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1. Analysis on influencing factors of carbon emissions from China's pulp and paper industry and carbon peaking prediction.

Author

Wang H

Subjects
Carbon Dioxide analysis, China, Carbon analysis, Economic Development statistics & numerical data, Industry statistics & numerical data, Air Pollution statistics & numerical data, Paper, Carbon Footprint statistics & numerical data
Abstract

China's pulp and paper industry (CPPI) has been always the main carbon emission source in recent years. However, the analysis on influencing factors of carbon emissions from this industry is insufficient. To address the issue, the CO 2 emissions from CPPI are estimated in the period of 2005-2019, the driving factors of CO 2 emissions are investigated by the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, the decoupling state of economic growth and CO 2 emissions is determined by Tapio decoupling model, and finally, future CO 2 emissions are predicted under four scenarios by the STIRPAT model to explore the potential of carbon peaking. The results show that CPPI exhibits a rapid increase and a fluctuating downward trend in CO 2 emissions during the period of 2005-2013 and 2014-2019, respectively. The main promoting and inhibiting factors to the increase of CO 2 emission are per capita industrial output value and energy intensity, respectively. There are five decoupling states of CO 2 emissions and economic growth during the study period, and the CO 2 emissions exhibit a weak decoupling state with the industrial output value growth in most years of the study period. It is very difficult to realize the carbon peaking goal by 2030 under the baseline and fast development scenarios. Therefore, efficient low carbon and strong low-carbon development policies are necessary and urgent for the realization of carbon peaking goal and the sustainable development of CPPI., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2023
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3. Openness, human capital and total factor productivity: evidence from China.

Author

Xu, Helian, Lai, Mingyong, and Qi, Peng

Subjects
ECONOMICS, ECONOMIC development, HUMAN capital, LABOR supply, PAPER
Abstract

This paper examines the drivers behind China's economic growth. In particular, it focuses on the channels of knowledge spillovers: human capital and openness to trade and foreign direct investment. The specific features of the study include using the most recent comprehensive panel data consisting of 29 provinces during the period 1994-2006 and performing unit root and cointegration tests in the panel data framework. The paper finds that human capital, trade and FDI are the significant determinants of total factor productivity, but their importance varies with technological levels of provinces. These findings have important policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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4. THE PROCESS OF NEW SERVICE DEVELOPMENT — ISSUES OF FORMALIZATION AND APPROPRIABILITY.

Author

DOLFSMA, WILFRED

Subjects
SERVICE industries, MANUFACTURED products, FORMALIZATION (Philosophy), THEORY of knowledge, PAPER, ECONOMIC development
Abstract

Services form an important part of the economy today. Innovation for service firms is as important as for manufacturing, but the innovation process for service firms is comparatively little studied. In this paper, I review the literature there is on the innovation process for service firms, and make two suggestions for formalizing that process. The common thought that service firms do not innovate does not hold. Innovation is, however, often ad hoc for services, and it can therefore be difficult to measure firms' innovation efforts. These points are related to issues of appropriability of the benefits of innovation in services. The two issues primarily discussed in this paper — the possibilities of formalizing and appropriating in case of new service development — are central issues for service firms. It is here that this paper offers some contributions to the existing literature; it does not so much present an overview thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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5. Socioeconomic and Fiscal Impact of Large-Scale Gold Mining in Mali

