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Fecundity is one of the important indicators affecting the economic benefits of sheep industry. The heritability of reproductive traits is low, the cycle is long, and the breeding progress is slow. As a famous sheep breed in China, Hu sheep is famous for ‘oestrus throughout the year and high prolificacy’. It has been widely introduced all over the country. It is not only the most important female parent for sheep cross breeding and production, but also an ideal object to study the mechanism of prolificacy. Reproductive trait is a complex trait, which is regulated by factors such as heredity, epigenetic modification, hormones and nutrition.This paper mainly introduced the research progress of reproductive traits of Hu sheep from the aspects of the molecular regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and uterus, as well as the nutritional regulation of follicular, uterine and placental development. Meanwhile, the problems existing in the current Hu sheep industry were discussed, and the future research fields were also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]