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A new species, Acantholimon assadii from mountainous slopes of N of Kerman, Zarend, Kerman Province, south-east of Iran is here described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically distinguished from the other species of Acantholimon sect. Acantholimon by short spike-like inflorescence, length and width of bract and bracteoles, shape of bract and bracteoles, color of calyx and corolla.

Limonium ksamilum, a new species is described and illustrated from southern Albania, where it grows along the calcareous rocky coast near Ksamil. It shows close taxonomical relationships with L. dictyophorum, as well as with L. himariense and L. arcuatum, with which it shares similar ecological requirements. Remarks on its morphological features, distribution, ecology, conservation status and an analytical key for the species of Limonium occurring in Albania are provided.

The Sierra de las Nieves National Park, declared by the Spanish Government in July 2021, is part of the Serranía de Ronda (Western Baetic mountains), which is considered one of the main centres of biodiversity and endemicity of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia, Spain) and the Mediterranean Basin. The park and its surroundings have an important diversity of vascular plants, mainly due to the orographic, climatic and geological diversity of the area, which is divided into three biogeographical sectors: Rondeño sector (limestones, dolomites and clays), Bermejense sector (peridotites and serpentines) and Aljíbico sector (gneisses and micaschists). This contribution presents the first catalogue of the vascular flora of this national park and its surrounding area, with 1,387 taxa distributed in 104 families and 542 genera. An amount of 79 taxa are endemic to Andalusia and 57 are endangered: 4 are Critically Endangered (CR), 17 are Endangered (EN) and 36 are Vulnerable (VU).

The chloroplast genome of Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock, a halophytic species, was sequenced to understand genetic differences based on its geographical distribution. The cp genome of L. tetragonum was 154,689 bp long (GC ratio is 37.0%) and has four subregions: 84,572 bp of large single-copy (35.3%) and 12,813 bp of small singlecopy (31.5%) regions were separated by 28,562 bp of inverted repeat (40.9%) regions. It contained 128 genes (83 proteincoding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). Thirty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 33 INDEL regions (88 bp in length) were identified. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees showed that L. tetragonum formed a sister group with L. aureum, which is incongruent with certain previous studies, including a phylogenetic analysis.

The bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 is revised with description of Ceratostigma stagona sp. n., from Xizang Autonomous Region, China. A new combination of an Indonesian endemic species, C. lisae (Thornton, 1984) comb. n., is proposed, and thus Ceratostigma is newly recorded from Indonesia. A distribution map and a key to species of Ceratostigma are also provided.

Limonium mucronatum (L.f.) Chaz. (Plumbaginaceae), a strict endemic of Morocco, has a restricted range in the littoral zone between Rabat and Tan Tan (Draa valley). This coastal region at the junction of Mediterranean, Canary and Saharan influences is of considerable biogeographical interest. However, little information exists on L. mucronatum communities and its relationship with bioclimatology or chromosome polymorphisms, which may have an impact in the context of plant conservation. In this study, we analysed L. mucronatum communities and performed a cytometric and karyological characterization of this rare species. Results showed two plant communities associated with this species related to a latitudinal and bioclimatic gradient along the surveyed region. Our study provided for the first time new data regarding nuclear DNA amount and about the numbers, positions and organization of 45S rDNA loci in L. mucronatum. Remarkably, cytogenetic analyses revealed homogeneous ploidy across all studied populations with all individuals with 2n¼12 chromosomes. The results obtained are discussed in the context of the originality of flora and the threats to L. mucronatum communities, and in the perspective of a conservation strategy for this endemic species info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Carlos Pau was one of the first Spanish botanists interested in the flora of northern Morocco. He proposed 421 taxa for this area, including some illegitimate names and nomina nuda. A complete and annotated catalogue of names by Pau for Moroccan taxa is presented here. For all of them, the typification and synonymy have been evaluated. For 63 taxa the holotype is indicated, and 206 taxa are typified here. The main collection of Pau and most types are preserved in Herb. MA, but many types have also been found in Herb. BC and other European herbaria.

