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Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:02:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000ĝ€-mmĝ€-yrĝ'1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000ĝ€-mmĝ€-yrĝ'1. Author(s) 2016. Remote Sensing Division National Institute for Space Research - INPE São José Dos Campos CIRAD UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane INRA UMR EEF 1137 INRA UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane Department of Biology University of Antwerp National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - CEMADEN São José Dos Campos School of Geography University of Leeds Institute of Botany University of Hohenheim Laboratory for Wood Biology and Xylarium Royal Museum for Central Africa Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências de Florestas Tropicais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Embrapa Florestas Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Geography University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing Wageningen University Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza Laboratóio de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal Universidade Federal Do Acre Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPE-CSIC) Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF) Santa Cruz de la Sierra Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura Laboratóio de Ecologia Isotópica Universidade de SÃo Paulo Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal Do Paraná Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Programa de Pós-Graduação Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal Do Acre Departamento de Ecologia Do Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo (USP) UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et DiversitéBiologique CNRS and UniversitéPaul Sabatier Biological Sciences Department University of Zambia Department of Biology University of Missouri-St. Louis Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal Do Paraná Centro de Ciêcias Biológicas e da Natureza Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal Universidade Federal Do Acre Prefeitura Municipal de Rio Branco Département Hommes Natures Sociétés Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) et UMR 208 Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance, Cedex 05 Dept. Forest and Wood Science University of Stellenbosch Meisterschule Ebern für das Schreinerhandwerk Floresta Estadual de Assis Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Engenharia Florestal - DEF Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste Departamento de Ciências Florestais Centro de Ciências Rurais Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Departamento de Botânica Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegeta Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box Coordenação de Pesquisa em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, C.P. 478 Departement of Land Resource Management Northern Territory Government Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Department of Biological Sciences Mount Holyoke College Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Department of Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences University of Göttingen Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC Tropical Peat Research Institute Biological Research Division Malaysian Palm Oil Board Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biologicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Division of Science and Environmental Policy California State University Monterey Bay Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Sergipe Programa Forestal Colegio de Postgraduados Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola Universidade Federal Do Paraná Laboratoria de Dendrochronologia y Anatomia de Maderas Espinoza Universidad Nacional de Loja Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Center for Forest Disturbance Science USDA Forest Service Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Institut Français de Pondicherry UMR AMAP (BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes) IRD Tree Ring and Environmental History Laboratory Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales - CONICET Department of Earth and Environment Southeast Environmental Research Center Florida International University Departamento de Biologia Aplicada FCAV Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP UR BandSEF (Biens et Services des Écosystèmes Forestiers Tropicaux) CIRAD School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh CarboForExpert HJ Andrews Experimental Forest Oregon State University Ibama PRONAT - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recurso Naturais Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Departamento de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Federal Do Amapá Embrapa Cocais Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF) Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno Department of Forest Vegetation Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais (NEPAM) Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Embrapa Roraima Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Crop Production Systems in the Tropics Georg-August-Universit Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Centro de Educação Superior Norte Universidade Federal de Santa Maria College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Departamento de Biologia Aplicada FCAV Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:59:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Since the Miocene profound climatic changes have influenced the biology and ecology of species worldwide, such as their connectivity, genetic population structure, and biogeography. The goal herein is to evaluate the phylogeography of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus between the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Our results evidenced a high genetic diversity and three distinct populations among the ocean basins with limited gene flow among them. In addition, the species is characterized by two deep evolutionary lineages that diverged during the Miocene/Pliocene transition, one of them is circumtropical while the other is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. These lineages evolved along the successive glacial-interglacial cycles from the Pleistocene and remained isolated from each other in glacial refugium until deglaciation. Assessments of sailfish suggest it may be subject to overfishing and the results herein imply the need to re-evaluate the current stock delimitations and management measures adopted by the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, especially in the Atlantic and the Indo-Western Pacific oceans to effectively manage the species. In addition, this work highlights that both lineages should at least be treated as two distinct management units in the Atlantic Ocean until their taxonomic status is fully resolved, given their high genetic divergence. Conservation Genetics Laboratory Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), 8, Cesário Mota St. Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC) Instituto do Mar (IMar) Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, 144, Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça St. Laboratório de Ciências da Pesca (LABPESCA) Instituto do Mar (IMar) Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, 144, Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça St. Laboratório de Oceanografia Pesqueira Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela Universidad de Oriente (UDO) School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) Laboratório de Genética de Peixes (LAGENPE) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Centro de Pesquisa do Pescado Marinho Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAA/SP Acervo Zoológico Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Oswaldo Cruz St. 266 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. 5 de Outubro s/n° Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR) Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Centre de Recherches Océanographiques de Dakar‐Thiaroye (CRODT) Institut Sénégalais de Recherches agricoles (ISRA) Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO) Centre Technique de Recherche et de Valorisation des Milieux Aquatiques (CAP RUN – CITEB), Magasin 10, Port Ouest Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP) Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Laboratório de Genética de Peixes (LAGENPE) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP) Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP)

An Amazonian savanna in northern Brazil known as the Cerrado of Amapá is under imminent threat from poor land-use planning, the expansion of large-scale agriculture and other anthropogenic pressures. These savannas house a rich and unique flora and fauna, including endemic plants and animals. However, the area remains under-sampled for most taxa, and better sampling may uncover new species. We estimate that only ~9.16% of these habitats have any kind of protection, and legislative changes threaten to further weaken or remove this protection. Here we present the status of knowledge concerning the biodiversity of the Cerrado of Amapá, its conservation status, and the main threats to the conservation of this Amazonian savanna. To secure the future of these unique and imperilled habitats, we suggest urgent expansion of protected areas, as well as measures that would promote less-damaging land uses to support the local population. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T23:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2017Biodiversitythreatsandconservation.pdf: 2128567 bytes, checksum: 5cb4b5c05db3b0c07fc15084b072beb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-26

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:14:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are cleaned and followed by reef fishes at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off northeast Brazil. During foraging, turtles are cleaned by damselfishes (Abudefduf saxatilis and Stegastes rocasensis), and followed by juvenile wrasses (Thalassoma noronhanum and Halichoeres radiatus). © 2006 Chelonian Research Foundation. Projeto Tamar/IBAMA, Alameda Boldró s/no, Pernambuco Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP Departamento de Zoologia e Museu de História Natural Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP

The brown-nosed coati (Nasua nasua) is a carnivorous species found in all the Brazilian biomes, some of which are endangered areas. The aim of this work was to determine the habitat use and selection, home range and core area of N. nasua in the Cerrado biome, central region of Tocantins, Brazil. The study was carried out in an area of approximately 20 000ha from May 2000 to July 2002. A total of seven box traps were placed in the area for 13 months, three of 11 captured animals were followed and monitored by radio-tracking during 13 months. The monitoring was conducted once a day, three times a week using a car and walking through the study area (radio-tracking and visual contact). The results demonstrate that these three males used more frequently the gallery forest formation, followed by cerrado and wetlands. The use of gallery forest by these animals indicated an habitat selection (Proportion test, z=12.98, p< 0.01). Besides, adult males used the gallery forest more frequently (Fisher’s exact test, pEl coatí Nasua nasua es una especie de prociónido que se distribuye en todos los biomas brasileños, algunos de los cuales son zonas amenazadas. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre el uso de hábitat, área de acción y centro de esta especie. En el bioma Cerrado de la región central de Tocantins, Brasil se determinó el uso y selección de hábitat, área de acción y centro de N. nasua. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un área de aproximadamente 20 000 has de mayo 2000 a Julio 2002. Durante 13 meses se colocaron en la zona siete trampas, tres de 11 animales capturados fueron seguidos y controlados por radio-seguimiento por un periodo de 13 meses. El monitoreo se llevó a cabo una vez al día, tres veces por semana, caminando por el área de estudio o en carro (radio-seguimiento y contacto visual). Los resultados del estudio demostraron que los tres individuos ocuparon más frecuentemente las formaciones de bosque de galería, seguido por cerrado y bosque húmedo. Las áreas de acción variaron entre 2.20 y 7.55km² para el polígono mínimo convexo (PMC), y de 4.38 a 13.32 para la media harmónica MH 95%. El área centro (MH 75%) fue equivalente a 21.29% del área de acción calculada para la media harmónica MH 95%. Este estudio provee información útil para los esfuerzos de conservación de la especie en el Cerrado brasileño, ya que proporciona nueva información sobre el tamaño del área centro y la frecuencia de uso de hábitat de dos machos adultos y un jóven de N. nasua.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental de Sistemas Agroflorestais Regenerativos e Análogos (Safra), utilizando-se como indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental o aporte de biomassa e nutrientes via serrapilheira de espécies arbóreas plantadas. Este trabalho faz parte das ações do PRODETAB - projeto 039 e foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Goura Vrindávna, Paraty, RJ. Foram plantadas 28 espécies arbóreas de múltiplos usos em três tratamentos agroflorestais, Safra Mínimo (sistema simplificado de enriquecimento de bananal), Safra Absoluto (sistema adensado e diversificado) e Safra Modificado (mesma composição do anterior e com adubação do solo). Para a avaliação do aporte de nutrientes via serrapilheira; foram coletadas amostras nos três tratamentos Safras e em dois tratamentos testemunhas (Bananal e Capoeira) por meio de coletores de 625 cm2, 15 meses após o plantio. Nas amostras, foram feitas as determinações dos teores e conteúdos de micro e macronutrientes. O Safra Mínimo foi o sistema que depositou maior peso de serrapilheira (32,4 Mg ha-1) e aportou maiores conteúdos de micro e macronutrientes. Com exceção do C e H, o N foi o que apresentou os maiores conteúdos nos cinco tratamentos, e em relação aos micronutrientes, o Fe foi o elemento de maior aporte. A poda da vegetação nos Safras favoreceu a ciclagem de nutrientes e contribuiu para elevação dos conteúdos destes na serrapilheira. Os Safras, sob o aspecto do aporte de nutrientes via serrapilheira, foram os sistemas mais promissores na recomposição dessas funções ecológicas, quando comparados à Capoeira e monocultura de banana. ABSTRACT The aim of this project was to evaluate the Regenerative and Analogous Agroforestry Systems (SAFRA) on environmental sustainability, using as indicators the biomass increase or accumulation and nutrients deposition through litter arboreal species. This work is part of PRODETAB/EMBRAPA - 39th Project - and was developed in Goura Vrindávna Farm, Paraty - RJ. 28 multipurpose arboreal species were cultivated in three agroforestry treatments, Minimum SAFRA (simplified system of the banana culture enrichment), Absolute SAFRA (dense and diversified system) and Modified SAFRA (the same composition of the latter SAFRA plus soil fertilization). For evaluating nutrients deposition through litter fifteen months after planting, samples of three Safra and two control treatments, banana culture and area in fallow, were collected with 625cm2 collectors. Macro and micronutrients determinations were done in the samples. The Minimum SAFRA was the system that deposited the greatest weight in litter (32.4 t.ha-1) and the greatest content of micro and macronutrients. Excepting C and H, N was the one which presented greatest content in the five treatments, and Fe was the micronutrients of major deposition. The vegetation pruning in the SAFRA benefited the nutrients cycling and contributed to its content elevation in litter. Considering the nutrients deposition through litter, the SAFRAs were the most promissory systems in the re-establishing of these ecological functions, when compared to area in fallow and banana monoculture.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982003000800004.pdf: 127696 bytes, checksum: 2ee1a3855761c3867f7ce336a80cb9ed (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982003000800004.pdf: 127696 bytes, checksum: 2ee1a3855761c3867f7ce336a80cb9ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982003000800004.pdf: 127696 bytes, checksum: 2ee1a3855761c3867f7ce336a80cb9ed (MD5) S1516-35982003000800004.pdf.txt: 38075 bytes, checksum: b0185f19de74c0fbf12c5559a9919446 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982003000800004.pdf: 127696 bytes, checksum: 2ee1a3855761c3867f7ce336a80cb9ed (MD5) S1516-35982003000800004.pdf.txt: 38075 bytes, checksum: b0185f19de74c0fbf12c5559a9919446 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982003000800004.pdf: 127696 bytes, checksum: 2ee1a3855761c3867f7ce336a80cb9ed (MD5) S1516-35982003000800004.pdf.txt: 38075 bytes, checksum: b0185f19de74c0fbf12c5559a9919446 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-01 O matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, espécie nativa oriunda da Bacia Amazônica, apresenta características adequadas para a piscicultura. Entretanto, trata-se de peixe reofílico, sendo necessário manejo adequado para induzir à reprodução. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil da triiodotironina (T3) plasmática no matrinxã, durante 16 meses (outubro/97 a janeiro/99), relacionando-o com a maturação sexual, além de testar a ação do T3 associado ao extrato pituitário de carpa na reprodução induzida da espécie. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Peixes Tropicais - CEPTA, Pirassununga, SP, e no Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal - UNESP. Foram amostrados, mensalmente, 8 a 12 peixes, de ambos os sexos, totalizando 173 animais, de onde retirou-se sangue para dosagem do T3 plasmático. As gônadas foram removidas para análise histológica com identificação do sexo e determinação do estádio de maturação. Analisaram-se testículos e ovários de 161 peixes em corte transversal, tendo predominado machos (63,35%) e o estádio sexual imaturo entre ambos. A concentração plasmática de T3 foi maior de dezembro a janeiro, para machos e fêmeas, coincidindo com o período de maior atividade reprodutiva da espécie e maiores temperaturas da água. em janeiro/99, reprodutores de matrinxã foram induzidos com extrato de pituitária de carpa (EPC) associado à administração de T3 (20 mg/kg em 0,1 mL de suspensão oleosa). Os resultados sugeriram que o T3 atuou sinergicamente à gonadotropina do extrato hipofisário e que o tratamento agudo de triiodotironina com o EPC pode estimular o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário. O tempo de eclosão das larvas provenientes das fêmeas tratadas com o T3 foi menor e o crescimento inicial e a sobrevivência dessas larvas, maiores. The matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, native specie from the Amazonian Basin, shows good characteristics for farming. It is a migrating fish, being necessary an appropriate handling to induce its spawning. The objective of this work was to characterize the profile of plasma triiodotironina (T3) in matrinxã, during 16 months (October/97 to January/99), associated to the sexual maturation, besides testing T3 action associated to the carp pituitary extract in the induced reproduction. The experiment was carried out at the National Center of Research of Tropical Fish, CEPTA, Pirassununga, SP, and at the Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, of the University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. A total of 173 one and half year old matrinxã were sampled. Monthly, from eight to twelve fish, of both sexes, were bled for plasma T3 determination. The gonads were collected for histological identification of the sex and maturation stage. Testes and ovaries of 161 fish were observed, prevailing males (63.35%) and immature sexual stage. The concentration of plasma T3 was higher from December to January, both in males and in females, coinciding with the period of higher reproductive activity of the species and higher temperatures of the water. on January/99, breeders were induced with extract of carp pituitary (ECP), associated to the administration of T3 (20mg kg-1 in 0.1 ml oil solution). Results suggest that T3 played a synergistic role to the gonadotropin of the ECP, and a short-term treatment of ECP associated to triiodothyronine can stimulate the hipothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis. The hatching time of the larvae from females treated with T3 was lower than the control ones. The initial growth and percent survival that larvae were better. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Departamento de Pesca UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Peixes Tropicais- CEPTA/IBAMA UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:47:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84868596127.pdf: 2023218 bytes, checksum: d102fde45c017d65438196f99ee5b9f8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 Background: Illegal hunting is one of the major threats to vertebrate populations in tropical regions. This unsustainable practice has serious consequences not only for the target populations, but also for the dynamics and structure of tropical ecosystems. Generally, in cases of suspected illegal hunting, the only evidence available is pieces of meat, skin or bone. In these cases, species identification can only be reliably determined using molecular technologies. Here, we reported an investigative study of three cases of suspected wildlife poaching in which molecular biology techniques were employed to identify the hunted species from remains of meat.Findings: By applying cytochrome b (cyt-b) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular markers, the suspected illegal poaching was confirmed by the identification of three wild species, capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) and Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). In Brazil, hunting is a criminal offense, and based on this evidence, the defendants were found guilty and punished with fines; they may still be sentenced to prison for a period of 6 to 12 months.Conclusions: The genetic analysis used in this investigative study was suitable to diagnose the species killed and solve these criminal investigations. Molecular forensic techniques can therefore provide an important tool that enables local law enforcement agencies to apprehend illegal poachers. © 2012 Sanches et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Departamento de Ecologia UNESP, CP 199, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), CEP 78640-000, Canarana, MT Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), CEP 79002-380, Campo Grande, MS Departamento de Ecologia UNESP, CP 199, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP