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Success in the production of eucalyptus seedlings directly affects the development of plants in the field. Several factors influence their initial growth, especially the substrate. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings and characteristics of the substrate using silicate agromineral (SA) in different proportions (substrate:SA; v/v): T0 – 100:00%, T1 – 90:10%, T2 – 80:20%, and T3 – 50:50%. The treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized design. Measurements of height (H), stem diameter (SD) and calculation of the H/SD ratio of the plants were performed every 3 weeks, totaling 4 measurements. At the end of the experiment (12 weeks), soil fertility analyses, granulometric analysis (sand, silt and clay) and total chemical analysis were carried out. Due to the chemical and mineralogical composition of SA, its use in substrate in a greater proportion (T3) promoted the increase of exchangeable K, Ca and Si contents, which influenced the increase in the sum of bases and cation exchange capacity. The levels of assimilable P and micronutrients Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were also higher in this treatment. The increase in SA proportions in the substrate composition also favored increase in the sand fraction and reduction in the clay fraction. As for the growth of seedlings, the results were not significant for H and SD as a function of SA doses, leading to the conclusion that the solubilization and slow release of nutrients by SA did not influence the growth of the plants

The reproductive system of a tree species has substantial impact on genetic diversity and structure within and among natural populations. Such information, should be considered when planning tree planting for forest restoration. Here, we describe the mating system and genetic diversity of an overexploited Neotropical tree, Myroxylon peruiferum L.f. (Fabaceae) sampled from a forest remnant (10 seed trees and 200 seeds) and assess whether the effective population size of nursery-grown seedlings (148 seedlings) is sufficient to prevent inbreeding depression in reintroduced populations. Genetic analyses were performed based on 8 microsatellite loci. M. peruiferum presented a mixed mating system with evidence of biparental inbreeding (t^m-t^s = 0.118). We found low levels of genetic diversity for M. peruiferum species (allelic richness: 1.40 to 4.82; expected heterozygosity: 0.29 to 0.52). Based on Ne(v) within progeny, we suggest a sample size of 47 seed trees to achieve an effective population size of 100. The effective population sizes for the nursery-grown seedlings were much smaller Ne = 27.54-34.86) than that recommended for short term Ne ≥ 100) population conservation. Therefore, to obtain a reasonable genetic representation of native tree species and prevent problems associated with inbreeding depression, seedling production for restoration purposes may require a much larger sampling effort than is currently used, a problem that is further complicated by species with a mixed mating system. This study emphasizes the need to integrate species reproductive biology into seedling production programs and connect conservation genetics with ecological restoration.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842011000500005.pdf: 846575 bytes, checksum: b35ec475068f9740c5bd62f7ac866460 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842011000500005.pdf: 846575 bytes, checksum: b35ec475068f9740c5bd62f7ac866460 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842011000500005.pdf: 846575 bytes, checksum: b35ec475068f9740c5bd62f7ac866460 (MD5) S1519-69842011000500005.pdf.txt: 41718 bytes, checksum: 625a176485c030861add078139b501b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842011000500005.pdf: 846575 bytes, checksum: b35ec475068f9740c5bd62f7ac866460 (MD5) S1519-69842011000500005.pdf.txt: 41718 bytes, checksum: 625a176485c030861add078139b501b1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842011000500005.pdf: 846575 bytes, checksum: b35ec475068f9740c5bd62f7ac866460 (MD5) S1519-69842011000500005.pdf.txt: 41718 bytes, checksum: 625a176485c030861add078139b501b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) O presente estudo foi realizado durante um ano em viveiro de produção de peixes, com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito da qualidade da água na comunidade planctônica em função do manejo adotado. Maiores densidades de Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae e