1. Harmonizing and improving European education in prescribing: An overview of digital educational resources used in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
- Author
-
Bakkum, Michiel J., Tichelaar, Jelle, Papaioannidou, Paraskevi, Likic, Robert, Sanz Alvarez, Emilio J., Christiaens, Thierry, Costa, João N., Mačiulaitis, Romaldas, Dima, Lorena, Coleman, Jamie, Richir, Milan C., Agtmael, Michiel A., Atanasova, Ivanka, Ganeva, Maria, Gatchev, Emil, Kostadinova, I. I., Mimica Matanovic, S., Vitezic, D, Greta, Wozniak, Kmonickova, E., Karel, Urbanek, Damkier, P., Huupponen, R. K., Auffret, Marine, Bejan‐ Angoulvant, T., Laurent, Chouchana, Jean‐Luc, Cracowski, Drici, M. D., Faillie, J. L., Hélène, Geniaux, Molimard, M., Orlikowski, D., Palin, Karine, Pers, Y.‐M., Picard, Nicolas, Simon, N., Toussirot, E., Boger, R. H., Cascorbi, I., Mueller, S. C., Regenthal, R., Schwab, M., Schwaninger, M. S., Thuermann, P. A., Wojnowski, L., Kouvelas, D., Riba, P., Kerins, David M., Williams, David J., Cosentino, M., De Ponti, Fabrizio, Filippelli, Amelia, Leone, R., Locatelli, Vittorio, Jansone, Baiba, Gulbinovic, Romaldas, Mifsud, Janet, Braszko Jan, J., Kocic, I., Luiza, Breitenfeld, Castelo‐Branco, M., Simona, Conea, Ioan, Magyar, Bevc, S., Mojca, Krzan, Bernal, M. L., Capellà, D., Carcas, A., De Abajo, F. J., Lopez‐Rico, M., Lucena, M. I., Pontes, C., Sanz, E. J., Böttiger, Y., Le Grevès, Madeleine, Waard‐Siebinga, I., Janssen Ben, J. A., Wilma, Knol, Rahul, Pandit, Rosse, F., Dent, G., Albert, Ferro, Hitchings, A. W., Kapil, V., Linton, K. D., Loke, Y. K., Michael, Okorie, David, Plumb Richard, Pontefract, Sarah, Ranmuthu, S., Sampson, A. P., Thanacoody, H. K. R., Whitfield Jonathan, P., Wilson, Kurt, for the Education Working Group of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (EACPT) and its affiliated Network of Teachers in Pharmacotherapy (NOTIP), Bakkum, M, Tichelaar, J, Papaioannidou, P, Likic, R, Sanz Alvarez, E, Christiaens, T, Costa, J, Mačiulaitis, R, Dima, L, Coleman, J, Richir, M, van Agtmael, M, Locatelli, V, Internal medicine, Other Research, Bakkum M.J., Tichelaar J., Papaioannidou P., Likic R., Sanz Alvarez E.J., Christiaens T., Costa J.N., Maciulaitis R., Dima L., Coleman J., Richir M.C., van Agtmael M.A., Atanasova I., Ganeva M., Gatchev E., Kostadinova I.I., Mimica Matanovic S., Vitezic D., Greta W., Kmonickova E., Karel U., Damkier P., Huupponen R.K., Auffret M., Bejan-Angoulvant T., Laurent C., Jean-Luc C., Drici M.D., Faillie J.L., Helene G., Molimard M., Orlikowski D., Palin K., Pers Y.-M., Picard N., Simon N., Toussirot E., Boger R.H., Cascorbi I., Mueller S.C., Regenthal R., Schwab M., Schwaninger M.S., Thuermann P.A., Wojnowski L., Kouvelas D., Riba P., Kerins D.M., Williams D.J., Cosentino M., De Ponti F., Filippelli A., Leone R., Locatelli V., Jansone B., Gulbinovic R., Mifsud J., Braszko Jan J., Kocic I., Luiza B., Castelo-Branco M., Simona C., Ioan M., Bevc S., Mojca K., Bernal M.L., Capella D., Carcas A., De Abajo F.J., Lopez-Rico M., Lucena M.I., Pontes C., Bottiger Y., Le Greves M., de Waard-Siebinga I., Janssen Ben J.A., Wilma K., Rahul P., van Rosse F., Dent G., Albert F., Hitchings A.W., Kapil V., Linton K.D., Loke Y.K., Michael O., David P.R., Pontefract S., Ranmuthu S., Sampson A.P., Thanacoody H.K.R., Whitfield Jonathan P., and Wilson K.
