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Today, the livelihoods of many local communities on the edge of protected areas depend on the resources and ecosystem services of these areas. Given that protected areas, especially drylands, are vulnerable ecosystems due to limited resources and environmental pressures such as climate change and human disturbance, the use of protected areas' resources and ecosystem services is severely restricted. are faced with dealing with resources. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a specific sustainable livelihood diversification strategy to guide the cooperative protection of protected areas and the sustainable and reasonable use of the resources and services of these ecosystems by local communities and the beneficiaries of these areas. This study, using the Participatory Rural Assessment (PRA) method, identified and analyzed stakeholders and beneficiaries of Mote National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary. The identified stakeholders were then invited to a joint workshop to formulate strategies for sustainable livelihoods in the study area, and during the brainstorming and criteria weighted comparison matrix phases, the identified livelihoods were ranked and a diversification strategy for sustainable livelihoods was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the important role of environmental amenities such as ecosystem services on human well-being, this study investigates the unfair distribution of access to urban cooling ecosystem services in Tehran in order to examine urban environmental justice through the following methodological steps: (1) mapping socio-economic inequality through eleven indicators reflecting socio-economic status ranked by TOPSIS, (2) exploring urban land surface temperature (LST) by applying the mono-window algorithm, (3) estimating canopy cover, and (4) applying distributional justice dimensions through demand, supply, and access to urban cooling ecosystem services. The results revealed that urban cooling ecosystem service demand was high in districts with lower socio-economic status ranking. Cooling ecosystem service supply was high in northern districts with higher socio-economic status. This study indicates that residents of Tehran are confronting urban injustice in terms of the distribution pattern of urban cooling ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]