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The Edge detection is a customarily task. Edge detection is the main task to perform as it gives clear information about the images. It is a tremendous device in photograph processing gadgets and computer imaginative and prescient. Previous research has been done on moving window approach and genetic algorithms. In this research paper new technique, Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) is applied which is galvanized through the social foraging conduct of Escherichia coli (E.coli). The Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has been practice by analysts for clarifying real world optimization problems arising in different areas of engineering and application domains, due to its efficiency. The Brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization (BHEE) is another technique that is used for edge enhancement. The BFO is applied on the low level characteristics on the images to find the pixels of natural images and the values of F-measures, recall(r) and precision (p) are calculated and compared with the previous technique. The enhancement technique i.e. BBHE is carried out to improve the information about the pictures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]