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En Corea del Sur se han gestado dos hitos con la publicación de Hana Yori Dango durante los 90’s y la emisión de la serie Boys over flowers (2009) a inicios de la primera década del siglo XXI. En Boys over flowers se presenta a Yoo Ji Hoo como miembro de los F4, un grupo de elite coreano, quien sufre de un accidente en su primera infancia donde fallecen sus padres y adquiere autismo luego del trauma. En su orfandad logra “salir” del autismo con la ayuda de Min Seo Hyun, una amiga cercana y de quien se enamora, permitiendo su reincorporación social como un sujeto neurotípico. En vista del progresivo incremento de los casos de niños autistas en todo el mundo, y de las ventajas que promete la medicina moderna sobre su tratamiento y ocasional “curación”, aquí buscamos responder a las siguientes preguntas: i) ¿es posible desarrollar autismo luego de un evento traumático?, y ii) ¿Es posible “salir” del autismo? Realizamos este análisis tomando como eje las cuestiones de vida de Yoo Ji Hoo en Boys over flowers.

Existe una remarcada actividad del cine dentro de los procesos de formación médica promoviendo el desarrollo de múltiples habilidades inherentes. En este estudio, presentamos una propuesta de terapéutica fílmica en el contexto complementario de la asistencia médica actual. Revisamos series de antaño, emitidas alrededor de los 70`s, que constan de capítulos cortos (~25 minutos). Series como Candy Candy, Marco, o Heidi, tienen marcadas diferencias de las series contemporáneas, y el potencial de ser instrumentos terapéuticos en sí mismos debido a: i) presentar personajes concretos (un niño o una niña en particular, en un contexto específico), ii) la existencia de un relato argumentativo (que se sigue capítulo a capítulo, lo cual obliga a que el niño o niña recree longitudinalmente una historia), iii) el abordaje de problemas existenciales (la vida de los personajes los obligan a vivir situaciones límite, usualmente ligados a las condiciones históricas de su tiempo); y iv) la vivencia de experiencias de orden moral (que suponen una discusión sobre lo bueno y lo malo). Estos podrían vincular al niño y el padre, ya que cada capítulo representa una actividad de la vida diaria, eximiendo a estos de la transmisión masiva de series sin contenidos educativos (terapéuticos).

espanolSobre la gradual desaparicion de la vision y los recuerdos de John Hull, contada en Notas sobre la ceguera (2016), planteamos una explicacion informacional de los cambios neurologicos a los que les conlleva la ceguera. El cerebro, en tanto un sistema de reorganizacion, puede adaptarse a la perdida de funciones, como la vista, y sobre esta asentar el desarrollo de nuevas capacidades de adaptacion. En John Hull, la actividad epiconsciente se mantiene sobre la base de una actividad perceptual que se orienta esencialmente desde lo auditivo y lo tactil, y ya no desde la modalidad visual. La memoria visual se va desvaneciendo, mientras que la actividad psiquica consciente se sostiene sobre la memoria auditiva y la memoria tactil. Las areas primarias occipitales, fueron envueltas, desde arriba (cineticamente) en las areas paleocorticales, logrando un procesamiento no tipico: como la activacion en la percepcion del sonido y el tacto. La actividad epiconsciente nunca se ve alterada. John Hull siempre imagina y piensa, siempre actua y percibe. Lo esencial que le ocurre es que debe aprender a percibir no visualmente sino, y de modo esencial: auditiva y tactilmente. John Hull, entonces, ha aprendido a ver con sus sensaciones auditivas y tactiles. EnglishOn the gradual loss of John Hull's vision and memories, recounted in Notes on blindness(2016), we propose an informational explanation of the neurological changes that blindness leads to. The brain, as a reorganization system, can adapt to the loss of functions, such as sight, and on this base the development of new adaptive capacities. In John Hull, the epicconscious activity is maintained on the basis of a perceptual activity that is oriented essentially from the auditory and the tactile, and no longer from the visual modality. The visual memory is fading, while the conscious-psychic activity is based on the auditory memory and the tactile memory. The occipital primary areas were wrapped, from above (kinetically) in the paleocortical areas, achieving non-typical processing: such as activation in the perception of sound and touch. Epicconscious activity is never altered. John Hull always imagines and thinks, always acts and perceives. The essential thing that happens to him is that he must learn to perceive not visually but, and essentially: auditory and tactile. John Hull, then, has learned to see with his auditory and tactile sensations.

Introduction: During the unprecedented lockdown, COVID-19 is causing people to suffer from mental disorders in response to strict containment measures. Latin America is the third most severely affected continent, and restrictive measures can have many negative effects on mental health (such as anxiety, depression, and stress) that may arise with fear. We aimed to measure the spread of fear of COVID-19 in the Latin American population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study in 535 participants of six countries of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru), and a country of Europe (Spain) as a control, during 2020. We used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: The mean age was 31.2±13.2 years (70.8% under 30 years) and the majority were women (57.9%) and 76.6% had a technical, university, or postgraduate studies. Seven percent of participants had high rates of fear of COVID-19, these high estimates of fear were observed in Argentines (14.3%, score range: 28-31%), of Peruvians (10.2%, score range: 27-35%), and Mexicans (5.7%, score range: 27-29%). Both Peru (p=0.003) and Mexico (p=0.0001) showed significant differences from the control country. We showed low levels of fear in 57.1%, 45.5%, 42.9%, and 41.2% of Argentines, Colombians, Bolivians, and Peruvians, respectively. No differences in low levels of fear we found among age groups (p> 0.05), however, we find differences between genders (p=0.001). Conclusions: These results suggested low levels of fear in six Latin American countries, highlighting the need to contextualize fear behavior as a key element in people’s psychological well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a disease that dramatically afflicts American populations as it is related to socioeconomic factors such as poverty. We aimed to determine the incidence of Leishmaniasis associated with poverty level among patients admitted to the Celendin Regional Hospital in Cajamarca, Peru. Materials and Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 250 peri-urban and rural patients (mean 29.3±20 years) diagnosed with leishmaniasis during 2015-2020. A collection card was used to extract the clinical, and epidemiological information. We used the 2013 Fondo de Cooperacion para el Desarrollo Social (FONCODES) to estimate the level of poverty in Cajamarca. Results: Of total, 156 (37.6%) were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis and the most common lesions were the upper limbs (110 [44%]) and the head (24 [9.6%]). The most frequent place origin of patients weres Celendin (54 [21.6%]), Huasmin (58 [23.2%]), and Utco (13 [5.2%]) district. The highest incidence rate of Leishmaniasis was found in the districts of Utco (0.93 × 1000 inhabitants) and Huasmin (0.41 × 1000 inhabitants). We found that the poverty rate (p = 0.002) and extreme poverty rate (p = 0.001) were positively associated with the incidence of Leishmaniasis. The most affected age group were those