Cyanobacteria estiveram associadas aos elevados teores de nitrato (1 a 210 mg.L-1). Densidades de Cyanobacteria acima de 90 ind.m³ × 10³ (85,5%) ocorreram quando as concentrações de nitrato estiveram ao redor de 210 mg.L-1, fósforo total menor que 106 mg.L-1 e temperatura acima de 25 °C. Elevada densidade de Rotifera também esteve associada às altas densidades de Cyanobacteria (dezembro). Dentre os organismos zooplanctônicos, os Rotifera foram os mais abundantes e somente Trichocerca sp. foi constante em todos os pontos amostrados. Dentre os Cladocera, a espécie mais representativa foi Diaphanosoma birgei, variando de 4 a 342 ind.L-1 (0,7 e 2,4%) durante o período de estudo. Os resultados mostram que qualidade da água e o manejo empregado neste viveiro apresentaram influência direta na população planctônica, em função da baixa profundidade e constante carga de nutrientes que são incorporados no viveiro por meio de alimentos, fertilizantes e fezes de peixes, que contribuem para o aparecimento de organismos planctônicos não desejáveis. This work was carried out during one year in a fish pond to evaluate the effect of water quality in a plankton community according to the adopted management. High densities of Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria were associated with high nitrate levels (1 to 210 mg.L-1). Cell densities of Cyanobacteria over 90 ind.m³ × 10³ (85.5%) occurred when nitrate concentrations approximated 210 mg.L-1, total phosphorus less than 160 mg.L-1 and temperature above 25 °C. High density of Rotifera was associated with high density of Cyanobacteria (December). Only Trichocerca sp. among the Rotifera species was constant in all sampled sites, whereas Diaphanosoma birgei, ranging between 4 and 342 ind.L-1 (0.7 and 2.4%) during the study period, was the most representative among the Cladocera species. Results show that water quality management in the fish pond had a direct influence on the plankton population due to the shallowness of the environment, large nutrient discharges through feed, fertilizing, fish waste. In fact, they contribute towards the appearance of undesirable plankton organisms. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura FAPESP: 07/59214-9 FAPESP: 08/53159-9

The present study aimed at evaluating the composition, diversity and short-term temporal fluctuations of zooplankton communities in fish ponds. The study was carried out in two fish ponds, with 180 m² of water surface (6 × 30 m) each, located in the Aquiculture Centre of the Pindamonhangaba Fisheries Institute - São Paulo. The study was developed over eight weeks, from February 16 to April 6, 1998. The physical and chemical conditions of the water in the fish ponds were adequate for zooplankton development. The zooplanktonic community was characterised by high richness of species and a greater diversity was observed in the first fish pond, with a superior density of Rotifera. Temporal changes in zooplankton composition occurred in both ponds with Cladocera appearing in abundance later, in the fourth week, whereas copepods and rotifers were well represented since the beginning. Many species found are typical of fish ponds and are considered to constitute an excellent food source, showing high nutritional value for fish larvae, a good example being individuals from the Rotifera group and the micro-crustacean species Moina minuta and Thermocyclops decipiens. O presente estudo visou avaliar a composição, a diversidade e a flutuação do zooplâncton em dois viveiros escavados na terra com 180 m² de espelho d'água (6 × 30 m) cada um, no Núcleo de Aquicultura do Instituto de Pesca de Pindamonhangaba-SP. O estudo foi realizado durante oito semanas, no período de 16 de fevereiro a 6 de abril de 1998. As condições observadas, em relação às características físicas e químicas da água dos viveiros, foram adequadas ao desenvolvimento dos organismos zooplanctônicos. A comunidade zooplanctônica foi caracterizada por elevada riqueza de espécies, com maiores densidades de organismos pertencentes ao grupo Rotifera. Mudanças temporais na composição do zooplâncton ocorreram em ambos os tanques, com Cladocera aparecendo em maior abundância mais tarde, na quarta semana, enquanto que copepodos e rotíferos foram bem representados desde o início. Muitas espécies encontradas são típicas de viveiros de piscicultura e constituem excelente fonte alimentar, apresentando alto valor nutritivo para larvas de peixes, como por exemplo os indivíduos do grupo Rotifera e as espécies Moina minuta e Thermocyclops decipiens.

