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Durante su vida universitaria, el estudiante de arquitectura realiza diversos trabajos manuales que son imprescindibles en su formación académica, como la elaboración de maquetas, planos e informes que, en su mayoría, son posteriormente desechados sin considerar su valorización. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo el análisis de la gestión de los residuos sólidos generados en el Programa de estudio de Arquitectura de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Artes (FAUA) de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (UPAO), considerando los principios de las 5R y la cultura de reciclaje que los alumnos poseen. Para ello, primero se caracterizaron los residuos producidos según su tiempo de vida y toxicidad. Luego se aplicaron 218 encuestas a alumnos escogidos bajo muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple con el fin de conocer sus hábitos ecológicos y su predisposición para el reciclaje, logrando una estimación de la cantidad de materiales utilizados y desechados durante el ciclo académico; asimismo, se realizó una entrevista a la directiva para tener conocimiento de la gestión actual. Finalmente, se propuso un plan integral de residuos para la Facultad, que incluyó la implementación de un área de reciclaje dentro del pabellón, el cual permitirá organizar adecuadamente los residuos sólidos promoviendo una cultura ambiental en el estudiante, plana docente y administrativa; todo con el fin de llevar a la práctica el respeto por el medio ambiente, en pro de una mejora en la utilización de recursos y valorización de residuos, contribuyendo así a la huella ecológica.

The current research was carried out with the aim of diagnosing the situation of the urban trees in a section of Sancti Spíritus city. For this, an area of 25.39 ha was selected, where three plots were established, in which the inventory and classification of tree species in terms of taxonomy, origin, uses, type of location, state of development and phytosanitary was carried out, unrest problems were identified, and the volume of wood from those in the state of high trunk development was also estimated. In the studied section, 1 522 trees were counted, belonging to 59 species, 55 genera and 32 families, of which Fabaceae and Meliaceae were the best represented with 10 and 8 species respectively. Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Hibiscus elatus Sw. specified the largest number of individuals with more than 200 in each case. Timber species predominate (55.93%), of which 722 examples are in high trunk development state, with an estimated volume of wood of 711.280 m3 in general. 62.71% of the counted individuals are evergreen, and 49.16% correspond to autochthons species. Trees in groups predominate (63.4%); 85.28% have a good phytosanitary status while 61.76% need some type of silvicultural care. The main problems identified were location of trees in compact soils; damage to infrastructures caused by root systems and proximity to electrical and telephone wiring. Finally, some measures are proposed to contribute to the improvement of the identified problems.

In order to evaluate the effect of the bionutrient FitoMas-E on the seed germination and plant quality of Chrysophyllum cainito L. (caimito), two experiments were designed, completely at random, in a rustic nursery in the mountainous town of Topes de Collantes. In the experiment, related to the germination, five treatments were applied: immersion in water, mechanical scarification, scarification with sulfuric acid, immersion in solution of PhytoMas-E at 3 % and a control; while in the experiment related to the quality of plants four treatments were established consisting of foliar application of the bionutrient in solutions of different concentrations. In both cases three replicates were established. The variables evaluated were: accumulated and total germination up to 50 days, as well as the main attributes and morphological indexes of the plants at 150 days. The data obtained were subjected to simple ANOVA and comparison of means through Duncan's multiple range test (p≤0,05). The main results showed the effectiveness of PhytoMas-E in both processes, with an increase in the total germination of the seeds and advance in the beginning of it. In all treatments with the bionutrient, good quality representative values were observed in terms of attributes and morphological indexes, with statistically significant differences with respect to the control; the best results were obtained with the 2 % solution.

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