid stenosis, and mild aortic regurgitation. RA volume measured in our case was about 1000 mL which is the largest description so far described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]