The Marmarica Plateau, which is situated on both sides of the Libyan-Egyptian border, has significant historical and ecological importance. Nevertheless, its botanical components have not been updated or reviewed recently. This paper aims to study the floristic composition of the plateau on the Libyan side by a comprehensive review of the five most detailed studies conducted in the area during the period 1930−2008. The study area covers only 3.4% of the Libyan territory, while the plant inventory at the species level comprises 31% (642/2082) of the National flora. Plant life-form is dominated by therophytes (60.7%) and chamaephytes (23.7%). Seven taxa are new records for the Libyan flora, 14 are alien, 28 were cultivated, and 37 taxa are endemic or near-endemic to the Libyan flora and nearby countries. A total of 225 taxa have not been recorded since 1930, which revealed that they are scarce and may have gone locally extinct due to climatic and unsustainable anthropogenic stresses. Another possibility is that these taxa may be incorrectly identified in the original publications, and this data have never been updated. The present study highlighted the richness and importance of the flora in the Libyan part of the Marmarica Plateau, necessitating conservation intervention, particularly for protecting endemic and rare plants and the biodiversity hotspots.

This study was conducted to identify areas of endemism for Acantholimon species using parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and to detect endemic species richness of the genus in the region. The r...

Introgression is a poorly understood evolutionary outcome of hybridisation because it may remain largely undetected whenever it involves the transfer of small parts of the genome from one species to another. Aiming to understand the early stages of this process, a putative case from the southernmost border of the Armeria pungens range from its congener A. macrophylla is revisited following the discovery of a subpopulation that does not show phenotypic signs of introgression and resembles typical A. pungens. We analysed morphometrics, nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and plastid DNA (trnL‐trnF) sequences, genome size, 45S and 5S rDNA loci‐FISH data and nrDNA IGS sequences. Within the study site, most individuals match morphologies of either of the two hybridising species, particularly the new subpopulation, with intermediate phenotypes being scarce. This pattern does not fully fit molecular evidence revealing two ITS ribotypes co‐occurring intragenomically in most plants from the study site and one single plastid haplotype. Genome size and structural features of the IGS sequences both indicate that A. pungens from the study site is genetically more similar to its sympatric congener than to the remainder of its conspecifics. Introgression of A. macrophylla into A. pungens and plastid capture explain all the evidence analysed. However, important features to understand the origin and fate of the introgressed population, such as the degree and direction of introgression, which are important for understanding early stages of hybridisation in plants with low reproductive barriers, should be addressed with new data., SG benefited from a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Government of Spain (RYC‐2014‐16608). This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity through: CGL2013‐49097‐C2‐(subprojects 1‐P and 2‐P), CGL2016‐75694‐P and CGL2017‐88500‐P (AEI/FEDER, EU).

Limonium Mill. plants are typical recretohalophytes, as they withstand salt stress by secreting excess salt onto the leaf surface through salt glands. However, little is known on the salinity thresholds of these plants and the function of salt glands in salt tolerance. Here, we investigated the salinity thresholds of salt tolerance of the Limonium species L. aureum (Linn.) Hill, L. gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze, L. otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze and L. sinuatum (L.) Mill grown with various concentrations of NaCl. The salinity thresholds of L. otolepis, L. aureum, L. sinuatum and L. gmelinii were 300, 350, 400 and 420 mm NaCl, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that total dry weight, chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration were highly positively correlated with the total fresh weights of all four Limonium species and could therefore be used as indicators of plant salt tolerance. Furthermore, as the salt gland density on the leaf surface increased, the rate of salt secretion per salt gland also increased, allowing more Na+ to be secreted from the plant. Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that salt gland density, Na+ content and Na+ secretion rate per salt gland were positively correlated with salt concentration. These observations support the notion that salt glands play important roles in the adaptation of Limonium species to high salinity conditions.

In this contribution, new chromosome data obtained on material collected in Italy are presented. It includes the first counts for Hieracium glanduliferum s.str. and H. tenuiflorum, counts for two Armeria species endemic to Italy, and for Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum. We also present here the first chromosome count of Allium permixtum for Italy, where this species is known for few localities.

