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The Clinton administration's drive to enact reform in Ukraine during the 1990s was viewed at the time as being necessary for the nation's revitalization and re-integration into Western Europe. Decades later, these policies have been critiqued for antagonizing the Kremlin, causing it to seek political control over its former satellite. This paper addresses the viability of the Clinton administration's efforts and the reasons for their ultimate failure. It finds that despite its best intentions, the administration's economic strategy faced unanticipated resistance from the Kremlin, as long-standing ties with Kiev undermined US-led efforts for economic and political reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding upon the literature on foreign supplier's spillovers, which predominantly adopts an economic lens and focuses on short-term effects on the domestic firm's performance increases, our study employs the behavioral theory of the firm to investigate the long-term effects of these spillovers on the strategic development of domestic firms in the post-absorption stage. We conducted a case study of a Chinese distributor that grew into a diversified conglomerate over twenty years after absorbing spillovers from its dominant foreign supplier. Based on richly grounded data collected from this particular distributor firm, our findings reveal that these spillovers enhanced short-term performance and played a crucial role in guiding the firm's search behaviors for recruiting new suppliers and entering new businesses over the long term. Moreover, we have identified search barriers imposed by the foreign supplier and local government that hindered the domestic firm's search behaviors until economic reform policies were implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Beyond Neoliberalism and Neo-illiberalism: Economic Policies and Performance for Sustainable Democracy" analyzes the relationship between economy and democracy, highlighting the causes of the authoritarian turn and its connection with neoliberal policies. Renowned experts such as Dani Rodrik and Joseph Stiglitz are mentioned, who propose economic reforms to ensure equitable access to resources and promote cooperation. The need to strengthen public institutions and create a democratic ethos to overcome job insecurity and political disaffection is raised. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of economic policy development during the New Order era in Indonesia reflects the political and economic dynamics that shaped the nation's development trajectory. Initially, the New Order government adopted a centralized and authoritarian economic development model, emphasizing industrialization and modernization. While these programs spurred economic growth, they also led to social inequality and political tensions. The late 1990s currency crisis, particularly the 1997 Asian financial crisis, significantly destabilized Indonesia's economy. Economic policies of the New Order era, characterized by dependence on foreign debt and imprudent monetary practices, rendered Indonesia susceptible to global financial market fluctuations. The impact of the crisis was profound, manifesting in a sharp decline in economic growth, a currency crisis, and a banking crisis, which compelled the government to implement urgent economic reforms. These reforms included financial sector restructuring, economic deregulation, and enhanced transparency in public financial management. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the New Order's economic policies and the subsequent impact of the currency crisis on Indonesia's economy.

This study aims to analyse the effect of free trade zone (FTZ) on economic growth, with a case study of Timor Leste’s Special Administrative Region of Oecusse-Ambeno (RAEOA). The study employs a descriptive analysis method using secondary data and literature study. The results show that FTZs can have a positive impact on a country’s economic growth but the impact depends on various factors such as government policies, infrastructure, and political stability. In the case of Timor Leste, the RAEOA, formed in 2002 has been attracting investment and contributing to the development of key industries such as agriculture, tourism, and fisheries, as well as natural resources such as oil and gas, However, the region still faces various economic challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of infrastructure. Therefore, the study suggests that Timor Leste government carefully design the spillover mechanism of FTZ to ensure that the economic growth goal is followed by the social and economic impact in a way that results in more sustainable and equitable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Policy Researches / İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Economic Policy Researches / Iktisat Politikasi Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corruption remains a persistent feature in most transitional and fragile countries, raising questions around the processes and outcomes of international development and economic reforms. In the case of Afghanistan, conventional wisdom tends to blame domestic factors, including corruption, in the collapse of the internationally-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, while largely neglecting the co-constitutive nexus between economic reconstruction, criminality, and political authority. Combining the political marketplace framework with a network analysis, this paper traces how a corrupt network formed around the Kabul Bank, grew and metastasised by leveraging neo-liberal and technocratic economic reform policies, and thus, gravely undermined the country's governance and stability. By doing so, it argues that international reconstruction practices and resources reconfigured power in Afghanistan, and helped create a governance system governed by the logic of a criminalised political marketplace. The paper also demonstrates the utility of a political marketplace lens in explaining evolving political dynamics, with a network analysis to generate deeper insights into the complex interactions between the local and global dynamics that produce criminality, corruption, and state capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ordoliberal economic policy is a valuable source of inspiration for many countries wanting to reform their political and socio-economic systems. It is also a valuable "object" of research and analysis. Ordoliberalism was initially introduced only in the Western occupation zones, then, after the reunification of Germany in 1990, it was extended to the area of the former German Democratic Republic and, to some extent, constituted a reference point for reforms in the countries of Central Europe. In turn, the Eastern Partnership is an initiative based on close cooperation between the EU and six Eastern European countries that are not members of the EU structures. It was inaugurated ten years ago on the initiative of Poland and Sweden. This publication tries to answer the question to what extent the German experience with ordoliberalism can be useful for countries undergoing the process of systemic transformation, with particular emphasis on the countries of Eastern Partnership countries. The analysis was prepared using the institutional and legal method, while the main source base were available scientific publications and published documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses frequency and quantile-varying linkage between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and green bond index (GBI) using wavelet multiscale decomposition and quantile-on-quantile regression approaches. We construct nine different time frequency combinations of short-term EPU and long-term GBI and find that dynamic coefficients exist for their relationship across different quantiles. For the same cases, the corresponding coefficients even change from positive to negative or conversely, further proving the unstable linkage related to different quantiles and frequencies. The major contribution of this study is that time frequencies and quantile-varying analysis are used simultaneously. In addition, China's economic reform and complex external economic shocks make it a case worthy of study. Furthermore, this work indicates a nonlinear link, which adds to the theoretical foundation of EPU and GBI. Thus, authorities should stabilize their economic policy, avoid drastic policy changes and increase policy transparency, which can strengthen investors' confidence in the green bond market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of differentiation strategy on the financial performance of deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya. Methodology: A descriptive research crosssectional approach was applied. The target population of this study was 174 DT-SACCOs in Kenya. The sample size was 174 respondents. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from the selected respondents. Data collection method was by use of questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptive data was analyzed through measures of central tendency including means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. Data was coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v23.0). Results were then presented in tables, diagrams and charts. Findings: The results showed that differentiation strategy had a positive and significant relationship to financial performance (r=0.590, p=0.000; R2=0.348, ß=1.039). The findings emphasize the importance of implementing effective differentiation strategies to achieve better financial performance. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya prioritize the implementation of differentiation strategies to enhance their financial performance. By adopting these strategies, SACCOs can position themselves for improved financial success and sustained growth in the highly competitive financial services sector. The study's findings contribute to academic theory by offering significant insights and presents practitioners in strategic management, policy makers, and the leadership in SACCOs with valuable recommendations. They are able to utilize the findings from the current study based on how to model dynamic capabilities that will ensure their knowledge and practicality of competitiveness is beefed up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the two most recent extended manifestos on Europe (2019) of the French populist radical right party Rassemblement National (RN), previously known as the Front National (FN), from a narrative perspective. The perspective used is based on the Narrative Policy Framework's focus on the setting, plot, characters and moral of the narrative combined with a generic approach. Rather than the 'classical' genres of tragedy, comedy, romance and satire, however, this study focuses on the narrative elements of the dystopian genre, and argues that the RN's narrative on Europe broadly resembles fictional dystopian narratives. In dystopian narratives, the inhabitants find their ontological security threatened by a dehumanising, authoritarian regime, in this case the EU. It is in the 'green world', a timeless space outside the limits of the dystopian state, here represented by the RN's proposed European Alliance of Nations, where the dystopian hero recuperates their sense of autonomy and identity. Such narratives, through exacerbating an already widespread sense of anxiety and ontological insecurity, are potentially powerful attempts to frame continued membership in an unreformed EU as a threat to security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines some economic reforms implemented by the government of Cuba in 2020.1 Called the Tarea Ordenamiento ("Tarea"),2 these reforms involve a type of structural adjustment to the island's economy that is controversial in developing countries. This article makes some observations about the challenges of evaluating the Tarea as a policy instrument.3 Structural adjustment programs are hard to assess because their effects can take decades to become apparent. Judging such a policy in the case of Cuba is particularly complex because U.S. sanctions severely constrain the island's economy. Nevertheless, this article suggests that the Tarea demonstrates Cuba's creeping acquiescence to market forces long repudiated by the Cuban government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TESAM Academy Journal is the property of Tesam Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study presents the development of the art policy of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party between 1957 and 1985, describing the processes and tendencies supporting it. The art policy of the Kádár era was framed by four documents among the various party resolutions, with different weight and effectiveness: the The Cultural Policy of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1958); The Vocation of Literature and the Arts in Our Society (1966); Topical Issues in Our Arts Policy (1977); and the On the Current Tasks of the HSWP's arts policy (1984). György Aczél, the main director of the art policy of the Kádár era, played a decisive role in their creation, albeit with age. The appearance of the documents always marked a change in the era of art policy, in close connection with the consolidation after 1956, the attempts at economic reform in the 1960s and the reversal of the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the "Competitive Rent-Seeking Model" that accounts for how reform policies paved the way for sustainable economic growth in "authoritarian transition economies" despite widespread corruption. Competitive rent-seeking refers to the process whereby the entry barrier to rent-generating economic activities, once monopolized by a small number of vested interests, has been lowered inviting more potential rent-seekers into the system. This was accomplished by enacting decentralizing and market-friendly reform policies that in turn exacerbated corruption but boosted production efficiency leading to improved social welfare. The model is exemplified by the Chinese and Vietnamese experiences during the 1980s. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that the model is applicable to the North Korean economy under Kim Jong Un's economic reform policy of the "Socialist System of Responsible Business Operation in Economic Management" initiated in 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Franchising occurred in Vietnam during the implementation of government policy for economic reform and openness in the mid-1990s. The Vietnam-specific franchise law was passed in January 2006 to create a stable growth in the franchise sector in Vietnam. The legal framework in Vietnam generally follows international legal frameworks. However, the legal framework of franchising businesses is still uncertain. This paper explores Vietnam's franchising law and displays a comparison to the legal framework of Thai franchising law and the Republic of Korea franchising law. The paper concludes that while Vietnam's franchising law generally conforms to international standards, some legal issues should be addressed for further development of the Vietnamese franchising sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to outline the reasons for the 2011 Arab Spring and why the Arab states failed to achieve sustainability and inclusive growth over the past three decades. Design/methodology/approach: This study used the augmented growth model framework derived from a production function and a dynamic panel LSDCV estimation, which incorporates aggregated economic and political reform indicators generated by principal component analysis. The empirical analysis is a comparative assessment of the Arab region as a whole and the Gulf countries and emerging Arab countries. This study is based on several panel data models for the Arab region's reform programmes from 1995 to 2018. Findings: The absence of robust economic and institutional reforms was the main reason for the uprising. Structural reforms in Gulf countries have been insufficient and more difficult to address than macroeconomic stability. By contrast, Arab emerging economies have achieved strong progress in structural reform but with weak progress in economic stability. Critically, governance indicator reforms enhance growth, with different items of governance based on the type of each group of countries. The results of this study confirm that reform is simultaneously political, social and economical. Practical implications: Economic reform should not be seen in a vacuum or in isolation from the political and social choices that society makes. Looking forward, the Arab reform agenda must address critical governance issues that hinder the effectiveness of reform policies. Originality/value: Theoretically, this study reappraises governance's role in economic growth using a unified mathematical model. Methodologically, this study analyses economic, social and political reform components in the Arab region using econometric analysis. Empirically, this study investigates regional socioeconomic reform programmes. Existing studies have failed to recognise the economic and institutional policy reform patterns in the Arab world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a detailed study of the posthumous rehabilitation of Nikolai Alekseevich Voznesenskii, a senior Soviet leader who fell into disfavor in 1949 and was executed the following year. The historical significance of this process lays in the fact that since March 1953 Voznesenskii's figure was utilized both as a negative and positive political tool in the fierce struggle between Beriia, Malenkov, and Khrushchëv over the succession to Stalin. During several phases of the dispute Khrushchëv made wily and sly use of Voznesenskii's political memory and of his characterization as an unblemished Bolshevik, unfairly charged and dramatically executed. Between 1953 and 1957 Khrushchëv repeatedly and successfully invoked said memory to tarnish the reputation of Beriia, Stalin, Malenkov and many others leaders. Eventually in 1963 he turned Voznesenskii's rehabilitation into open public celebration of his role as Party leader, planner, and economist. In doing so, Khrushchëv reinforced the Leninist credentials of his economic policies. This article relies on several published and original primary sources and contributes to the debates on the political use of rehabilitations in the USSR and on the nature of the struggle for the succession to Stalin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty-year period of modernization of the Russian economy under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, prior to the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, was characterized by a consistent trend towards a statist domestic orientation, coupled with an increasingly radical policy of financial openness. Despite numerous domestic economic reforms, which were oriented towards free-market principles, being either reversed or significantly altered, foreign economic policy reforms proved to be more enduring. In this paper, I argue that the differential outcomes along the axis of internal and external economic reforms are interrelated. The absence of a robust rule of law domestically enabled the reversal of privatization reforms, but also made financial openness policies more appealing to political elites. Furthermore, the society's expectation of welfare paternalism enabled the regime to tolerate the negative aspects of greater integration by relying on distributive policies rather than widespread repression. In contrast, I demonstrate that the inheritance of a less developed welfare state and an over-reliance on repression led the Chinese Communist Party to adopt a more cautious approach towards financial integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the financial and tax relations of the late XIX and early XX centuries of the Surhan Oasis, as well as the decree issued by the emirs, as well as its reforms. Surhan Oasis-the emirate of Bukhara, which includes four districts, is located in the historical regions in the name of the regions of Eastern Bukhara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)