Author

Sanoh, Aly and Coulibaly, Massaoly

Subjects
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING, INVESTMENT, PUBLIC SERVICE, TAX, INFRASTRUCTURE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, BUDGET, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CAPACITY, WATER, health care economics and organizations, FISCAL SPACE, INVESTMENTS, LOCAL CAPACITY, MUNICIPALITIES, SUB-NATIONAL, FISCAL BURDEN, GOVERNMENTS, RETURNS, POVERTY, SHARES, RESERVES, GOODS, PUBLIC SPENDING, METALS, TAX COLLECTION, GOVERNMENT BUDGET, CITY, REVENUE COLLECTION, LIVING STANDARDS, DISTRICT, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, SUBSIDIES, MARKETS, PROFIT, LEAD, EXPORTERS, SANITATION, POLLUTION, TRANSFERS, STATUTORY LAWS, DISTRICTS, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, REVENUE LEVELS, NATIONAL BUDGET, SERVICES, PUBLIC SECTOR, CORPORATE INCOME TAX, MARKET, DURABLE, PAPER, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA, LOCAL CAPACITIES, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, COEFFICIENTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, CENTRAL BANK, OIL BOOM, ELECTRICITY, TEXTBOOKS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDS, IRRIGATION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, EXCHANGE, ROADS, ACCOUNTING, BUDGETS, TAXATION, INCOME TAX, SECURITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL MARKETS, STATE BUDGET, DECENTRALIZATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, COMMUNITY, FISCAL IMPACT, DISTRICT LEVEL, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, GOOD, EQUIPMENT, PUBLIC RESOURCES, REVENUE, TURNOVER, TAX BURDEN, TAXES, EQUITY, TREASURY, LAND, SPENDING, CURRENT EXPENDITURES, FUELS, SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION, MATERIALS, GOVERNMENT REVENUE, TAX REVENUES, EXPENDITURES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, INTERNATIONAL BANK, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, PUBLIC, MANAGEMENT, LABOR, PROFIT MARGINS, EQUITY RETURNS, HOUSING, BUDGETING, PUBLIC GOODS, LOCAL ECONOMY, STREET CLEANING, REVENUES, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC WORKS, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, LOCAL TAXES, SHARE, INVESTMENT SPENDING, POVERTY RATE, MINING, EXPENDITURE, TAX SYSTEM
Abstract

This paper analyzes the socioeconomic, fiscal, and governance impact of gold mining in Mali. The analysis finds that, at the national level, mining plays an important role by contributing to export earnings and overall government fiscal revenue. In 2013, the mining sector represented 7 percent of gross domestic product, contributed 1.5 percent to growth in total gross domestic product, and accounted for 65 percent of total export earnings and 25 percent of total government budget revenues. At the local level, despite higher population growth, there is some evidence that outcomes (poverty and infrastructure services) are marginally better in mining communes compared with non-mining communes. Local governments receive fiscal windfalls that are spent significantly on education capital expenditures and current expenditures (salaries and non-salaries). Non-salary current expenditures are 10 times higher in mining areas. Analysis of the political economy of public service provision at the local level suggests that technical or absorptive capacities may be the bottleneck to increasing the local benefit of mining instead of corruption or accountability.

Published
2015

6. Carbon prices and incentives for technological development

Author

Eva Samakovlis, Per-Olov Marklund, Tommy Lundgren, and Wenchao Zhou

Subjects
Paper, Environmental Engineering, Natural resource economics, jel:D22, Industrial Waste, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, jel:D24, Air Pollution, Economics, Data envelopment analysis, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European union, Waste Management and Disposal, Total factor productivity, Productivity, media_common, Generalized method of moments, Sweden, Public economics, business.industry, Fossil fuel, General Medicine, CO2 tax, EU ETS, Luenberger productivity indicator, GMM, Carbon Dioxide, Models, Theoretical, Taxes, Incentive, jel:Q55, jel:Q54, jel:Q58, Emissions trading, Economic Development, business
Abstract

How to significantly decrease carbon dioxide emissions has become one of the largest challenges faced by modern society. The standard recipe prescribed by most economists is to put a price on carbon, either through a tax or through emissions trading. Such measures can reduce emissions cost-effectively and create incentives for technological development. There is, however, a growing concern that the carbon prices generated through the European Union emission trading system (EU ETS) have been too low to create the incentives necessary to stimulate technological development. This paper empirically analyzes how the Swedish carbon dioxide tax and the EU ETS have affected productivity development in the Swedish pulp and paper industry 1998-2008. A Luenberger total factor productivity (TFP) indicator is computed using data envelopment analysis. How the policy measures affect TFP is assessed using a system generalized method of moments estimator. The results show that climate policy had a modest impact on technological development in the pulp and paper industry, and if significant it has been negative. The price on fossil fuels, on the contrary, seems to have created important incentives for technological development. Hence, results suggest that the carbon prices faced by the industry through EU ETS and the carbon dioxide tax have been too low.

Published
2014