The genus Limonium, commonly known as Sea Lavenders, is one of the most species-rich genera of the family Plumbaginaceae. In this study, two new plastomes for the genus Limonium, viz. L. tetragonum and L. bicolor, were sequenced and compared to available Limonium plastomes, viz. L. aureum and L. tenellum, to understand the gene content and structural variations within the family. The loss of the rpl16 intron and pseudogenisation of rpl23 was observed. This study reports, for the first time, expansion of the IRs to include the ycf1 gene in Limonium plastomes, incongruent with previous studies. Two positively selected genes, viz. ndhF and ycf2, were identified. Furthermore, putative barcodes are proposed for the genus, based on the nucleotide diversity of four Limonium plastomes.

Limonium supinum, a perennial herb with interest for the restoration and gardening of arid zones, is widely distributed in saline areas from southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Laboratory experiments w...

The Linnaean names Statice aurea, S. cordata, S. flexuosa, S. incana, S. pruinosa, and S. speciosa (Plumbaginaceae) are investigated. Specimens from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) are designated as lectotypes of S. aurea, S. flexuosa, S. pruinosa and S. speciosa, and an illustration is designated as lectotype for S. cordata. Finally, the typification of the remaining Linnaean names in Statice is briefly reviewed and discussed.

Se describe una nueva especie de Limonium Mill.: L. albarracinense Pau ex P. P. Ferrer & R. Rosello. (Plumbaginaceae) para los substratos yesososalinos de las localidades de Royuela (Sierra de Albarracin) y Villarquemado (Comunidad de Teruel) en la provincia de Teruel (Espana). Se aporta una lamina y una tabla donde se compara con otros taxones muy proximos morfologicamente.

Wijnands, D.O.†, J. Heniger, J.F. Veldkamp, N. Fumeaux & M.W. Callmander (2017). The botanical legacy of Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798) in Geneva. Candollea 72 : 155–198. In English, English abstract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2017v721a11 The contribution made by Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798) to systematic botany has been widely underestimated. Fourteen volumes of the second part of his Natuurlijke Historie of Uitvoerige Beschrijving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, published between 1773 and 1783, dealt with botany. Houttuyn popularized the Linnaean system and published more than 150 species and several genera. The historical context of this early botanical work is described. The history of the acquisition of Houttuyn's herbarium is outlined and an English translation of his auction catalogue is provided. We discuss Houttuyn's exotic herbaria from the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Java (Indonesia), and Japan. Houttuyn did not go abroad to collect plants. His herba...

Acantholimon gemicianum Kaptaner Igci, Koruklu & Aytac sp. nova (Plumbaginaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Turkey. It grows on marl and marl-gypsum steppes. It most resembles A. strigillosum and A. turcicum, and the diagnostic morphological characters useful in distinguishing A. gemicianum are discussed. Notes on its habitat ecology and pollen morphology are provided, along with the distribution map and a key to species.

A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and non-motile. The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. However, DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . nicotianae DSM 20123T, G. arilaitensis Re117T and G. mysorens LMG 16219T were 47.5±2.6, 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 %, respectively. The combination of DNA–DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T).

Callmander, M.W., O.D. Durbin, H.W. Lack, P. Bungener, P. Martin & L. Gautier (2017). Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757–1808) and the gardens of Cels and Empress Josephine. Candollea 72 : 87–132. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http//dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2017v721a8The intensive geographical exploration of the world, starting in the mid eighteenth century, resulted in the discovery of numerous plant species new to science of which many were subsequently introduced into cultivation in Europe. Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757–1808) contributed widely to this process. After the end of his curatorial and teaching commitments at Sainte-Genevieve Abbey in Paris he became an active botanist following in the footprints of his mentor Charles Louis L'Heritier de Brutelle (1746–1800). Ventenat was attracted by a trend of his period : publishing magnificent botanical books splendidly illustrated. He published three flower books from 1800 to 1808 on exotic plants recently brought to France from all over the world by various expeditions. Two flower books describe plants cultivated by Jacques-Martin Cels (1740–1806), an influential horticulturist who had built one of the most impressive plant collections of his period at Montrouge, just outside Paris. Another plant lover was Empress Josephine (1763–1814). After her wedding with Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), she bought in 1799 the splendid estate of Malmaison west of Paris. There the Empress assembled a remarkable collection of exotic plants, largely cultivated in her orangery and the “Grande Serre Chaude”. She engaged Ventenat to describe her luxurious collection and the artist Pierre-Joseph Redoute (1761–1841), later known as the “Raphael des fleurs”, to depict the plants. This resulted in the famous flower book Jardin de la Malmaison, a masterpiece of botanical illustration. Ventenat, exhausted, passed away in 1808. His personal herbarium was bought in 1809 by Benjamin Delessert (1773–1847) whose herbarium was later donated to the City of Geneva in 1869. In his three flower books Ventenat treated a total of 343 plant names. A search in the herbaria of Geneva, Paris, Berlin and Madrid resulted in the finding of nearly all the original material relative to these names. A comprehensive list of names is provided here with comments on the origin of the plant material in the context of the explorations of this period, as well as information on typification and currently accepted names. In his three flower books Ventenat validated the names of 208 taxa (207 species and one variety) new to science : of these 67 are still accepted today as published while 52 are basionyms of names currently placed in another genera. Of these 208 names, lectotypification was not needed for 116 and the holotype has been found in G. For the remaining 92 names, 21 previous lectotypifications have been published but 5 of them needed a second-step lectotypification ; 70 new lectotypes have been selected and one neotype. Further comments on the typification of ten species are also provided.

Limonium avei is an annual species occurring in the salt‐marshes and in limited surfaces of rocky areas around the Mediterranean coasts. Seed lots from five populations of this species, along a latitudinal gradient, were analyzed using an image analysis system to detect differences in seed morphology among populations. Germination requirements at constant (5–25°C) and alternating temperatures (25/10°C), both in light and in darkness, were evaluated for all populations, as well as the effect of the calyx removal on final seed germination and its rate. Morpho‐colorimetric analysis clearly identified seeds from different populations, habitats and substrates without misattributions among them. The calyx slowed the germination process, influencing both final germination and rate with respect to naked seeds. Seeds from all populations germinated with significantly higher percentages in the light, with respect to those incubated in the darkness, and showed rapid germination (time in days to reach 50% of germination: 0.5 days) at the warmer tested temperature (25°C). High germination (>80%) was also detected for seeds of all the investigated populations, except for those from the Apulian region (South Italy, ca. 60%). Our results highlight that L. avei has a high variability in seed morphology, probably habitat induced, and a fast germination response for all populations. Rapid germination may be an adaptive strategy that allows L. avei seeds to take advantage of transient favorable conditions during the germination stage, to ensure seedling establishment under the unpredictable rainfall pattern in the Mediterranean climate.

Limonium calcarae (basionym Statice calcarae), a rare diploid species endemic to Sicily, is one of the few members of the genus that occurs in the inland areas of the island. According to IUCN criteria, it has been assessed as critically endangered but recent data on its distribution, demography and threats affecting its populations are lacking. A lectotype is designated, preserved at PAL, and isolectotypes have been traced and verified in other European herbaria.

The authors studied Statice names derived from the Tournefortianum “Limonium Lusitanicum, Auriculae Ursi folio”. The name S. auriculaeursifolia, basionym of the accepted Limonium auriculaeursifolium, is typified by a specimen in Lamarck's herbarium in Paris. The controversial name S. auriculifolia, often regarded as a synonym of L. auriculaeursifolium, corresponds instead to L. nydeggeri, employed for a narrowly endemic plant of Portugal, and has priority over that name. Statice auriculifolia is lectotypified by a specimen in Tournefort's herbarium. In addition, the related names S. lychnidifolia, S. willdenovii (both illegitimate and synonyms of L. auriculaeursifolium), and S. ovalifolium are discussed. Finally, the taxon to which the invalid name “L. ovalifolium subsp. gallicum” has been applied, has a legitimate name at the specific rank: L. gallicum Domina. This latter name, however, is a taxonomic synonym of L. ovalifolium.

The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204279T, which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the herb Limonium sinense collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CPCC 204279T contained galactose and arabinose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The phospholipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204279T should be placed in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to the genus Actinophytocola. Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain contained the Pseudonocardiaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the conclusion that strain CPCC 204279T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Herbihabitans rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain CPCC 204279T (=NBRC 111774T=DSM 101727T) is the type strain of the type species.

As part of the ongoing investigation on the group that includes Limonium binervosum (G. E. Sm.) C. E. Salmon in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, a new species (L. serpentinicum R. Pino, F. J. Silva-Pando & J. J. Pino) is described here. It is characterized by its small size, the occurrence of abundant epidermal glands along the stem, the acuminate outer bracts, and the very narrow internal bracts, and known for its tendency to grow on serpentine substrates.

Theodoridis, Spyros/0000-0001-5188-7033; Fernandez-Palacios, Jose Maria/0000-0001-9741-6878; Celep, Ferhat/0000-0003-3280-8373; Moura, Monica/0000-0001-5555-2388; Koutroumpa, Konstantina/0000-0001-9391-874X; Romeiras, Maria/0000-0002-9373-6302 WOS: 000454523500010 PubMed: 30619554 Plumbaginaceae is characterized by a history of multiple taxonomic rearrangements and lacks a broad molecular phylogenetic framework. Limonium is the most species-rich genus of the family with ca. 600 species and cosmopolitan distribution. Its center of diversity is the Mediterranean region, where ca. 70% of all Limonium species are endemic. In this study, we sample 201 Limonium species covering all described infrageneric entities and spanning its wide geographic range, along with 64 species of other Plumbaginaceae genera, representing 23 out of 29 genera of the family. Additionally, 20 species of the sister family Polygonaceae were used as outgroup. Sequences of three chloroplast (trnL-F, matK, and rbcL) and one nuclear (ITS) loci were used to infer the molecular phylogeny employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. According to our results, within Plumbaginoideae, Plumbago forms a non-monophyletic assemblage, with Plumbago europaea sister to Plumbagella, while the other Plumbago species form a clade sister to Dyerophytum. Within Limonioideae, Ikonnikovia is nested in Goniolimon, rejecting its former segregation as genus distinct from Goniolimon. Limonium is divided into two major clades: Limonium subg. Pteroclados s.l., including L. sect. Pteroclados and L. anthericoides, and L. subg. Limonium. The latter is divided into three well-supported subclades: the monospecific L. sect. Limoniodendron sister to a clade comprising a mostly non-Mediterranean subclade and a Mediterranean subclade. Our results set the foundation for taxonomic proposals on sections and subsections of Limonium, namely: (a) the newly described L. sect. Tenuiramosum, created to assign L. anthericoides at the sectional rank; (b) the more restricted circumscriptions of L. sect. Limonium (= L. sect. Limonium subsect. Genuinae) and L. sect. Sarcophyllum (for the Sudano-Zambezian/Saharo-Arabian clade); (c) the more expanded circumscription of L. sect. Nephrophyllum (including species of the L. bellidifolium complex); and (d) the new combinations for L. sect. Pruinosum and L. sect. Pteroclados subsect. Odontolepideae and subsect. Nobiles. European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)European Union (EU) [226,506, GB-TAF-5704]; Georges-und-Antoine-Claraz-Schenkung; University of Zurich (Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany); Seventh Framework ProgrammeEuropean Union (EU) [FP7, 2007, 2013]; University of Zurich European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 226,506, Grant/Award Number: SYNTHESYS project GB-TAF-5704; Georges-und-Antoine-Claraz-Schenkung; University of Zurich (Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany); Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/Award Number: FP7, 2007 and 2013; University of Zurich

We discuss two insects feeding on foliage of sea lavender (Plumbaginaceae: Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britt.) in Maine and Massachusetts, USA. Staticobium Mordvilko (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is documented in North America for the first time. A revision of the genus is needed before these aphids can be placed to species. We report the rearing of Gynnidomorpha romonana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and a parasitoid (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from larvae mining sea lavender leaves.

Описан новый вид из сем. Plumbaginaceae – Acantholimon zakirovii Beshko (секция Staticopsis Boiss.) с хребта Нуратау, расположенного в северо-западных отрогах Памиро-Алая (Узбекистан). Приводится морфологическое описание вида, обсуждаются его отличия от близких видов A. nuratavicum Zakirov, A. subavenaceum Lincz. и A. gontscharovii Czerniak., A new species Acantholimon zakirovii Beshko (section Staticopsis Boiss., Plumbaginaceae) from Nuratau mountain ridge (North-Western Pamir-Alay, Uzbekistan) is described. A morphological description is given. Differences from related species A. nuratavicum Zakirov, A. subavenaceum Lincz. and A. gontscharovii Czerniak. are discussed.

An account is given of the early reports of Limonium gmelini and the pre-Linnaean names attached to this extremely widespread plant. The uncertainties created by Carl Ludwig Willdenow when validating the name Statice gmelini are clarified and the earlier lectotypification of this name modified because the herbarium sheet cited has been found to represent more than one taxon. One of the elements is selected as the new lectotype and an epitype is designated. Sequences of one nuclear and three plastid markers have been submitted to GenBank. Citation: Malekmohammadi M., Lack H. W., Lomonosova M. & Akhani H. 2017: The discovery, naming and typification of Limonium gmelini (Plumbaginaceae). — Willdenowia 47: 99–106. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47201 Version of record first published online on 17 May 2017 ahead of inclusion in August 2017 issue.

Acantholimon is an important component of the subalpine steppe flora in the Irano-Turanian region and the second largest genus of Plumbaginaceae with c. 200 cushion-forming subshrubby species. Because the genus has been poorly represented in previous phylogenetic studies, questions regarding its monophyly, phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classification have not been addressed in a solid evolutionary framework. We used sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and the plastid trnY(GUA)–trnT(GGU) intergenic spacer for 197 accessions of Acantholimon and nine putatively closely related Asian genera in Limonioideae. Contrary to previous results, Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses show that Acantholimon is not monophyletic unless its limits are extended to include species currently placed in eight of these Asian genera. As circumscribed, the new Acantholimon s.l. is sister to Goniolimon and includes the following genera: Bamiania, Bukiniczia, Chaetolimon, Cephalorhizum, Dictyolimon, Gladiolimon, Popoviolimon and Vassilczenkoa. Our phylogenetic analyses also challenge the existing classification at the generic and infrageneric levels. A maximum likelihood reconstruction of ancestral states for morphological characters illustrates the possible scenarios by which the cushion architecture combined with linear acuminate leaves, also present in other steppic Irano-Turanian elements, were acquired in this group of Plumbaginaceae. Our study shows the importance of extensive taxon sampling for phylogenetic reconstruction of species-rich lineages. A

Adaptive responses to past climate change may play an important role in the persistence of high-mountain plants, which are vulnerable to global warming. Armeria caespitosa is a high-mountain plant, endemic to the Iberian Central Range. Differences in abiotic environment along the elevational gradient impose two opposing stress gradients (i.e. water stress and duration of the growth season) on the species. Furthermore, the species is found in two interspersed, contrasting microhabitats (rocky outcrops and dry cryophilic grasslands) that have different effects on plants depending of the elevation. As a result of this, the species shows great among-population variation in many reproductive and vegetative traits. We used a common garden approach to determine whether this phenotypic variation has a genetic basis or is the result of plastic responses shaped by heterogeneous environmental conditions. Plants from the high-elevation edge and dry cryophilic grasslands flowered earlier and produced more viable fruits but were smaller. These results confirm that among-population variation in flowering phenology and reproductive performance traits in A. caespitosa is partially genetically based. The results also show that the stronger selection response in favour of early-flowering individuals in populations at the low-elevation edge did not correspond with the greater proportion of early-flowering individuals. Genetic variability associated with flowering onset may be relevant in coping with the impacts of ongoing global warming. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 176, 384–395.

A new species of Limonium from Namaqualand coast, South Africa is here described and named L. dagmarae. Shared morphological characters with related South African species place the new species within L. sect. Circinaria. Evidence is presented to segregate the new species from relatives based on discrete morphological and environmental characters. The holotype of the L. dagmarae is preserved at NBG.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Mountain plants are among the species most vulnerable to global warming, because of their isolation, narrow geographic distribution, and limited geographic range shifts. Stochastic and selective processes can act on the genome, modulating genetic structure and diversity. Fragmentation and historical processes also have a great influence on current genetic patterns, but the spatial and temporal contexts of these processes are poorly known. We aimed to evaluate the microevolutionary processes that may have taken place in Mediterranean high-mountain plants in response to changing historical environmental conditions. METHODS Genetic structure, diversity, and loci under selection were analyzed using AFLP markers in 17 populations distributed over the whole geographic range of Armeria caespitosa, an endemic plant that inhabits isolated mountains (Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain). Differences in altitude, geographic location, and climate conditions were considered in the analyses, because they may play an important role in selective and stochastic processes. KEY RESULTS Bayesian clustering approaches identified nine genetic groups, although some discrepancies in assignment were found between alternative analyses. Spatially explicit analyses showed a weak relationship between genetic parameters and spatial or environmental distances. However, a large proportion of outlier loci were detected, and some outliers were related to environmental variables. CONCLUSIONS A. caespitosa populations exhibit spatial patterns of genetic structure that cannot be explained by the isolation-by-distance model. Shifts along the altitude gradient in response to Pleistocene climatic oscillations and environmentally mediated selective forces might explain the resulting structure and genetic diversity values found.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and endophytic bacterial strains, designated YC7033T and YC7034T, were isolated from the roots of halophytes (Suaeda maritime and Limonium tetragonum, respectively) inhabiting tidal flats of the Sacheon area, Korea. The phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains were closely related to Martelella endophytica YC6887T, Martelella mangrovi BM9-1T, Martelella radicis BM5-7T and Martelella mediterranea DSM 17316T at 97.6-99.1 % similarity. Sequence similarities with the type strains of another closely related genus, Rhizobium, were lower than 95.0 %. Both strains contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the major respiratory quinone system. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains YC7033T and YC7034T were 52.8 and 62.2 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids of both strain YC7033T and strain YC7034T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and biochemical and phenotypic characteristics, strains YC7033T and YC7034T represent two novel species of the genus Martelella, for which the names Martelella suaedae sp. nov. (type strain: YC7033T=KACC 17175T=NBRC 109440T) and Martelella limonii sp. nov. (type strain: YC7034T=KACC 17176T=NBRC 109441T) are proposed, respectively.

The morphology and functionality of salt glands in four Italian Armeria canescens populations were investigated. Microscopic analysis showed that salt glands consist of 16 cells arranged in four quadrants, including four subsidiary cells and 12 gland cells. The main secreted elements are K, Ca and Cl, although qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between gland and subsidiary cells. Soil characteristics like texture, pH and C/N ratio were shown to vary between population sites. The highest number of glands per leaf area was found in plants from Ca-rich sites. Although A. canescens is not a halophilous species, its salt glands were revealed to be active, suggesting that they could represent an ancestral character.

Goniolimon tataricum (L.) Boiss. is recognized as a new species for the Croatian flora. Besides G. dalmaticum Rchb. f., G. tataricum represents the second species of this genus in Croatia. To confirm the identity of G. tataricum as a new species, morphometric study and multivariate statistical analysis were performed on the data from four Croatian populations of G. dalmaticum and G. tataricum. Based on results of morphometric analysis, an identification key for these two species is provided. Data about distribution in the Balkan Peninsula, habitat and ecology of the newly-recorded species are also presented. Typification of G. dalmaticum was performed for the first time.

Limonium cedrorum Domina & Ramondo, a new species belonging to the L. palmare aggr., is described and illustrated from the inland near Becharre (Lebanon). Its relationships with morphologically close taxa are discussed. Limonium cedrorum differs from L. sieberi and L. postii mainly by looser inflorescences and larger flowers. It differs from L. galilaeum by longer outer bract and longer scale below the first inflorescence branch, few sterile branches, thicker base of the inflorescence and denser spikes, and from L. graecum by the shape of the infl orescence, longer basal internodes and the shape of the calyx.

Patterns of morphological, genetic and epigenetic variation (DNA methylation pattern) were investigated in metallicolous (M) and non-metallicolous (NM) populations of Armeria maritima. A morphological study was carried out using plants from six natural populations grown in a greenhouse. Morphological variation was assessed using seven traits. On the basis of this study, three representative populations were selected for molecular analyses using metAFLP to study sequence- and methylation-based DNA variation. Only one morphological trait (length of outer involucral bracts) was common to both metallicolous populations studied; however, the level of variation was sufficient to differentiate between M and NM populations. Molecular analyses showed the existence of naturally occurring epigenetic variation in A. maritima populations, as well as structuring into distinct between and within population components. We show that patterns of population genetic structure differed depending on the information used in the study. Analysis of sequence-based information data demonstrates the presence of three well-defined and genetically differentiated populations. Methylation-based data show that two major groups of individuals are present, corresponding to the division into M and NM populations. These results were confirmed using different analytical approaches, which suggest that the DNA methylation pattern is similar in both M populations. We hypothesise that epigenetic processes may be involved in microevolution leading to development of M populations in A. maritima.

Summary The genus Plumbago has a concentration of indigenous species in eastern tropical Africa and Madagascar: nine out of a total of between twelve and twenty-five species. In the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 5, published in 2006, only two indigenous species were accounted for: the widespread and common P. zeylanica and a new species, P. truncata, restricted to south-western Ethiopia. The name P. truncata was not formally validated. Since then more collections and field observations of Plumbago have been made in Ethiopia: after revision of the entire material it is concluded that P. truncata is conspecific with P. dawei, known from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Madagascar, and that another tropical East African species, P. montis-elgonis, known from Kenya and Tanzania, also occurs in south-western Ethiopia. In Ethiopia the two species are restricted to areas originally covered by moist forest: P. dawei to Transitional Rain Forest and Riverine Forest, while P. montis-elgonis to the lowermost zone of...

Poco se sabe de los efectos directos de los ciclos de glaciaciondeglaciacion del Cuaternario sobre las plantas de los refugios glaciales del S de Europa. En el presente estudio, centrado en Sierra Nevada (S de Espana), hemos empleado RAPD y datos morfometricos de 36 poblaciones de Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) de cinco taxones pertenecientes a tres especies endemicas de esa region: A. filicaulis subsp. nevadensis, A. filicaulis subsp. trevenqueana, A. filicaulis subsp. alfacarensis, A. splendens y A. villosa subsp. bernisii. Los resultados basados en el analisis genetico a nivel poblacional (AMOVA, diversidad genetica, distancia genetica) y los analisis geneticos y morfologicos a nivel individual (distancia fenetica genotipo haploide, PCO, morfometria) indican que: (1) la diversidad genetica se reduce con la altitud, probablemente como consecuencia de los procesos de colonizacion posgla ciales, salvo en zonas de contacto entre taxones; (2) el flujo genico entre poblaciones de distinta especie, probablemente facilitado por la contraccion de los cinturones de vegetacion, resulto en la formacion de taxones hibridos; (3) la distancia genetica entre poblaciones nos proporciona una base util para el estudio de escenarios con frecuente flujo interespecifico de genes, ya que permite distinguir casos eventuales

Four names in Statice, i.e. S. densiflora, S. densiflora var. humilis, S. densiflora var. obtusifolia, and S. secundiramea are typified by employing illustrations or herbarium specimens kept in NAP. Two of these names are basionyms for the accepted combinations Limonium densiflorum and L. secundirameum. The controversial name S. oleifolia, the neglected name S. scolopiana, and the misapplied name S. spathulata sensu Jan are also discussed. Finally, the authors highlight the automatic typification of the illegitimate name S. oxylepis.

A new species, Goniolimon africanum is described and illustrated from Algeria and Tunisia (North Africa). This study, based on investigations of herbarium specimens and data from literature, highlights the fact that this species was collected for the first time by Ernest Cosson and provisionally named ‘Goniolimon luteolus’ nom. nud., while it was later attributed to G. tataricum. A detailed morphological study, carried out on some related European species of Goniolimon, has emphasized that African populations are taxonomically well differentiated from European ones. Its distribution, ecology and relationships are also examined. A table comparing the new species with the closest allied European species of Goniolimon is provided.