- Subjects
Computer-Assisted Instruction ,Harmonization ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,law.invention ,open educational resource ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicaments -- Prescripció ,law ,clinical pharmacology and therapeutic ,Humans ,Learning ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Narrative ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Curriculum ,Schools, Medical ,Cross-Sectional Studie ,Pharmacology ,education ,Medical education ,Prescribing ,clinical pharmacology and therapeutics ,digital ,open educational resources ,Clinical pharmacology ,Drugs -- Prescribing ,Principal (computer security) ,Open educational resources ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Pharmacology, Clinical ,Psychology ,Human - Abstract
CONTRIBUTORS IN THE NETWORK OF TEACHERS IN PHARMACOTHERAPY (NOTIP) (ALPHABETIZED BY COUNTRY): Atanasova, Ivanka (Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria); Ganeva, Maria (Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria); Gatchev, Emil (Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria); Kostadinova, II (Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria); Mimica Matanovic, S (University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia); Vitezic, D (University of Rijeka Medical School, Rijeka, Croatia); Wozniak, Greta (University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus); Kmonickova, E (Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic); Urbanek, Karel (Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic); Damkier, P (University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark); Huupponen, RK (University of Turku, Turku, Finland); Auffret, Marine (Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France); Bejan-Angoulvant, T (Université de Tours, Tours, France); Chouchana, Laurent (Hospital Cochin, Paris, France); Cracowski, Jean-Luc (University Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France); Drici, MD (University of Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice, France); Faillie, JL (CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France); Geniaux, Hélène (CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France); Molimard, M (Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France); Orlikowski, D (Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles, France); Palin, Karine (University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France); Pers, Y-M (CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France); Picard, Nicolas (CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France); Simon, N (Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France); Toussirot, E (CHU de Besancon, Besancon, France); Boger, RH (University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany); Cascorbi, I (University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany); Mueller, SC (University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany); Regenthal, R (University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany); Schwab, M (Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany); Schwaninger, MS (University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany); Thuermann, PA (University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany); Wojnowski, L (University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany); Kouvelas, D (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece); Riba, P (Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary); Kerins, David M (University College, Cork, Ireland); Williams, David J (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland); Cosentino, M (University of Insubria, Varese, Italy); De Ponti, Fabrizio (University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy); Filippelli, Amelia (University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy); Leone, R (University of Verona, Verona, Italy); Locatelli, Vittorio (University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy); Jansone, Baiba (University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia); Gulbinovic, Romaldas (Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania); Mifsud, Janet (University of Malta, Msida, Malta); Braszko, Jan J (Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland); kocic, I (Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland); Breitenfeld, Luiza (Beira Interior University, Covilh~a, Portugal); Castelo-Branco, M (University of Beira Interior, Covilh~a, Portugal); Conea, Simona (“Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania); Magyar, Ioan (University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania); Bevc, S (University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia); Krzan, Mojca (University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia); Bernal, ML (University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain); Capellà, D (University of Girona, Girona, Spain); Carcas, A (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, University of Maribor, Spain); De Abajo, FJ (University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain); Lopez-Rico, M (University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain); Lucena, MI (University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain); Pontes, C (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain); Sanz, EJ (Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain); Böttiger, Y (Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden); Le Grevès, Madeleine (Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden); de Waard-Siebinga, I (University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands); Janssen, Ben JA (Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands); Knol, Wilma (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands); Pandit, Rahul (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands); van Rosse, F (Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands); Dent, G (Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom); Ferro, Albert (King's College London, London, United Kingdom); Hitchings, AW (St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom); Kapil, V (Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom); Linton, KD (University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom); Loke, YK (University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom); Okorie, Michael (Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom); Plumb, Richard David (Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom); Pontefract, Sarah (University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom); Ranmuthu, S (Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom); Sampson, AP (University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom); Thanacoody, HKR (Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom); Whitfield, Jonathan P (University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom); Wilson, Kurt (University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom) Improvement and harmonization of European clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education is urgently required. Because digital educational resources can be easily shared, adapted to local situations and re‐used widely across a variety of educational systems, they may be ideally suited for this purpose Methods With a cross‐sectional survey among principal CPT teachers in 279 out of 304 European medical schools, an overview and classification of digital resources was compiled. Results Teachers from 95 (34%) medical schools in 26 of 28 EU countries responded, 66 (70%) of whom used digital educational resources in their CPT curriculum. A total of 89 of such resources were described in detail, including e‐learning (24%), simulators to teach pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics (10%), virtual patients (8%), and serious games (5%). Together, these resources covered 235 knowledge‐based learning objectives, 88 skills, and 13 attitudes. Only one third (27) of the resources were in‐part or totally free and only two were licensed open educational resources (free to use, distribute and adapt). A narrative overview of the largest, free and most novel resources is given. Conclusion Digital educational resources, ranging from e‐learning to virtual patients and games, are widely used for CPT education in EU medical schools. Learning objectives are based largely on knowledge rather than skills or attitudes. This may be improved by including more real‐life clinical case scenarios. Moreover, the majority of resources are neither free nor open. Therefore, with a view to harmonizing international CPT education, more needs to be learned about why CPT teachers are not currently sharing their educational materials.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF