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5. Earth Stewardship Linking Ecology and Ethics in Theory and Practice /

Author

Rozzi, Ricardo, Armesto, Juan J., Callicott, J. Baird, Chapin III, F. Stuart, May Jr., Roy H., Pickett, S.T.A., Power, Mary E., SpringerLink (Online service), Unknown, Rozzi, Ricardo, Armesto, Juan J., Callicott, J. Baird, Chapin III, F. Stuart, May Jr., Roy H., Pickett, S.T.A., Power, Mary E., and SpringerLink (Online service)

Subjects
Ecology, Ethics, Life sciences, Life Sciences, general
Published
2015

7. Biocultural Calendars Across Four Ethnolinguistic Communities in Southwestern South America.

Author

Rozzi, Ricardo, Álvarez, Ricardo, Castro, Victoria, Núñez, David, Ojeda, Jaime, Tauro, Alejandra, and Massardo, Francisca

Subjects
HUMAN life cycle, SCIENTIFIC knowledge, LIFE cycles (Biology), BIOLOGICAL extinction, CLIMATE change, ECOSYSTEMS, COMMUNITIES
Abstract

Since the mid‐20th century, the so‐called Great Acceleration (sensu Steffen et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2) has amplified processes of ecosystem degradation, extinction of biological species, displacement of local peoples, losses of languages, and cultural diversity. These losses are still underperceived by the academic community, and by a global society that is disconnected from biocultural diversity. To reconnect society with biocultural diversity, we integrate temporal and spatial dimensions of seasonal cycles, by combining two conceptual frameworks: ecological calendars and the "3Hs" model of the biocultural ethic (sensu Rozzi, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics20123414). The latter values the vital links between human and other‐than‐human co‐inhabitants, their life habits (e.g., cultural practices of humans or life cycles of other‐than‐human species), and the structure and processes of their shared habitats. This integration enhances an understanding of links between cultural practices and the life cycles of biocultural keystone species. As a synthesis, we use the term biocultural calendars to emphasize their co‐constitutive nature that result from interactions between dynamic biophysical and cultural processes embedded in specific ecosystems and cultures. These calendars link astronomical, biological, and cultural seasonal cycles that sustain life and enhance the integration of Indigenous and scientific knowledge to confront challenges of climate change faced from local to global scales. To illustrate this integration, we examine cultural practices and socio‐environmental changes across four contrasting ethnolinguistic communities in southwestern South America, from southern to northern Chile along a marked climatic gradient to show the broad application of the concept of biocultural calendars. Plain Language Summary: We combine ecological calendars and the biocultural ethic. The first refers to natural or seasonal calendars and focuses on the temporal scale of life cycles and other ecological phenomena observed at a given place. The second emphasizes the vital links among human and non‐human co‐inhabitants, their habits (e.g., cultural practices of humans or life cycles of other‐than‐human species) in shared habitats (the "3Hs" of the biocultural ethic). Close observation of biological and cultural diversity, and their interrelationships (in short, biocultural diversity), synchronizes cultural practices with natural processes at specific places. This synchrony is particularly relevant in the context of climate change because by being locally attuned, communities enhance their capacity to adapt their activities to the variability of temperature, rainfall, and other climatic events. In this article we use the term biocultural calendars to more closely understand the links between different life habits in contrasting habitats and annual seasons. In this way, biocultural calendars provide an understanding of biological and cultural heterogeneity in different seasons and regions of the world that can help us adapt to a rapidly changing world. Key Points: Biocultural calendars are co‐constitutively generated through interactions between dynamic biophysical and cultural processesThe biocultural ethic's 3Hs model values the vital links among human and other‐than‐human co‐inhabitants, their habits, and shared habitatsBiocultural calendars are based on seasonal cycles of keystone species that are part of communities of co‐inhabitants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Homogeneización biocultural: Exotización del paisaje femenino latinoamericano

Author

Paredes Castellanos, Angelina and Rozzi, Ricardo

Subjects
Exotismo, Latin America, Ecology, América Latina, Exoticism, Geografía Femenina, Ecología, Feminine geography
Abstract

Resumen: El lenguaje colonial “del ojo imperial” sobre América Latina se resume en un mito exótico sobre el paisaje, que hoy se conjuga con la globalización Occidental en su encrucijada ecológica. América Latina es un signo hermenêutico clave de análisis, debido a que expone la raíz ideológica estética que acompaña a la uniformización del paisaje con una sola semántica objetiva basada en una ideología exotista. El lado estético que resalta en la pregunta por la naturaleza de la “América exótica” revela la importancia de valorar una hermenéutica alternativa, ecológica, estética y post-exótica para re-pensar la Tierra Nueva o el Nuevo Mundo, América. Ancestralmente y, hasta hoy llamada, Pachamama en los Andes del sur. Abstract: The colonial language “of the Imperial Eye” on Latin America is summarized in an “Exotic Myth about the landscape”, which today is combined with the occidental globalization at its ecological crossroads. Latin America is a key hermeneutic sign of analysis, because exposes the aesthetic ideological root that accompanies this uniformity of the landscape with a single objective semantics based on an exotist ideology. The aesthetic side that stands out in the question of the nature of “exotic America” reveals the importance of valuing an alternative, ecological, aesthetic and post-modern-exotic hermeneutic to re-think the new Earth or the New World, America. Ancestrally and until today called Pachamama in the southern Andes.

Published
2018

9. Sumergidos con lupa en los ríos del cabo de hornos: Valoración ética de los ecosistemas dulceacuícolas y sus co-habitantes

Author

Contador, Tamara, Rozzi, Ricardo, Kennedy, James, Massardo, Francisca, Ojeda, Jaime, Caballero, Paula, Medina, Yanet, Molina, Rodrigo, Saldivia, Fernando, Berchez, Flavio, Stambuk, Andres, Morales, Veronica, Moses, Kelli, Gañan, Melisa, Arriagada, Gonzalo, Rendoll, Javier, Olivares, Francisco, and Lazzarino, Silvia

Subjects
insectos, ecología, climate change, ética biocultural, biocultural ethics, Chile, insects, ecology, cambio climático
Abstract

Resumen: La Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos (RBCH) es la más grande de Chile e integra ecosistemas marinos y terrestres, e incluye tres parques nacionales (PN): PN Cabo de Hornos, PN Alberto de Agostini y PN Yendegaia. Se encuentra inmersa dentro de la ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes, que ha sido identificada como una de últimas áreas prístinas del planeta. Sin embargo, no se encuentra libre de amenazas locales y globales, tales como las especies exóticas invasoras, el cambio climático, el turismo masivo y otras actividades económicas que no valoran su diversidad biológica y cultural. Para contribuir a la valoración de la diversidad biocultural, el Parque Omora (isla Navarino, 55°S), ha desarrollado la Filosofía Ambiental de Campo (FILAC), una aproximación metodológica que integra las ciencias ecológicas, las artes y la ética ambiental a través de cuatro pasos interrelacionados: 1) investigación interdisciplinaria, 2) comunicación poética a través de la composición de metáforas y relatos simples, 3) diseño de actividades de campo guiadas con un sentido ético y ecológico y 4) conservación in situ; para contribuir a la conservación biocultural. Presentamos los métodos y resultados de un trabajo multidisciplinario enfocado en los invertebrados y ecosistemas dulceacuícolas de la RBCH, con el fin de: a) contribuir a entender mejor las posibles respuestas al cambio climático por parte de insectos acuáticos en el largo plazo, y b) generar herramientas de investigación y educación que contribuyan a valorar ecológica y éticamente a los invertebrados acuáticos. Las bases conceptuales se fundan en la ética de la tierra de Aldo Leopold y en la ética biocultural de Ricardo Rozzi. A través de la práctica de la FILAC proponemos actividades concretas para la conservación del patrimonio natural y cultural. La valoración ética de los insectos puede contribuir a generar percepciones positivas e incentivar acciones de conservación por parte de la comunidad local, regional, nacional e internacional. Finalmente, exploramos nuevas metodologías de investigación y observación que contemplan el respeto y valoración de la vida de los invertebrados. La FILAC aporta así una metodología que contribuye a transformar la forma prevaleciente en que la sociedad global comprende, valora y se relaciona con los ecosistemas dulceacuícolas y sus co-habitantes y fomenta hábitos de vida más respetuosos y sustentables en el corto y largo plazo. Abstract: The Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR), is the largest one in Chile, and the only one that integrates marine and terrestrial ecosystems. It includes three national parks (NP): Cape Horn NP, Alberto de Agostini NP, and Yendegaia NP. The CHBR, is immersed within the Magellanic sub-Antarctic ecoregion, which has been identified as one of the last pristine areas left in the world. Nonetheless, it is not free from local and global threats, such as invasive exotic species, climate change, massive tourism and other economic activities that do not value biological and cultural diversity. To contribute towards an appreciation of the values of biocultural diversity, the scientific team at Omora Park (Navarino Island, 55°S), has developed the Field Environmental Philosophy (FEP) methodological approach, which integrates ecological sciences, arts, and environmental ethics through four interrelated steps: 1) interdisciplinary research, 2) poetic communication through the composition of metaphors, 3) design of field activities with an ethical and ecological orientation, and 4) in situ conservation, to contribute to biocultural conservation. We present the methods and results of a multidisciplinary work focused on invertebrates and freshwater ecosystems of the CHBR, with the aim to contribute: a) to a better understanding of the possible responses of aquatic insects to climate change in the long-term, and b) generate tools for research and education to ecologically and ethically value freshwater invertebrates and ecosystems. The conceptual foundations are based on the Land Ethics of Aldo Leopold, and the biocultural ethics of Ricardo Rozzi. Through the praxis of the FEP we generate concrete actions for the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage. Finally, we propose new research methodologies that include valuing of the invertebrates’ lives. FEP provides a methodology that contributes towards the transformation of the prevalent way in which global society understands, values and relates to freshwater ecosystems and their co-inhabitants, fostering more respectful and sustainable life habits in the short and long term.

Published
2018

10. Potential niche expansion of the American mink invading a remote island free of native-predatory mammals.

Author

Crego, Ramiro D., Jiménez, Jaime E., and Rozzi, Ricardo

Subjects
AMERICAN mink, ECOLOGICAL niche, PREDATORY animals, INTRODUCED species, MAMMAL populations, HABITATS
Abstract

The success of an invasive species depends in part on its niche and the new niche opportunities that such species may find in the invaded habitat. Niche opportunities can be understood as the potential provided by a community to an invasive species to expand its niche by changes in habitat use, behavior, or diet, that favors population growth, reflected in the species occupying more habitat. This may occur under a favorable combination of access to resources that can be further favored by a lack of competitors and a release from natural enemies. The American mink (Neovison vison) is a crepuscular/nocturnal and semi-aquatic mustelid native to North America that generally concentrates activities at <100 m from the water. It has recently established an invasive population on Navarino Island in southern Chile. Here, the mink is now the top terrestrial predator free of predators or competitors. We hypothesized that this lack of potential predators and competitors, together with a more diurnal and terrestrial prey, have resulted in the mink expanding its spatial and temporal niche on Navarino Island as compared to that in its native habitats, expressed in occupancy of sites away from water and diurnal activity. We evaluated this by using 93 randomly-chosen camera-trap stations, occupancy models and mink daily activity patterns. Models showed a dynamic occupancy with the area occupied by mink being highest during summers and lowest in spring with seasonal changes in occupancy related to distance to water sources. Mink occupied and were active at sites up to 880 m from water sources during summers. Occupancy decreased at shorter distances from water during spring, but mink were still active at up to 300 m from water. Mink were active daylong during summers, and nocturnal and crepuscular during winter and spring. These results show that compared to the native and other invaded habitats, on Navarino Island mink use more terrestrial habitats and are more diurnal during summers, suggesting a niche expansion under new niche opportunities that may enhance the negative impacts of this predator on a myriad of small native vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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11. Bryophyte-Cyanobacteria Associations during Primary Succession in Recently Deglaciated Areas of Tierra del Fuego (Chile).

Author

Arróniz-Crespo, María, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, De los Ríos, Asunción, Green, T. G. Allan, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Casermeiro, Miguel Ángel, de la Cruz, María Teresa, Pintado, Ana, Palacios, David, Rozzi, Ricardo, Tysklind, Niklas, and Sancho, Leopoldo G.

Subjects
BRYOPHYTES, CYANOBACTERIA, SOIL formation, NITROGEN fixation, ECOSYSTEMS, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Bryophyte establishment represents a positive feedback process that enhances soil development in newly exposed terrain. Further, biological nitrogen (N) fixation by cyanobacteria in association with mosses can be an important supply of N to terrestrial ecosystems, however the role of these associations during post-glacial primary succession is not yet fully understood. Here, we analyzed chronosequences in front of two receding glaciers with contrasting climatic conditions (wetter vs drier) at Cordillera Darwin (Tierra del Fuego) and found that most mosses had the capacity to support an epiphytic flora of cyanobacteria and exhibited high rates of N2 fixation. Pioneer moss-cyanobacteria associations showed the highest N2 fixation rates (4.60 and 4.96 µg N g−1 bryo. d−1) very early after glacier retreat (4 and 7 years) which may help accelerate soil development under wetter conditions. In drier climate, N2 fixation on bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations was also high (0.94 and 1.42 µg N g−1 bryo. d−1) but peaked at intermediate-aged sites (26 and 66 years). N2 fixation capacity on bryophytes was primarily driven by epiphytic cyanobacteria abundance rather than community composition. Most liverworts showed low colonization and N2 fixation rates, and mosses did not exhibit consistent differences across life forms and habitat (saxicolous vs terricolous). We also found a clear relationship between cyanobacteria genera and the stages of ecological succession, but no relationship was found with host species identity. Glacier forelands in Tierra del Fuego show fast rates of soil transformation which imply large quantities of N inputs. Our results highlight the potential contribution of bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations to N accumulation during post-glacial primary succession and further describe the factors that drive N2-fixation rates in post-glacial areas with very low N deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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12. Abundance and habitat preferences of the southernmost population of mink: implications for managing a recent island invasion.

Author

Schüttler, Elke, Ibarra, José Tomés, Gruber, Bernd, Rozzi, Ricardo, and Jax, Kurt

Subjects
HABITATS, MINKS, AMERICAN beaver, ISLAND biological invasions, CARNIVORA, ECOLOGY, POPULATION biology, CONSERVATION biology, PREDATORY animals, ANIMAL behavior
Abstract

Since 2001 invasive American mink has been known to populate Navarino Island, an island located in the pristine wilderness of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, Chile, lacking native carnivorous mammals. As requested by scientists and managers, our study aims at understanding the population ecology of mink in order to respond to conservation concerns. We studied the abundance of mink in different semi-aquatic habitats using live trapping (n = 1,320 trap nights) and sign surveys (n = 68 sites). With generalized linear models we evaluated mink abundance in relation to small-scale habitat features including habitats engineered by invasive beavers (Castor canadensis). Mink have colonized the entire island and signs were found in 79% of the surveys in all types of semiaquatic habitats. Yet, relative population abundance (0.75 mink/km of coastline) was still below densities measured in other invaded or native areas. The habitat model accuracies indicated that mink were generally less specific in habitat use, probably due to the missing limitations normally imposed by predators or competitors. The selected models predicted that mink prefer to use shrubland instead of open habitat, coastal areas with heterogeneous shores instead of flat beaches, and interestingly, that mink avoid habitats strongly modified by beavers. Our results indicate need for immediate mink control on Navarino Island. For this future management we suggest that rocky coastal shores should be considered as priority sites deserving special conservation efforts. Further research is needed with respect to the immigration of mink from adjacent islands and to examine facilitating or hampering relationships between the different invasive species present, especially if integrative management is sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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13. Haematozoa in forest birds from southern Chile: Latitudinal gradients in prevalence and parasite lineage richness.

Author

Merino, Santiago, Moreno, Juan., Vásquez, Rodrigo A., Martínez, Javier, Sánchez-Monsálvez, Inocencia, Estades, Cristián F., Ippi, Silvina, Sabat, Pablo, Rozzi, Ricardo, and McGehee, Steven

Subjects
BIRDS, FOREST birds, SPECIES diversity, BLOOD parasites, PARASITIC diseases, PARASITES, LEUCOCYTOZOON, ECOLOGY
Abstract

The existence of latitudinal gradients in species richness and their abundance is known for many free living organisms but few cases have been reported for parasitic diseases. In addition, asymmetries between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in several characteristics may affect the distribution and diversity of species at all ecological levels. In this respect, we study the distribution of several genera of blood parasites infecting birds along a latitudinal gradient that includes the world's southernmost forests ecosystems. Birds were mist-netted and sampled for blood in localities across Chile ranging from 33°S to 55°S during the years 2003–06. Overall, 26 bird species were sampled and 27 parasite lineages were identified. The latter belonged to three genera: Plasmodium (8), Haemoproteus (8) and Leucocytozoon (11). We found a positive significant relationship between prevalence and latitude for Leucocytozoon lineages and a negative relationship for Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and mixed infections. However, we did not find a significant relationship between parasite diversity and latitude. We found 18 lineages infecting only one species of host, and 19 lineages appear in only one of the localities of sampling. This pattern implies that some parasite lineages may evolve in isolation in some species/localities. In addition, specificity at the host-family level was only found for Haemoproteus lineages infecting birds in the family Emberizidae. Individuals of the long distance migrant bird white-crested elaenia ( Elaenia albiceps), were found infected by the same parasite lineages in localities separated by 20° of latitude. Infections by these lineages were detected in other sedentary birds including juveniles and nestlings of different bird species. Therefore, long distance migrants are able to distort the presence of latitudinal gradients of diseases due to the potential role of migrants in spreading infections. Geographical gradients in prevalence of avian haematozoa differ between parasite genera and hemispheres, probably in relation to the existence of appropriate vector–parasite–host interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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14. Nature, Venustas, and Harmony

Author

Cuozzo, Gianluca, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, Callicott, J. Baird, Editorial Board Member, Chapin III, Stuart, Editorial Board Member, Hargrove, Eugene, Editorial Board Member, Jax, Kurt, Editorial Board Member, Klaver, Irene J., Editorial Board Member, Massardo, Francisca, Editorial Board Member, May Jr., Roy H., Editorial Board Member, Palmer, Clare, Editorial Board Member, Pickett, Steward T. A., Editorial Board Member, Simberloff, Daniel, Editorial Board Member, and Valera, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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15. Hossein Nasr on the Environmental Crisis

Author

Loureiro, João Almeida, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, Callicott, J. Baird, Editorial Board Member, Chapin III, Stuart, Editorial Board Member, Hargrove, Eugene, Editorial Board Member, Jax, Kurt, Editorial Board Member, Klaver, Irene J., Editorial Board Member, Massardo, Francisca, Editorial Board Member, May Jr., Roy H., Editorial Board Member, Palmer, Clare, Editorial Board Member, Pickett, Steward T. A., Editorial Board Member, Simberloff, Daniel, Editorial Board Member, and Valera, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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16. On the Compatibility Between Panentheism and Fragmentation: An Experimental Ecofeminist Loosening of the 'in' in Allingottlehre

Author

Norrington Jackson, Casey, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, Callicott, J. Baird, Editorial Board Member, Chapin III, Stuart, Editorial Board Member, Hargrove, Eugene, Editorial Board Member, Jax, Kurt, Editorial Board Member, Klaver, Irene J., Editorial Board Member, Massardo, Francisca, Editorial Board Member, May Jr., Roy H., Editorial Board Member, Palmer, Clare, Editorial Board Member, Pickett, Steward T. A., Editorial Board Member, Simberloff, Daniel, Editorial Board Member, and Valera, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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17. Panentheism in Christian Ecotheology

Author

Kerber, Guillermo, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, Callicott, J. Baird, Editorial Board Member, Chapin III, Stuart, Editorial Board Member, Hargrove, Eugene, Editorial Board Member, Jax, Kurt, Editorial Board Member, Klaver, Irene J., Editorial Board Member, Massardo, Francisca, Editorial Board Member, May Jr., Roy H., Editorial Board Member, Palmer, Clare, Editorial Board Member, Pickett, Steward T. A., Editorial Board Member, Simberloff, Daniel, Editorial Board Member, and Valera, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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18. Schleiermacherean Panentheism and Ecology

Author

Lee, Graham, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, Callicott, J. Baird, Editorial Board Member, Chapin III, Stuart, Editorial Board Member, Hargrove, Eugene, Editorial Board Member, Jax, Kurt, Editorial Board Member, Klaver, Irene J., Editorial Board Member, Massardo, Francisca, Editorial Board Member, May Jr., Roy H., Editorial Board Member, Palmer, Clare, Editorial Board Member, Pickett, Steward T. A., Editorial Board Member, Simberloff, Daniel, Editorial Board Member, and Valera, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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19. Stoic Pantheism and Environmental Ethics in Pliny the Elder

Author

Wade, Max, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, Callicott, J. Baird, Editorial Board Member, Chapin III, Stuart, Editorial Board Member, Hargrove, Eugene, Editorial Board Member, Jax, Kurt, Editorial Board Member, Klaver, Irene J., Editorial Board Member, Massardo, Francisca, Editorial Board Member, May Jr., Roy H., Editorial Board Member, Palmer, Clare, Editorial Board Member, Pickett, Steward T. A., Editorial Board Member, Simberloff, Daniel, Editorial Board Member, and Valera, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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23. Non-native Pines Are Homogenizing the Ecosystems of South America

Author

Jorgelina Franzese, Yamila Sasal, Nahuel Policelli, Martin A. Nuñez, Rafael D. Zenni, Rafael A. García, Kimberley T. Taylor, Aníbal Pauchard, Rozzi, Ricardo, Chapin III, Stuart, Massardo, Francisca, Gavin, Michael, Klaver, Irene, Pauchard, Aníbal, Nuñez, Martin Andres, and Simberloff, Daniel

Subjects
IMPACTS, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Steppe, Biodiversity, Introduced species, Vegetation, HOMOGENIZACIÓN, Spatial heterogeneity, Ciencias Biológicas, INVASIVE TREES, Geography, Abundance (ecology), PINACEAE, Ecosystem, PLANT INVASIONS, Temperate rainforest, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Abstract

A large area previously dominated by native ecosystems in South America is now covered by monocultures of non-native tree species, mainly of the genus Pinus. Currently, pine plantations and the invasions that have been generated from these are causing a homogenization process at the landscape, stand, and even micro-site scales. The continuous and extensive areas covered by pine plantations have replaced the native ecosystem heterogeneity in many landscapes of South America. Within these plantations, the diversity of plants and animals is lower than that of the nearest remnant native ecosystems. These plantations can also act as a barrier to the movement of species across the landscape. In addition, in most places where pine plantations have been established, invasions have occurred into the sur-rounding ecosystems. Overall, pine invasions are more evident in open ecosystems (e.g., grasslands, steppes, and degraded native forest), but they can also occur in denser vegetation (e.g., temperate forests). Native species loss as a consequence of pine invasions has been recorded in tropical, mediterranean, and temperate ecosys-tems. Increased pine abundance and the resultant native species loss bring changes to all levels of organization within the ecosystem, from soil microorganisms to invertebrates, plants, and vertebrates. These changes reduce the ecosystem´s spatial heterogeneity and thus cause biotic homogenization. These biodiversity losses can affect the stability of ecosystems by decreasing their resilience to environmental change and disturbances. To mitigate the impacts caused by pines, it is important to implement comprehensive landscape planning, understanding that pine plantations coexist and interact with other land uses in a complex ecological and social setting. Fil: García, Rafael. Universidad de Concepción; Chile Fil: Franzese, Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; Argentina Fil: Policelli, Nahuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina Fil: Sasal, Yamila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; Argentina Fil: Zenni, Rafael. Universidad Federal de Lavras. Departamento de Biologia; Brasil Fil: Nuñez, Martin Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina Fil: Kimberley, Taylor. University of Montana; Estados Unidos Fil: Pauchard, Aníbal. Universidad de Concepción; Chile

Published
2018

24. Ecology and Education in Marine Protected Areas: Insights from Brazil and South America

Author

Evangelina Schwindt, Natalia Pirani Ghilardi-Lopes, Flavio Augusto de Souza Berchez, Ricardo Rozzi, Kelen Leite, Andrés Mansilla, Rozzi, Ricardo, Chapin III, F. Stuart, Callicott, J. Baird, Pickett, S. T. A., Power, Mary E., Armesto, Juan J., and May Jr., R. H.

Subjects
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS, Environmental philosophy, Praxis, business.industry, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, LONG TERM RESEARCH, Ciencias Biológicas, BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS, Geography, Environmental education, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, Conflict resolution, Marine protected area, Stewardship, MONITORING, business, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, media_common
Abstract

South American coastal habitats include a wide range of benthic ecosystems, many of which are unique and constitute hotspots of biodiversity. Marine protected areas (MPAs), instituted mostly during the second half of the twentieth Century, are considered a key management tool to conserve regional biodiversity, prevent overexploitation, and generate economic benefits. Educational actions to promote changes in basic values, principles, and attitudes – although considered also as a main objective – frequently have a poor conceptual basis. In conjunction with the evaluation of their effectiveness by long-term, site-based ecological and socio-economic research, in Brazil MPAs are aiming to implement a holistic approach. This will allow the development and testing of environmental practices that integrate ecology, economy, ethics, and conflict resolution in the different uses of marine space. However, ecological long-term studies, socio-economic long-term evaluation, and the integration of education and ethics are still incipient. With the recent creation of some independent networks in different South American countries related to the assessment of biological communities, marine biologists of this continent are now focusing more on: (1) sharing methodologies and data to allow comparative and integrated continental analyses, and (2) integrating social components, including not only economic but also ethical values and participatory approaches. Toward this aim, the Chilean Long Term Socio- Ecological Research network (LTSER-Chile) has developed a Field Environmental Philosophy program that could be adapted to MPAs educational programs, and also contribute to the integration of ecology and ethics in theory and praxis for an Earth Stewardship initiative. Fil: Berchez, Flavio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Mansilla, Andres. Universidad de Magallanes.; Chile Fil: Ghilardi Lopes, Natalia. Universidad Federal Do Abc.; Brasil Fil: Schwindt, Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Leite, Kelen. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Ecológica Tupinambás; Brasil Fil: Rozzi, Ricardo. Universidad de Magallanes.; Chile. University of North Texas; Estados Unidos

Published
2015

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