High-diversity reforestation can help jumpstart tropical forest restoration, but obtaining viable seedlings is a major constraint: if nurseries do not offer them, it is hard to plant all the species one would like. From 2007 to 2009, we investigated five different seed acquisition strategies employed by a well-established tree nursery in southeastern Brazil, namely (1) in-house seed harvesters; (2) hiring a professional harvester; (3) amateur seed harvesters; or (4) a seed production cooperative, as well as (5) participating in a seed exchange program. In addition, we evaluated two strategies not dependent on seeds: harvesting seedlings from native tree species found regenerating under Eucalyptus plantations, and in a native forest remnant. A total of 344 native tree and shrub species were collected as seeds or seedlings, including 2,465 seed lots. Among these, a subset of 120 species was obtained through seed harvesting in each year. Overall, combining several strategies for obtaining planting stocks was an effective way to increase species richness, representation of some functional groups (dispersal syndromes, planting group, and shade tolerance), and genetic diversity of seedlings produced in forest tree nurseries. Such outcomes are greatly desirable to support highdiversity reforestation as part of tropical forest restoration. In addition, community-based seed harvesting strategies fostered greater socioeconomic integration of traditional communities in restoration projects and programs, which is an important bottleneck for the advance of ecological restoration, especially in developing countries. Finally, we discuss some of the limitations of the various strategies for obtaining planting stocks and the way forward for their improvement.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:57:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-71081999000100005.pdf: 256519 bytes, checksum: 94adc2bbb2436d976316832fcde97437 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-71081999000100005.pdf: 256519 bytes, checksum: 94adc2bbb2436d976316832fcde97437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:52:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-71081999000100005.pdf: 256519 bytes, checksum: 94adc2bbb2436d976316832fcde97437 (MD5) S0034-71081999000100005.pdf.txt: 29687 bytes, checksum: bccb2ae528c1fc0d1506f3946e85825c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-71081999000100005.pdf: 256519 bytes, checksum: 94adc2bbb2436d976316832fcde97437 (MD5) S0034-71081999000100005.pdf.txt: 29687 bytes, checksum: bccb2ae528c1fc0d1506f3946e85825c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-71081999000100005.pdf: 256519 bytes, checksum: 94adc2bbb2436d976316832fcde97437 (MD5) S0034-71081999000100005.pdf.txt: 29687 bytes, checksum: bccb2ae528c1fc0d1506f3946e85825c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-02-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Devido ao crescente aumento do uso de aeradores artificiais em sistema de cultivo de peixes e à carência de estudos nesta área, este trabalho avaliou a influência de um aerador tipo propeller diffuser (AR 120) nas variáveis bióticas e abióticas em um viveiro de engorda de peixe. Foram demarcados três pontos de coleta localizados a 5, 10 e 23 m de distância do aerador, durante 15 dias consecutivos, sendo 5 dias antes do uso do aerador, 5 dias com o aerador ligado e 5 dias com o aerador desligado. As variáveis limnológicas estudadas não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) entre os três pontos de coleta, porém, em relação ao uso do aerador, variáveis como temperatura, transparência, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, bicarbonato, CO2 livre, fósforo total, ortofosfato, amônia, nitrato e nitrito diferiram significativamente (P < 0,05) com a agitação mecânica da água. Já a condutividade, alcalinidade, CO2 total e clorofila a não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) com o uso do aerador. A comunidade fitoplanctônica sofreu influência direta do aerador (P < 0,05), dominada pelas Chlorophyta, representando mais de 70% do total de organismos presentes, seguidas das Cyanophyta e Chrysophyta, porém estas últimas tenderam a aumentar após o uso do aerador, uma vez que estes grupos se adaptam rapidamente às mudanças do ambiente. Due to the increasing use of artificial aerators in fish ponds, and to the lack of studies on this subject, this work studied some of the aspects associated with their use. The influence of a diffuser type aerator (AR 120) on the biotic and abiotic variables was evaluated in a fish pond. Three points of the pond were marked for the taking of samples: 5, 10 and 23 m from the aerator. Samples were taken every day for 15 consecutive days: 5 days before the use of the aerator, 5 days with the aerator functioning and 5 days with it not functioning. The limnological variables studied did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) when the three sampling points were compared, but regarding the use of the aerator, variables such as water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, bicarbonate, free CO2, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, ammonia nitrate and nitrite concentrations showed significant differences (P < 0.05) when the water was mechanically agitated. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) with the use of the aerator regarding conductivity, alkalinity, total CO2 and chlorophyll a values. The phytoplanktonic community suffered as a direct influence of the aerator (P < 0.05). The community was dominated by Chlorophyta, representing more than 70% of the total organisms present, followed by Cyanophyta and Chrysophyta which tended to increase in number after the use of the aerator. This probably occurred because these groups adapt quickly to changes in the environment. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aqüicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aqüicultura